The tree form is a classic example of parallel evolution, having evolved separately in unrelated plant families.
Introduction to animal habitats, feeding, and effects: Insects, arachnids, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
[edit | edit source]Introduction to mycology: fungal diseases, symbiotes, and decay organisms
[edit | edit source]Evapotranspiration: water flow through the soil, plant, atmosphere continuum
[edit | edit source]Water availability in soil: the range between flood conditions and the permanent wilting point
[edit | edit source]Capillary action and it's relation to soil texture, soil structure, compaction, and humus
[edit | edit source]Osmotic potential: the salt index in the soil as contrasted with the concentration of dissolved solids inside the root membrane
[edit | edit source]Photosynthesis, respiration, and the retention or loss of moisture through stoma in leaves
[edit | edit source]Oxidation state: oxidizing, aerobic, hypoxic and anaerobic conditions
[edit | edit source]Phytotoxic environmental contaminants: soil, water, and air pollutants
[edit | edit source]Epiphytes, cavity dwellers, and effects of tree age distribution on habitat
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