Template:Inflation

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This template defaults to calculating the inflation of Consumer Price Index values: staples, workers' rent, small service bills (doctor's costs, train tickets). For inflating capital expenses, government expenses, or the personal wealth and expenditure of the rich, the US-GDP or UK-GDP indexes should be used, which calculate inflation based on the gross domestic product (GDP) for the United States and United Kingdom, respectively.

Do not assume that using this template will mean that a calculated value is "current", "as of 2024", "as of 2023" or even necessarily "recent". Per MOS:REALTIME, statements made using this template should either specify an end_year, or rely on |fmt=eq or {{Inflation/year}} to automatically indicate the latest year this template provides an inflation calculation. Do not use {{CURRENTYEAR}}.

This template employs intricate features of template syntax.

You are encouraged to familiarise yourself with its setup and parser functions before editing the template. If your edit causes unexpected problems, please undo it quickly, as this template may appear on a large number of pages.
You can conduct experiments, and should test all major changes, in either , the general template sandbox, or your user space before changing anything here.

This template is used on approximately 18,000 pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them.

This template calculates inflation based on several inflation index data sets. The template uses an identification code for an inflation index (usually a country code), an original value, an original start_year and either a specific reference end_year or by default the latest currently available end year,^[1] and calculates the equivalent value from historical economic changes between the original and reference years. For example, this template calls the United States inflation table located in the sub-template Template:Inflation/US/dataset to perform the U.S. calculation.

Aside from a convenient way to calculate values from different specified time periods, this template allows a regularly automatically updated calculation of value based on the most recent available inflation data. Whenever inflation tables are updated, potentially annually, all articles using this template have their displayed values updated accordingly.

Usage[edit source]

{{Inflation|index|value|start_year}}
{{Inflation|index|value|start_year|end_year}}
{{Inflation|index|value|start_year|r=decimals|fmt=c}}
{{Inflation|index|value|start_year|r=decimals|fmt=eq}}
{{Inflation|index|value|start_year|r=decimals|fmt=eq|cursign=X}}

The supported countries are listed below, with their index and available data periods:

`index`	Country	`start_year` minimum	`end_year` maximum
AU	Australia^[2]	1901	2018
AU-road	Australia [...?]^[3]	1998	2018
BD	Bangladesh^[4]	1986	2014
CA	Canada^[5]	1914	2018
DE	Germany^[6]	1882	2009
IN	India^[7]	1953	2019
JP	Japan^[8]	1946	2019
PH	Philippines^[9]	1985	2019
PK	Pakistan^[10]	1960	2018
UK	United Kingdom^[11]	1209	2019
UK-GDP	United Kingdom GDP deflator^[12]	1700	2016
US	United States^[13]	1800	2019
US-GDP	United States GDP deflator^[14]	1790	2018
ZAR	South Africa^[15]	1960	2018
KRW	South Korea^[16]	1951	2017

Parameters[edit source]

|index= (parameter 1), required, an index code for one of several available inflation indexes.
|value= (parameter 2), required, original price or value from which to base the inflation calculation on. Will ignore any commas, but must not have a currency symbol.
|start_year= (parameter 3), required, original year from which to base the inflation calculation on. Must be a year available in the chosen inflation index. As an exception to this, if the current year is specified and no end_year is specified, the template will output value unchanged, as it can be assumed an inflation of zero.
|end_year= (parameter 4), optional, reference year for which to calculate inflation. Must be higher (later) than start_year, but not higher than the highest (most recent) year available in the chosen inflation index, and will default to the highest (most recent) available year if omitted.
|r=digit sets the digits to which the value must be rounded. A negative value indicates rounding to an upper significant digit, and a positive value indicates a fractional digit including trailing zeros. Defaults to 0, i.e., without cents.
|fmt=c will insert thousands separator commas into the calculated value.
|fmt=eq will show an equivalent-to phrase, in the format, "equivalent to cursignend_value in end_year". Uses thousands separator commas.
- |cursign= will set the currency symbol to be shown. Only functions when |fmt=eq is used. Can use advanced symbol formats, but can only precede the calculated value. Default is $.

