Spanish 1/Health

Chapter 7 (Health - salud)

Food terms

cena - dinner
bistec - beef
carne - meat
pescado - fish
pollo - chicken
cebolla - onion
guisantes - peas
judías (frijoles) verdes - green beans
lechuga - lettuce
papas - potatoes
tomates - tomatoes
uvas - grapes
zanahorias - carrots

Food pyramid examples (pirámide alimenticia)

arroz - rice
cereales - grains
espaguetis - spaghetti
grasas - fats
mantequilla - butter
helado - ice cream
pasteles - pastries
bebidas - beverages

Useful phrases

Tengo hambre. - I'm hungry.
Tengo sed. - I'm thirsty.

Verbs and health-related phrases

caminar - to walk
hacer ejercicio - to exercise
hago - I do
haces - you do
levantar pesas - to lift weights
para la salud - for one's health
para mantener la salud - to maintain one's health

Words to express thought

preferir - To prefer
prefiero - I prefer
prefieres - you prefer
prefiere - he / she / you prefer(s)
preferimos - we prefer
prefieren - they / you all prefer

deber - must
creer - to believe (use more closely to think)
Creo que ... - I believe ...
Creo que sí. - I believe so.
Creo que no. - I don't think so (or I don't believe so).
Pensar - pienso que... - I think (another way is to use pensar = to think)
Estoy de acuerdo. - I agree.
No estoy de acuerdo. - I don't agree.

To say a question and answer

¿Por qué? - Why?
porque - because

Words to describe something

algo - something
muchos(as) - many
todos(as) - all
horrible - horrible
malo(a) - bad
sabroso(a) - tasty, flavorful

Other words

cada día - everyday todos los días

Grammar: Singular & Plural Adjectives

In Spanish, the adjective always comes after the noun and has to agree with the number of things being described.

sabroso/sabrosos - tasty, flavorful (masculine; singular/plural)
sabrosa/sabrosas - tasty, flavorful (feminine; singular/plural)
popular/populares - popular (masculine & feminine; singular/plural)

Example: La cereza es sabrosa. - singular

Las cerezas son sabrosas. - plural

Ser (to be)

The verb ser in Spanish also means "to be." Ser vs estar is one of the most difficult things to learn for a native English speaker learning Spanish. "Estar" is used to tell the geographic location, state or condition, most idiomatic expressions, and progressive tenses. Examples of when ser is used are: time, place of origin, essential characteristic, taking place, occupation, nationally, affiliation, possession, qualities, and relationship.

soy - I am
eres - you are (singular)
es - he/she is
somos - we are
sois - you are (plural)
son - they are

Note: Remember that usted (Ud.) and ustedes (Uds.) are always conjugated in 3rd person form.

Etc.

soda - casual restaurant (Costa Rica)
refresco - drink or refreshment

Note: Soda is also used rarely in the United States and Panama to refer to a casual Costa Rican restaurant.

Vocabulario adicional

apio - celery
bróculi/brócoli - broccoli
calabaza - pumpkin
champiñón/hongo - mushroom
repollo - cabbage
coliflor - califlower
espárragos - asparagus
espinacas - spinach
maíz - corn
pepino - cucumber
verdura - vegetable
chuleta de cerdo - pork chop
cordero - lamb
ternera - veal
condimento - condiment
salsa de tomate - ketchup
mostaza - mustard
mayonesa - mayonaise
salsa tártara - tartar sauce
salsa de soja/soya - soy sauce
fideos - noodles

Cultural Insight (Meals in Spanish-speaking counries)

In Spanish-speaking countries, mealtimes are more relaxed than in the United States. People will usually sit down with friends and family and socialize. Drive-thrus in restaurants are less common than in other countries and many cars don't have cupholders.

Country Focus (Guatemala)

Guatemala (Spanish: Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast.

A representative democracy, its capital is Guatemala City. The nation has been stable since 1996 and has been in a state of continuous development and economic growth. Guatemala's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot.

The Classic period of Mesoamerican civilization corresponds to the height of the Maya civilization, and is represented by countless sites throughout Guatemala, although the largest concentration is in Petén. This period is characterized by heavy city-building, the development of independent city-states, and contact with other Mesoamerican cultures. This lasted until

around 900 AD, when the Classic Maya civilization collapsed. The Maya abandoned many of the cities of the central lowlands or were killed off by a drought-induced famine. Scientists debate the cause of the Classic Maya Collapse, but gaining currency is the Drought Theory discovered by physical scientists studying lakebeds, ancient pollen, and other tangible evidence.

A temple in Tikal, one of the great Mayan cities.

Guatemalan culture is mainly expressed through literature, music, and art.

Factbox:

-Official Language: Spanish

-Other Languages: Quiché, Mayan languages

-Capital: Guatemala City (Ciudad de Guatemala)

-Government: Democracy

-Area: 108,889 sq km (42,042 sq mi) (108th)

-Population: 13,276,517 (July 2009) (68th)

-Religion: Christianity (Catholic 50%, Protestant 40%) 90%, Traditional beliefs 1%, Buddhism 0.1%, other (Non-religious, Islam, Judaism) 8.9%

-Human Development: 0.704 (122nd, MEDIUM)

-Independence: September 15, 1821

-Currency: Quetzal