Spanish 1/Food & Drink

Chapter 6 (Food & Drink)(Comidas y bebidas)

Breakfast / El desayuno

desayuno - breakfast
para el desayuno - for breakfast
cereales - cereal
huevos - eggs
pan - bread
pan dulce - sweet bread
tostadas - toast
mantequilla - butter
plátano - banana
salchicha - sausage
tocino - bacon
yogur - yogurt
papas - potatoes
aguacate - avocado
queso - cheese
queso crema - cream cheese

Lunch / El almuerzo

para el almuerzo - for lunch
ensalada - salad
ensalada de frutas - fruit salad
galletas dulces - cookies
galletas saladas - crackers
hamburguesa - hamburger
jamón - ham
fresas - strawberries
manzana - apple
naranja - orange
bistec - steak
papas fritas - french fries
perro caliente - hot dog
pizza - pizza
queso - cheese
sándwich/emparedado - sandwich
sándwich de jamón y queso - ham and cheese sandwich
tarta - cake
bocadillo - sandwich
sopa de verduras - vegetable soup
arroz - rice

Drinks

bebidas - drinks
agua - water
cerveza - beer
vino - wine
café - coffee
zumo de manzana - apple juice
zumo de naranja - orange juice
leche - milk
limonada - lemonade
refresco - soft drink
té - tea
té (frío) helado - iced tea
ponche de frutas - fruit punch
chocolate caliente - hot chocolate
coca cola - Coca Cola

Dining terms

beber - to drink
comer - to eat
comida - food, meal
compartir - to share
nunca - never
siempre - always
todos los días - everyday

Expressing desire and preference

Me/te encanta el/la ... - I/you love ... (singular)
Me/te encantan los/las ... - I/you love ... (plural)
Me/te gusta el/la ... - I/you like ... (singular)
Me/te gustan los/las ... - I/you like ... (plural)

Note: Use the plural forms when you talk about more than one thing, for example, Me gustan las papas fritas. An example of a singular sentence is, Me gusta la manzana.

Preferir (to prefer)

Preferir changes form a little differently than other -ir verbs. In preferir, the second e changes to ie, except in the nosotros(as) and vosotros(as) forms. Below is the conjugation for preferir:

prefiero - I prefer
prefieres - you prefer (singular)
prefiere - he/she prefers
preferimos - we prefer
preferís - you prefer (plural)
prefieren - they prefer

Note: Remember? Usted & ustedes conjugate in the 3rd person form.

Querer (to want)

Querer changes form a little differently than other -er verbs. In querer, the first e changes to ie, except in the nosotros(as) and vosotros(as) forms. Below is the conjugation for querer:

quiero - I want
quieres - you want (singular)
quiere - he/she wants
queremos - we want
queréis - you want (plural)
quieren - they want

Other terms

comprender - to understand
con - with
¿Cuál? - Which?, What? (specific)
más o menos - more or less
por supuesto - of course
¡Qué asco! - How awful!
sin - without
¿Verdad? - Right?

Food items & Vegetables (vegetales)

azúcar - sugar
sal - salt
pimienta - pepper
ajo - garlic
cebolla - onion
lechuga - lettuce
tomate - tomato
pepinos - cucumbers
pimentón/pimientos - peppers
zanahorias - carrots
apio - celery
rábano - radish
remolachas - beets
berenjena - eggplant
calabacín - zucchini
frijoles - beans

Conjugating -er and -ir verbs

As with -ar verbs, conjugating -er and -ir verbs requires correct pronoun usage.

Below is a list of the conjugation forms for -er and -ir verbs.

-er:

-yo: -o

-tú: -es

-usted (Ud.), él, ella: -e

-nosotros/nosotras: -emos

-vosotros/vosotras: -éis

-ustedes (Uds.), ellos, ellas: -en

An example of an -er conjugation is comer (to eat):

como - I eat
comes - you eat (singular)
come - he/she eats
comemos - we eat
coméis - you eat (plural)
comen - they eat

-ir:

-yo: -o

-tú: -es

-usted (Ud.), él, ella: -e

-nosotros/nosotras: -imos

-vosotros/vosotras: -ís

-ustedes (Uds.), ellos, ellas: -en

An example of an -ir conjugation is compartir (to share):

comparto - I share
compartes - you share (singular)
comparte - he/she shares
compartimos - we share
compartís - you share (plural)
comparten - they share

Note: The nosotros(as) and vosotros(as) endings are different. Remember that usted and ustedes are conjugated in the 3rd person form.