Examples[edit source]

Y {{Inflation|DE|100|2000}} → 60
Y {{Inflation|US|595|1982}} → 1576
Y {{Inflation|US|595|1982|fmt=eq}} → equivalent to $1,576 in 2019
Y {{Inflation|US|800|1942|fmt=eq|r=-3}} → equivalent to $13,000 in 2019
Y {{Inflation|US|100|2010|2012|fmt=eq|r=2}} → equivalent to $105.28 in 2012
Y US$595 ({{Inflation|US|595|1982|fmt=eq}}) → US$595 (equivalent to $1,576 in 2019)
Y US$595 ({{Inflation|US|595|1982|fmt=eq|cursign=[[United States dollar|US$]]}}) → US$595 (equivalent to US$1,576 in 2019)
Y $21 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|21|2005|r=2}} million in {{Inflation/year|US}}) → $21 million (equivalent to $27.49 million in 2019)
Y {{Inflation|UK|1|1209}} → equivalent to £1,384 in 2019
Y {{Inflation|AU|100|2024|fmt=eq}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=AU (parameter 1) not a recognized index.
Y ${{Inflation|US|100|2024}} in {{Inflation/year|US}} → $100 in 2019

It is possible to use the template in incorrect ways without producing error messages. Please read the warnings and appropriate uses of this template at the beginning of the template description.

N {{Inflation|UK|10|1971|fmt=eq}} → equivalent to $139 in 2019 (Omitting the |cursign= parameter will show the $ symbol by default, which is the wrong currency symbol for British currency)
Y {{Inflation|UK|10|1971|fmt=eq|cursign=£}} → equivalent to £139 in 2019
N $595 (${{Inflation|US|595|1982|fmt=c}} today) → $595 ($1,576 today) (Misleading time reference)
N $595 (${{Inflation|US|595|1982|fmt=c}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}) → $595 ($1,576 in 2024) (Misleading time reference)
N $100 (${{Inflation|US|595|1982|fmt=c}} adjusted for inflation) → $100 ($1,576 adjusted for inflation) (Misleading time reference)
Y $595 ({{Inflation|US|595|1982|fmt=eq}}) → $595 (equivalent to $1,576 in 2019)
Y $595 (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|595|1982|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}) → $595 (equivalent to $1,576 in 2019)
N Jane Doe amassed a fortune of $1 billion in 1975, making her worth ${{Inflation|US|1|1975|fmt=c}} billion in {{Inflation/year|US}}. → Jane Doe amassed a fortune of $1 billion in 1975, making her worth $5 billion in 2019. (CPI is not for personal wealth of the wealthy – use GDP deflator instead)
N Jane Doe amassed a fortune of $1 billion in 1975, equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1|1975|fmt=c}} billion in {{Inflation/year|US}}. → Jane Doe amassed a fortune of $1 billion in 1975, equivalent to $5 billion in 2019. (CPI is not for personal wealth of the wealthy – use GDP deflator instead)
Y Jane Doe amassed a fortune of $1 billion in 1975, equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|1|1975|fmt=c}} billion in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}. → Jane Doe amassed a fortune of $1 billion in 1975, equivalent to $4 billion in 2018

Entering invalid parameters or omitting required parameters will result in an error message and categorization into Category:Pages with errors in inflation template.

N {{Inflation}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index= (parameter 1), |value= (parameter 2) and |start_year= (parameter 3) must be specified.
N {{Inflation|abc}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |value= (parameter 2) and |start_year= (parameter 3) must be specified.
N {{Inflation|AU}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |value= (parameter 2) and |start_year= (parameter 3) must be specified.
N {{Inflation|AU|100}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |start_year= (parameter 3) must be specified.
N {{Inflation|abc|€100|1980}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=abc (parameter 1) not a recognized index.
N {{Inflation|DE|€100|1980}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: NaN, check parameters for non-numeric data: |value=€100 (parameter 2).
N {{Inflation|DE|€100|zzzz|zzzz|r=zzzz}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: NaN, check parameters for non-numeric data: |value=€100 (parameter 2), |start_year=zzzz (parameter 3), |end_year=zzzz (parameter 4) and |r=zzzz.
N {{Inflation|AU|100|1200|2025}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=AU (parameter 1) not a recognized index.
N {{Inflation|AU|100|2005|2004}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=AU (parameter 1) not a recognized index.
N {{Inflation|AU|100|2005|2025|fmt=eq}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=AU (parameter 1) not a recognized index.
N {{Inflation|AU|100|2024|2025|fmt=eq}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=AU (parameter 1) not a recognized index.
N {{Inflation|AU|100|2024|1905|fmt=eq}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=AU (parameter 1) not a recognized index.
N {{Inflation|AU|100|2025|fmt=eq}} → Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=AU (parameter 1) not a recognized index.

