School:Information technology/Intro
What is IT?
Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data,[1] often in the context of a business or other enterprise.[2]
The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecommunications equipment, engineering, healthcare, e-commerce and computer services.[3]
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians developed writing in about 3000 BC,[4] but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.[5]
Information Technology as an undergraduate academic discipline has been well defined by a joint publication of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) & IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS), Information Technology Curricula 2017: Curriculum Guidelines for Baccalaureate Degree Programs in Information Technology [6] and by the ABET Criteria for Accrediting Computing Programs [7].
- ↑ Daintith, John (2009), A Dictionary of Physics, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199233991, retrieved 1 August 2012 Template:Subscription required
- ↑ "Free on-line dictionary of computing (FOLDOC)". Retrieved 9 February 2013.
- ↑ Chandler, Daniel; Munday, Rod (2011), A Dictionary of Media and Communication (first ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199568758, retrieved 1 August 2012 Template:Subscription required
- ↑ Jeremy G. Butler (1997). "A History of Information Technology and Systems". University of Arizona. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
- ↑ Leavitt, Harold J.; Whisler, Thomas L. (1958). "Management in the 1980's". Harvard Business Review.
- ↑ Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) & IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS) (2017). "Information Technology Curricula 2017: Curriculum Guidelines for Baccalaureate Degree Programs in Information Technology" (PDF). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Retrieved 17 February 2018.
- ↑ ABET Computing Accreditation Commission (2017). "ABET Computing Accreditation Commission Criteria Version 2.0 for Accrediting Computing Programs". ABET. Retrieved 17 February 2018.