Computer architecture
From Wikiversity
Contents |
[edit] Introduction
Discuss the notion of the modern computer as a Turing Machine in order to understand what an instruction is in the next section.
[edit] Instruction Set Architectures
Now a days, There are many electrical and electronic circuits which can do many jobs like Adding two numbers,multiplying, copying, conditionals etc.. In computers these all circuits are kept in an order and are given certain number such that they can be accessed from registers in processor. In processor they are executed. Data required for doing any job, in case of adding two numbers, is fetched either from input devices like keyboard, serial port or from memory itself. This set of circuits are called Instructon Set. The number associated with each circuit is called Opcode.
To make use of these circuits. we have to instruct processor to call certain circuit using opcode . In real world problems, we dont use just adding and moving. We use all of them for accompaingn our work. In case of adding two numbers we move our input to registers in processor and call adding opcode and move the result to certain memory unit. This can be done by giving the opcodes in an order. This is called Assembly programming. Instuctions are kept in RAM and are executed one by one by processor.
[edit] Pipelining
pipelining is basically a type of process in which every thing is organised like a production line.
[edit] Memory Hierarchies (Caches)
why memory Hierarchy? To achieve the best performance, allow memory to keep up with the processor and have a reasonable memory cost compared to other components.
[edit] Instruction Level Parallelism
[edit] See also
Computer architecture at Wikipedia.
