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Pauli matrices/Qubit

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quantum bit [1]

n. The smallest unit of information in a computer designed to manipulate or store information through effects predicted by quantum physics. Unlike bits in classical systems, a quantum bit has more than two possible states: a state labeled 0, a state labeled 1, and a combination of the two states that obeys the superposition principle.

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  1. http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=quantum%20bit