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Physics/Essays/Fedosin/Vacuum constants

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Vacuum constants are physical constants associated with the fields existing in the free space under high vacuum. The values of these constants can be determined from the analysis of the interaction of fields with matter. Vacuum constants come in a variety of physical equations as necessary coefficients. Because of this, great importance is the refinement of these constants in special experiments.

Basic constants

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Speed of light: [1] m/s, as exact value. It has become a defined constant in the SI system of units.

Electric constant or vacuum permittivity: [2] F/m.

Speed of gravity . It is supposed that equals to the speed of light.

Gravitational constant:

Derivative constants

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Vacuum permeability: H/m in the SI system of units.

Electromagnetic impedance of free space:

Since and have exact values the same is for impedance of free space:

Gravitoelectric gravitational constant:

Gravitomagnetic gravitational constant: , if .

Gravitational characteristic impedance of free space:

If then gravitational characteristic impedance of free space equals to: [3] [4]

Constants , , and belong to selfconsistent electromagnetic constants, and constants , , and belong to selfconsistent gravitational constants.

Vacuum constants are used for creation of natural units such as Stoney units and Planck units. For example, Stoney mass is connected with elementary charge :

The Planck mass is connected with Dirac constant :

The Stoney length and the Stoney energy, collectively called the Stoney scale, are not far from the Planck length and the Planck energy, the Planck scale.

The modernized Le Sage’s theory

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The vacuum constants in the modernized Le Sage’s theory can be expressed in terms of the parameters of the vacuum field and matter. It is assumed that the vacuum field contained in the electrogravitational vacuum consists of two components. The first component in the form of the graviton field is responsible for the emergence of gravitation, mass and inertia of bodies, and the second component in the form of the field of charged particles leads to electromagnetic interaction. [5] In this case, the main active component is assumed to be the second component in the form of flows of charged particles of the praons type. [6]

For cubic distribution of graviton fluxes in space the gravitational constant is given by the formula: [7]

where J/m3 is the energy density of the graviton field, m2 is the cross-section of interaction between gravitons and the nucleon matter, is the nucleon mass.

Similarly, for the vacuum permittivity we obtain: [8]

where J/m3 is the energy density of the field of charged particles, m2 is the cross-section of interaction between the charged particles of the vacuum and the nucleon matter, close to the proton cross-section, is the elementary charge.

Estimation of the concentration of charged particles as the concentration of relativistically moving praons gives the value m–3.

The strong gravitational constant is also related to the vacuum field:

m3•s–2•kg–1.

In the modernized Le Sage’s model it is assumed that gravitons for the ordinary gravitation are the particles of the praon level of matter, located two levels below the level of stars, which acquired their energy in the relativistic processes near nucleons. The strong gravitation is acting at the level of nucleons, and reasoning by analogy, gravitons for the strong gravitation should be the particles of the graon level of matter, which acquired their energy in the processes near praons. Gravitons can be both neutral particles, such as neutrinos and photons, and relativistic charged particles, similar in their properties to cosmic rays. The effective mass of all these particles is their relativistic mass-energy with regard to the large Lorentz factor. In particular, gravitons of the ordinary gravitation can be praons, accelerated by the strong fields near nucleons almost to the speed of light.

References

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  1. CODATA value: Speed of Light in Vacuum. The NIST reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST.
  2. Latest (2010) values of the constants [1]
  3. J. D. Kraus, IEEE Antennas and Propagation. Magazine 33, 21 (1991).
  4. Raymond Y. Chiao. "New directions for gravitational wave physics via “Millikan oil drops”, arXiv:gr-qc/0610146v16 (2007).PDF
  5. Fedosin S.G. The Force Vacuum Field as an Alternative to the Ether and Quantum Vacuum. WSEAS Transactions on Applied and Theoretical Mechanics, ISSN / E-ISSN: 1991-8747 / 2224-3429, Volume 10, Art. #3, pp. 31-38 (2015).
  6. Fedosin S.G. On the structure of the force field in electro gravitational vacuum. Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 5125-5131 (2021). http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4515206.
  7. Fedosin S.G. The graviton field as the source of mass and gravitational force in the modernized Le Sage’s model. Physical Science International Journal, ISSN: 2348-0130, Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 1-18 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/PSIJ/2015/22197.
  8. Fedosin S.G. The charged component of the vacuum field as the source of electric force in the modernized Le Sage’s model. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 971-1020 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i3.18, https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.845357.
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