Remember the -ar conjugation?

-yo: -o

-tú: -as

-usted (Ud.), él, ella: -a

-nosotros/nosotras: -amos

-vosotros/vosotras: -áis

-ustedes (Uds.), ellos, ellas: -an

tocar - to play (an instrument)

toco - I play (an instrument)
tocas - you play (an instrument/singular)
toca - he/she plays (an instrument)
tocamos - we play (an instrument)
tocáis - you play (an instrument/plural)
tocan - they play (an instrument)

Other words

churro - churro
chocolate - chocolate
crema de cacahuates - peanut butter
mantequilla de maní - peanut butter
pan dulce - breakfast pastry (referred to pastries served at Spanish-speaking style bakeries)
panqueque - pancake
postre - dessert

Frutas (fruits)

manzana - apples
cereza - cherry
ciruela - plum
coco - coconut
durazno - peach
frambuesa - raspberry
fresas - strawberries
arándanos - blueberries
limón - lemon
melón - melon
pera - pear
sandía - watermelon
toronja - grapefruit
naranjas - oranges
uvas - grapes
papaya - papaya
mango - mango
piña - pineapple
frutas - fruits

Carnes (meats)

carne de res - beef
bistec - steak
pollo - chicken
cerdo - pork
pescado - fish
cangrejo - crab
camarones - shrimp
almeja - clam
mejillón/mejillones - mussel/mussels
cordero - lamb
chivo - goat
barbacoa - BBQ
langosta - lobster
venado - venison
marisco - seafood

Cultural Insight (Churros y Chocolate)

In many Spanish-speaking nations, a type of doughnut called churro is served in streetcarts or restaurants. Churro are typically fried to a crunchy consistency. Their surface is ridged due to being piped from a churrera, a syringe with a star-shaped nozzle. Churros are generally prisms in shape, and may be straight, curled or spirally twisted.

Like pretzels, churros are often sold by street vendors who in many cases will fry them freshly on the street stand and sell them hot. In Spanish-speaking countries, they are available in cafes for breakfast, although they may be found throughout the day and night as a snack. Specialized churrerías can be found as street shops or as towable wagons.

Usually, a form of hot chocolate, chocolate caliente is served with churros, it consists of ground chocolate mixed with hot milk and water and crushed almonds.

Country Focus (El Salvador)

El Salvador (Spanish: El Salvador) is a country in Central America. The area was originally called by the Pipil "Cuzhcatl", in Spanish "Cuzcatlan", which in Nahuatl means "the land of precious things."

In the early sixteenth century, the Spanish conquistadors ventured into ports to extend their dominion to the area that would be known as El Salvador. They were firmly resisted by the Pipil and their remaining Mayan-speaking neighbors. Pedro de Alvarado, a lieutenant of Hernán Cortés, led the first effort by Spanish forces in June 1524.

The economy, based on coffee-growing after the mid-19th century, as the world market for indigo withered away, prospered or suffered as the world coffee price fluctuated. From 1931—the year of the coup in which Gen. Maximiliano Hernández Martínez came to power until he was deposed in 1944 there was brutal suppression of rural resistance. Since 1989 the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) party, founded by Roberto D'Aubuisson, has won every presidential election.

The country borders the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras. With a population of approximately 5.8 million people, it is the most densely populated nation in Central America and is undergoing rapid industrialization. The Roman Catholic Church plays an important role in the Salvadoran culture.

Factbox:

-Official Language: Spanish

-Other Languages: Native American languages

-Capital: San Salvador

-Government: Democracy

-Area: 21,041 sq km (8,124 sq mi) (153rd)

-Population: 6,134,000 (July 2009) (99th)

-Religion: Christianity (mostly Catholic) 81.9%, Buddhism 0.1%, other (Non-religious, Animism, Islam, Judaism) 10%

-Human Development: 0.747 (106th, MEDIUM)

-Independence: September 15, 1821

-Currency: U.S. Dollar