Tips & tricks[edit source]

Currency conversion[edit source]

This template is currency agnostic, which means it doesn't convert between different currencies. Thus, if you wanted to know how much DM 1,000.00 marks in 1960 are worth nowadays, entering {{Inflation|DE|1000|1960|r=2}} would provide a result (2069.05) still in marks, not in euros.

Consequently, if you need a result in another currency than the one in which the original value is stated, for now you must do the conversion manually, as in the following example which uses the defined conversion rate of € 1 = DM 1.95583:

Y {{#expr:({{Inflation|DE|1000|1960|r=2}} / 1.95583) round 2}} → 1057.89

ToDo A currency conversion template to ease these conversion tasks is planned. This section will be updated accordingly once it's developed.

Rounding[edit source]

By default the values are calculated to the unit, as for all but very low values cents are undesirable. You can specify rounding with the |r= parameter which determines the number of decimals. To obtain cents use |r=2, but other values can be used, including negative ones: |r=-3, for example, will round to the nearest thousand, |r=-6 to the nearest million, and so on. It is advisable to avoid excessive precision; even if the start value is known to be exact, the template's result will not be because the inflation index tables are rarely accurate to more than about 1%, and a granularity of whole years is used.

Very large results[edit source]

Very large results are expressed in scientific notation ("1.2E+14" instead of "120000000000000") which is normally not desirable. A workaround is to express the value to be inflated with fewer digits, adding a multiplier text such as "trillion" after the result, using the "Show preview" button as many times as needed, changing parameters until the best result is found:

Y ${{Inflation|US-GDP|1000000000000|1900|r=-11|fmt=c}} → $25,500,000,000,000
N ${{Inflation|US-GDP|10000000000000|1900|r=-12|fmt=c}} → $255,000,000,000,000
N ${{Inflation|US-GDP|10000000000|1900|r=-9|fmt=c}} thousand → $255,000,000,000 thousand
Y ${{Inflation|US-GDP|10000000|1900|r=-6|fmt=c}} million → $255,000,000 million
Y ${{Inflation|US-GDP|10000|1900|r=-3|fmt=c}} billion → $255,000 billion
Y ${{Inflation|US-GDP|10|1900|fmt=c}} trillion → $255 trillion

The following section provides an automated way of avoiding this trial and error scenario.

Format price[edit source]

{{Format price}} is a template specifically designed to display price values, both big and small, in a readable way. For example, instead of showing the whole of a huge number such as "953,783,409,856.12", it would show it as "954 billion", while small numbers have their cents part appearing as expected, "1234.5" being properly shown as "1.23 thousand".

Y ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|10000000000000|1900}}}} → $255 trillion
Y ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|1000000|1990}}}} → $1.73 million
Y DM {{Format price|{{Inflation|DE|1000000|1957|1978}}}} → DM 2.01 million
Y £{{Format price|{{Inflation|UK-GDP|1000|1323}}}} → £646 thousand

Documenting[edit source]

It's a good practice to provide a valid reference for the prices calculated with this template in articles where it's used. The template {{Inflation/fn}} was developed to ease this task. It accepts as its single parameter the same country codes used here, and will generate one or more appropriate footnotes. Typically, this is how a piece of text using it looks like:

In 1985 a unit cost on average $1,040. This is {{Inflation|US|1040|1985|fmt=eq}}}}.{{Inflation/fn|US}}

Resulting in this converted code (notice the footnote link at the end):

In 1985 a unit cost on average $1,040. This is equivalent to $2,472 in 2019.^[13]

The footnote thus generated appears whenever {{reflist}} or <references /> is used in an article, usually in its "References" section. See below for the live example in this document's own References section, or click the above generated footnote to jump to it.

