Indus Script
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shiva_Pashupati.jpg/220px-Shiva_Pashupati.jpg)
Welcome to Indus Script.
A collaborative project to decipher the Indus script.
Dravidian is the prime candidate for the elite language of the Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), known in Mesopotamia as Meluḫḫa.
Traces of the Meluhhan language are attested as loan words in Mesopotamia, including words for IVC imports such as pīlu (ivory) and eḷḷu (sesame oil), cognates with Dravidian.[1][2] Dravidian loan words are also found in the Rig Veda, which was composed in north west India circa 1500-1000 BCE.[3]
The word Meluḫḫa (also pronounced melukhkha) is possibly cognate with the words mleccha and milakkha, words initially used by Indo-Aryan speakers to refer to foreign speech. Later literature explicitly relates milakkha languages with Dravidian languages such as Tamil.
Following the pioneering works of Steven Bonta and Bahata Ansumali Mukhopadhyay, the Indus Script is unlikely to encode normal human language, and most probably encodes metrology related information. Readers are recommended to familiarise themselves with the works of both these scholars.
Despite this, individual symbols are still likely to have linguistic meaning. This project aims to collate all plausible meanings of the various Indus symbols and to correlate them with known Dravidian words.
Link to full corpus of symbols
Project coordinator - Dr. Karan Damodaram Pillai (School of Oriental and African Studies).
Asko Parpola (Deciphering the Indus Script) sign list
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kāvaṭi - 3 legged variant |
See sign 1. |
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Sign 1 + Sign 189 combined (kāvaṭi + arrow) |
See signs 1 and 189. |
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Sign 1 + Sign 311 combined (kāvaṭi + jar) |
See signs 1 and 311. |
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Kaṇṭaṉ/kaṇṭi (Warrior/Buffalo bull) DEDR 1173 (1) kaṇṭaṉ (p. 111) kaṇṭaṉ 1173 Ta. kaṇṭaṉ warrior, husband; kaṇṭi buffalo bull; kaṇavaṉ husband; keṇṭaṉ robust, stout man; kiṇṭaṉ fat man, strong person. Ma. kaṇṭan the male, esp. of cat; kaṇavan husband; kiṇṭan big; a stout, bulky fellow; kiṇṭappan a stout and robust person. Ko. gaṇḍ male. To. koḍṇ Badaga husband. Ka. gaṇḍu strength, manliness, bravery; the male sex, a male, man; gaṇḍa a strong, manly male person, a husband; strength, greatness; gaṇḍasa, gaṇḍasu, gaṇḍusa, gaṇḍusu male person; gaṇḍike prowess; gaṇḍiga a valiant man; (Hav.) geṇḍã husband; geṇḍu male. Koḍ. kaṇḍë male (of dogs and other animals, mostly wild; not of cats). Tu. gaṇḍu male, valiant, stout; gaṇḍusu husband; gaṇḍůkāyi, gaṇḍůstana, gaṇḍastana manliness; garṇḍāḷů a stalwart man, giant; kaṇḍaṇi, kaṇḍaṇye husband; gaṇṭè, gaṇṭapuccè male cat; (Bhattacharya, brahmin dial.) kaṇṭe id. Te. gaṇḍu bravery, strength, the male of the lower animals; gaṇḍũḍu, gaṇḍãḍu a brave, strong man; gaṇḍ-āḍu to copulate. Nk. gaṛek (pl. -er) man, male. Malt. geṇḍa male. / Cf. Skt. (lex.) gaṇḍa-, gaṇḍīra- hero. DED(S) 986. Compare with Nīlakaṇṭha (Sanskrit) an alias of Shiva. This deity has been identified convincingly by Iravatham Mahadevan as Proto-Shiva.[6] kompaṉ n. id. [M. kom-pan.] 1. Tusked or horned animal; கொம்புள்ளவிலங்கு. 2. Clever man, used ironically; |
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Crab, Pincers, Seize |
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Crop, Wheat, Ear of Grain |
Wheat was the staple crop in IVC. *Kōlum - PDr[7] 1906 Konḍa kūli paddy. Pe. kūli id. Manḍ. kūli id. Kui kūḍi grain, paddy, seed. Kuwi (Su. P. F. S.) kūli paddy. ? Ta. kūlam grains, esp. of 18 kinds, viz. nel, pul, etc. ? Br. xōlum wheat (or with DBIA 123, < Skt. godhūma-). (Ta. Br., comm. by Kamaleswaran.) DEDS(N) 278. 1194 Ta. katir ear of grain, spear of grass. Ma. katir ear, spike of corn; katirkka to shoot into ears; katirppu a sprout, shoot. Ka. kadir spike of corn, ear. Koḍ. kadï ear (of paddy, wheat, etc.). Tu. kadirů ear of corn; kadpu ear of ripened corn. DED 1002. |
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Weight, Metrology |
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Hoe |
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Volume |
SUCESSFULLY DECIPHERED. Combination of `V' signs and linear strokes were used to indicate volumes.[8] |
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Inner place,
