Votian Abessive

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Abessive

	Singular	Plural
Abessive marker	-tta	-itta

Pronunciation

• Pronunciation of abessive suffixes varies according to vowel harmony e.g. iлmā leivä-ttä ('without bread' singular abessive ), iлmā minu-tta ('without me' singular abessive ), iлmā pillī-ttä ('musical instruments' plural abessive ), iлmā лahjoi-ttā ('musical instruments' plural abessive ).
• The final vowel of abessive suffixes may be omitted depending in it's position in a sentence (especially in Jõgõperä and Mati dialect) e.g. jaлkoi-t̄   (" without legs "), arvàme̮-t̄   (" without guessing " Jõgõperä dialect).

Morphophonology

• Singular abessive is usually in a grade opposite to singular nominative, caused by consonant gradation in stems e.g. leipä ('bread' singular nominative) vs. iлmā leivä-ttä ( singular abessive ).
• A plural stem is usually in the strong grade, if there is such a grade available e.g. jaлkoi-t̄   (" leg " plural abessive) vs. jaлga-D (plural nominative) .

Usage

1. Abessive expresses being without something and is used generally with a preposition iлmā - e.g. iлmā minutta siä et ̮ tunne̮ mennä ('You cannot find your way without me .'), jäin iлmā pillīttä (' I lost my (musical) instruments .'), tanttsi iлmā rivatta (' She danced barelegs (with no gaiters).')

Dialectal alternatives

• Votic of Ingria
  • Eastern Votic dialect
    • The suffix has an additional k .
      • leivä-ttäG ('without bread' singular abessive ), minu-ttaG ('without me' singular abessive )
  • Western
    • Valley dialect:
      • tt of the suffix may be degeminated e.g. Mati dialect iлmā leivä-tä ('without bread' singular abessive ), puhassama-ta ('without bread' singular abessive ).
    • Vaipooli
      • Jõgõperä dialect
        • The vowel of abessive suffix may be -e, -e̮ .
          • e.g. tšäe-tte ( "without a hand" singular abessive ), raha-tte̮ ( " without money" singular abessive )

See also

• Grammar of Votian dialects (syllabus)
• Plural
• Plural nominative
• Partitive
• Comitative

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