Limitations[edit source]

Currently it isn't possible to "de-inflate" a value to what it would have been in a previous year. If you need this functionality, please request it at the talk page. Adding it won't be difficult, but there's no point in doing so before someone actually needs it.
Substitution isn't supported at all. Trying to {{subst:Inflation|...}} would only result in a long sequence of embedded parser code without any direct benefit. If you need to obtain an inflated price only once, please use the special ExpandTemplates page then copy the result and paste it at the desired location.

Developer documentation[edit source]

An inflation series represents templates in the following categories:

Template:Inflation/index
Template:Inflation/index/dataset
Template:Inflation/index/startyear
Template:Inflation/doc/index (Which is then displayed at Inflation/name/dataset as the documentation, and needs to refer to the original data source)

Modifications need to be made to:

Current subpages:

In this templatespace:

Template:

Inflation

Template talk:

TemplateData[edit source]

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template in articles based on this TemplateData.

TemplateData for Inflation

This template calculates inflation based on several inflation index data sets. Note that this template defaults to calculating the inflation of Consumer Price Index values: staples, workers' rent, small service bills (doctor's costs, train tickets). For inflating capital expenses, government expenses, or the personal wealth and expenditure of the rich, the US-GDP or UK-GDP indexes should be used, which calculate inflation based on the [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) for the [[United States]] and [[United Kingdom]], respectively.

Template parameters[Edit template data]
This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.
Parameter		Description	Type	Status
Index	`index` `1`	An index code for one of several available inflation indexes. One of AU, AU-road, BD, CA, DE, IN, JP, PH, PK, UK, UK-GDP, US, US-GDP, ZAR. Example US	String	required
Value	`value` `2`	Original price or value from which to base the inflation calculation on. Will ignore any commas. Example 1000	Number	required
Start year	`start_year` `3`	Original year from which to base the inflation calculation on. Must be a year available in the chosen inflation index. As an exception to this, if the current year is specified and no 'End year' is specified, the template will output value unchanged, as it can be assumed an inflation of zero. Example 1975	Number	required
End year	`end_year` `4`	Reference year for which to calculate inflation. Must be higher (later) than 'Start year', but not higher than the highest (most recent) year available in the chosen inflation index, and will default to the highest (most recent) available year if omitted. Example 2015	Number	optional
Number of digits	`r`	Sets the digits to which the value must be rounded. A negative value indicates rounding to an upper significant digit, and a positive value indicates a fractional digit including trailing zeros. Defaults to 0. Default 0 Example 1	Number	optional
Format	`fmt`	"c" will insert thousands separator commas into the calculated value. "eq" will show an equivalent-to phrase, in the format, "equivalent to (cursign)(end_value) in (end_year)". Uses thousands separator commas. Example eq	String	optional
Currency sign	`cursign`	Sets the currency symbol to be shown. Only functions when Format "eq" is used. Can use advanced symbol formats, but can only precede the calculated value. Default is $. Default $ Example €	String	optional

References[edit source]