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This symbol is noted to be the alpha of the Indus script. It is the most common initial sign in Indus texts, and often precedes the ' marker suggesting that it may be a centre of authority. The word Akam in Dravidian covers both meanings of inner place and heart. 'Akattiyar' (trans. Respected person from Akam/respected householder) is a name for both a Rig Vedic sage, and the mythical learned leader of the Velir who migrated to Tamilakam from Dvārakā, Indus Valley Civilisation in the protohistoric period. Akattiyar is also noted to be the mythical father of Tamil language which is directly descended from Indus Dravidian. 1) akam (p. 3) akam 7 Ta. akam inside, house, place, agricultural tract, breast, mind; akattāṉ one who is in, householder; ōr-akatti, ōr-akattāḷ husband's brother's wife [i.e. she who is in one and the same house with oneself]; akakkār̤, akaṅkār̤ heart of a tree; akaṅkai, aṅkaipalm of the hand; aka-ppaṭu to be included, be obtained; akaṭu interior, belly, middle, impartiality; akaṇi inside, interior, agricultural tract; akappu depth (or with 11 Ta. akar̤); akampu inside; akal inner part of town or village; akavai inside, age within a certain limit: a locative ending; akalam breast; ākam body, breast, mind, heart; āyam secret. Ma. akam inside, abode, house, room; akattu within, in the house; akattān master of the house; akattāḷ mistress of the house; akattōn indoor servant; fem. akattōḷ; akaṅkai palm of hand; akaṅkāl sole of foot; akā, akāyi inside of house, room; akaṭu, akiṭu udder; aka-ppeṭuka, āppeṭuka to get into, be caught, befall; akappeṭukka to catch. Ko. aŋga·linstep. To. o·poṛ- (o·poṭ-) to be caught, be got; o·poṛc- (o·poṛč-) to catch, get; wïrxity husband's brother's wife. Ka. ōragitti, vāragitti id.; aṅ-gāl sole of the foot; aṅ-gey palm of the hand; āge, āga in, into; āya the inside, privacy, secret, private parts, a vital part of the body, particulars, details, a part of the body, the breast. Koḍ. aŋgay palm of hand; aŋga·lï sole of foot. Tu. aṅgārů sole of the foot; aṅgai palm of the hand. Te.agapaḍu to appear, be observed, perceived; akku the breast or chest; āyamu a vital part of the body, private parts. Kol. opaḍ- (opaṭ-) to be found, met, (fish) are caught; oparip- (opaript-) to find. Nk. ōbaṛ- (ōbaṭ-) to be got. ? Go. (Mu.) akna (pl. -ŋ) room of a house (Voc. 8). DED (N) 8, 888. INDO-ARYAN 49 agaru m.n. ʻ fragrant Aloe -- tree and wood, Aquilaria agallocha ʼ lex., aguru -- R. [← Drav. Mayrhofer EWA i 17 with lit.] Pa. agalu -- , aggalu -- m., akalu -- m. ʻ a partic. ointment ʼ; Pk. agaru -- , agaluya -- , agaru(a) -- m.n. ʻ Aloe -- tree and wood ʼ; K. agara -- kāth ʻ sandal -- wood ʼ; S. agaru m. ʻ aloe ʼ, P. N. agar m., A. B. agaru, Or. agarū, H. agar, agur m.; G. agar, agru n. ʻ aloe or sandal -- wood ʼ; M. agar m.n. ʻ aloe ʼ, Si. ayal (agil ← Tam. akil). 50 agásti m. ʻ the tree Agasti grandiflorum ʼ Suśr. [← Drav. Burrow BSOAS 12, 365; Agásti -- m. ʻ nom. prop. ʼ perh. from this, Mayrhofer EWA I 17] Pk. agatthi -- , ˚iya -- m. ʻ a partic. tree ʼ; H. agtī, aktī f. ʻ the tree Sesbana or Aeschynomene grandiflora ʼ; G. agthiyɔ m. ʻ a partic. tree ʼ. 51 ágāt ʻ has come ʼ RV. [√gā] Kho. aii, hai pret. of gīk ʻ to come ʼ, see gāˊti. apāˊgāt, vyágāt. 52 agāra n. ʻ house ʼ ĀśvGr̥., āgāra -- Mn. [Prob. ← Drav., Mayrhofer EWA i 17 with lit.] Pa. ā̆gāra -- , ˚aka -- n., Pk. āgāra -- , ag˚, gāra -- n. |
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References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Mukhopadhyay, Bahata Ansumali. "Ancestral Dravidian languages in Indus Civilization: ultraconserved Dravidian tooth-word reveals deep linguistic ancestry and supports genetics".
- ↑ Dravidian Etymology Dictionary, entry 854 https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/burrow_query.py?qs=eḷ,%20eṇ&searchhws=yes
- ↑ Franklin Southworth – Linguistic archaeology of south Asia (2012), Routledge. Appendix C: Selected reconstructions in PSD1
- ↑ Parpola, Asko (2015). The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization (in en). Oxford University Press. p. 353. ISBN 9780190226930. https://books.google.com/books?id=DagXCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT353.
- ↑ "Meluhha interpreter seal. Site officiel du musée du Louvre". cartelfr.louvre.fr.
- ↑ How did the ‘great god’ get a ‘blue neck’?.
- ↑ Rice in Dravidian
- ↑ Indus civilisation reveals its volumetric system.
- ↑ Words and numbers in Cuneiform.