↑ How recently depends on how the data set for each country is constructed, and on the internal tables being updated accordingly every January. Some data tables provide inflation data up to December 31, 2023, others up to roughly June-July 2023, and others yet up to December 31, 2022.
↑ Australian Consumer Price Inflation figures follow the Long Term Linked Series provided in Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) 6461.0 – Consumer Price Index: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2011 as explained at §§3.10–3.11; this series comprises "from 1901 to 1914, the A Series Retail Price Index; from 1914 to 1946–47, the C Series Retail Price Index; from 1946–47 to 1948–49, a combination of the C Series Index, excluding rent, and the housing group of the CPI; and from 1948–49 onwards, the CPI." (3.10). Retrieved May 4, 2015
↑ Inflated values automatically calculated using the "3101 Road and bridge construction Australia" series provided in Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014) 6427.0 – Producer Price Indexes, Australia, Mar 2014: Table 17 Output of the Construction industries, subdivision and class index numbers. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
↑ Bangladesh – Consumer price index, International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.^{[dubious – discuss]}
↑ Canadian inflation numbers based on Statistics Canada tables 18-10-0005-01 (formerly CANSIM 326-0021) "Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted". Statistics Canada. January 18, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019. and 18-10-0004-13 "Consumer Price Index by product group, monthly, percentage change, not seasonally adjusted, Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
↑ German inflation numbers based on data available from Deutsches Statistisches Bundesamt.
↑ Historic inflation India – CPI inflation, Inflation.eu, retrieved 19 March 2020
↑ Japanese Historical Consumer Price Index numbers based on data available from the Japanese Statistics Bureau. Japan Historical Consumer Price Index (CPI) – 1970 to 2014 Retrieved 30 July 2014. For between 1946 and 1970, from "昭和戦後史". Retrieved 2015-01-24.
↑ Consumer Price Index,Inflation Rate and Purchasing Power of the Peso (national averages)
↑ Pakistan – Consumer price index, International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.^{[dubious – discuss]}
↑ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
↑ United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth "consistent series" supplied in Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2018). "What Was the U.K. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved January 1, 2020.
↑ Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2019). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved April 6, 2019. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series.
↑ South Africa – Consumer price index, International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.^{[dubious – discuss]}
↑ Consumer Price index from Statistics Korea. Consumer Price Index by year. Retrieved 3 April 2018

The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Inflation/doc.
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages.
Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.

[1] How recently depends on how the data set for each country is constructed, and on the internal tables being updated accordingly every January. Some data tables provide inflation data up to December 31, 2023, others up to roughly June-July 2023, and others yet up to December 31, 2022.

[inflation-AU-2] Australian Consumer Price Inflation figures follow the Long Term Linked Series provided in Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) 6461.0 – Consumer Price Index: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2011 as explained at §§3.10–3.11; this series comprises "from 1901 to 1914, the A Series Retail Price Index; from 1914 to 1946–47, the C Series Retail Price Index; from 1946–47 to 1948–49, a combination of the C Series Index, excluding rent, and the housing group of the CPI; and from 1948–49 onwards, the CPI." (3.10). Retrieved May 4, 2015

[inflation-AU-road-3] Inflated values automatically calculated using the "3101 Road and bridge construction Australia" series provided in Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014) 6427.0 – Producer Price Indexes, Australia, Mar 2014: Table 17 Output of the Construction industries, subdivision and class index numbers. Retrieved 14 June 2014.

[inflation-BD-4] Bangladesh – Consumer price index, International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.^{[dubious – discuss]}

[inflation-CA-5] Canadian inflation numbers based on Statistics Canada tables 18-10-0005-01 (formerly CANSIM 326-0021) "Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted". Statistics Canada. January 18, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019. and 18-10-0004-13 "Consumer Price Index by product group, monthly, percentage change, not seasonally adjusted, Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 6, 2019.

[inflation-DE-6] German inflation numbers based on data available from Deutsches Statistisches Bundesamt.

[inflation-IN-7] Historic inflation India – CPI inflation, Inflation.eu, retrieved 19 March 2020

[inflation-JP-8] Japanese Historical Consumer Price Index numbers based on data available from the Japanese Statistics Bureau. Japan Historical Consumer Price Index (CPI) – 1970 to 2014 Retrieved 30 July 2014. For between 1946 and 1970, from "昭和戦後史". Retrieved 2015-01-24.

[inflation-PH-9] Consumer Price Index,Inflation Rate and Purchasing Power of the Peso (national averages)

[inflation-PK-10] Pakistan – Consumer price index, International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.^{[dubious – discuss]}

[inflation-UK-11] UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved February 2, 2020.

[inflation-UKGDP-12] United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth "consistent series" supplied in Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2018). "What Was the U.K. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved February 2, 2020.

[inflation-US-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved January 1, 2020.

[inflation-USGDP-14] Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2019). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved April 6, 2019. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series.

[inflation-ZAR-15] South Africa – Consumer price index, International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.^{[dubious – discuss]}

[inflation-KRW-16] Consumer Price index from Statistics Korea. Consumer Price Index by year. Retrieved 3 April 2018

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Template:Inflation

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