Talk:Motivation and emotion/Book/2025/Spirituality and resilience

Create three to six major headings tailored to the topic inbetween the standard Overview and Conclusionsections Sub-headings for these sections can also be used, but: avoid having sections with only one sub-heading provide an introductory paragraph before breaking into sub-sections

Externla links:

highly relevant resources such as podcasts and videos, news articles, and professional sites. Use sentence casing. For example:

When key words are introduced, use interwiki links to:

Wikipedia articles (e.g., "An early psychological view dreams) of dreams was provided by Sigmund Freud".)

Related book chapters* (e.g., "If you're feeling stuck, check out the chapter about writer's block".)

Figures

Use figures to illustrate concepts, add interest, and to serve as examples Figures can show photos, diagrams, graphs, video, audio, etcetera Embed figures throughout the chapter, starting with the scenario in the Overview section Caption figures (use Figure #. and explain the relevance of the image to the text) Images must be embedded from Wikimedia Commons Images can also be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons if they are openly licensed Cite each figure at least once in the main text (e.g., see Figure 2) Quizzes Using one or two revision questions per major section is better than a long quiz at the end

Quiz conceptual understanding, rather than trivia

The best quiz questions are about important information take-home messages

The best quiz questions are simple rather than hard Different types of quiz questions are possible; see Quiz

Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click "Submit":

{Long, complex quiz questions are a good idea:

|type="()"}

- True

+ False

{Long, complex quiz questions are a good idea: |type="()"} - True + False Tables Use to organise and summarise information Tables should be captioned Cite each table at least once in the main text (e.g., see Table 1) Example 3 x 3 tables which could be adapted

Table 1. Descriptive Caption Which Explains The Table and its Relevant to the Text - Johari Window Model

Embedded links When key words are introduced, use interwiki links to: Wikipedia articles (e.g., "An early psychological view dreams) of dreams was provided by Sigmund Freud".) Related book chapters* (e.g., "If you're feeling stuck, check out the chapter about writer's block".) Scenarios Scenarios, case studies, or examples describe concepts in action Can be real or fictional; if real, provide citations Can be split into multiple boxes throughout a chapter (e.g., to illustrate different theories or stages) Present using feature boxes

Feature boxes Highlight key content using feature boxes, but don't overuse feature boxes, otherwise they lose their effect Consider using feature boxes for: Scenarios, case studies, or examples Focus questions Tips Quiz questions Take-home messages Quiz {Long, complex quiz questions are a good idea: |type="()"} - True + False Quizzes Using one or two revision questions per major section is better than a long quiz at the end Quiz conceptual understanding, rather than trivia The best quiz questions are about important information take-home messages The best quiz questions are simple rather than hard Different types of quiz questions are possible; see Quiz Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click "Submit": why resilience matters in psychology (include link for definition) how it plays in psychology what does it affects/impact of resilience what causes it? outcomes of resilience Key citations? Wither or Thrive Model (With:Resilience) Hopson and Adams (1976)

Suggestions for this section:

Wrap the set of references in the hanging indent template:
- Use "Edit source"
- {{Hanging indent|1= the full list of references}}
Important aspects of APA referencing style
- Author surname, followed by a comma, then the author initials separated by full stops and spaces
- Year of publication in parentheses
- Title of work in lower case (except first letter and proper names), ending in a full-stop
- Journal title in italics, volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, first and last page numbers separated by an en-dash(–), followed by a full-stop
- Provide the full doi as a URL and working hyperlink
The most common mistakes include:
- Incorrect capitalisation
- Incorrect italicisation
- Citing sources that weren't read or consulted

[Psychology in Resilience and Spirituality

Dynamic Resilience Model in Spirituality

Resilience as a dynamic process (Luthar, 2000., Ungar, 2016) of positive adaptation in the face of adversity. Spirituality is seen as a key protective factor that supports adjustment, coping, and recovery in stressful contexts (Kubitza, 2023) The Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation (RM-SAA) (McCubbin, McCubbin.,1991)

Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TMSC)

(Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) – The framework examines how individuals perceive and respond to stressors in their environment. Spirituality is integrated as a coping resource that influences how stress is appraised and managed, helping individuals reframe challenges with meaning and hope (Kubitza, 2023).

Positive Psychology Framework

Traits and components found and devloped in positive psychological framworks can be seen in essence of spirituality. Intergrating these aspects together, spirituality can be identified as one of character strenghts that promotes resilience, fosters optimism and connectedness and create a sense of meaning (Kubitza, 2023).

Model of Moral Distress and Resilience

resilience theory (human capacity to adapt under moral stressors.) moral distress concepts (drawing on Jameton’s classic definition from 1984/1993: knowing the right thing to do but being unable to act on it). spirituality into its scoping review findings (how spirituality can act as a resource within distress–resilience dynamic (e.g., through reflection, meaning-making, hope, or counselling). Spirituality provides inner strength and moral grounding to navigate ethical challenges, mitigating distress and enhancing resilience (Kubitza, 2023).]

Drafting

Psychology in Spirituality

Predictive Processing Theory

Michiel, van Elka., André, Alemanb (2017) presented a theory that accounts neurocognitive basis of religion and spirituality.
The model discusses four different brain mechanisms that play a key role in religion and spirituality: including temporal brain areas, (associated with religious visions and ecstatic experiences); multisensory brain areas and the default mode network (involved in self-transcendent experiences); the Theory of Mind network (associated with prayer experiences and over attribution of intentionality); top-down mechanisms in the anterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex (possibly involved in acquiring and maintaining intuitive supernatural beliefs).

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow (1995, 1968) concept of self-actualisation emerged from distinctions between deficiency-motivated and growth-motivated needs. The concept suggets that lower needs are to be satisfied before self-actualisation can be reached.
The concept of self-actulaisation and transcendence can be interpreted through a spiritual lens, suggesting a drive for growth, purpose, and connection beyond the self (Ryff, 2021).

Worldview Psychology

Worldviews are known to be a fundamental concept in understanding an individual's psychology of how they perceived the world with factors creating influences.
Research is investigating and devleoping conceptual definition and psychometric measurement for spirituality, naturalism, and agnosticism (O. S. Holmes et al., 2021).

Intergrated spiritual practice framework Integrated Spiritual Practice Framework (ISPF) (Carrington, Ann M., 2013).

Self-Transcendence Research

Research on self-transcendence offers valuable insights into the concept's significance and practical applications:

Insightful Understanding:

Reviewing research on self-transcendence enhances comprehension of this concept. Impact on Well-Being:

Studies reveal the wide range of health conditions and life experiences linked to self-transcendence, highlighting its role in promoting well-being during challenging life circumstances. Practical Implications:

Understanding self-transcendence opens avenues for developing interventions and practices that enhance health and well-being. Opportunities for Health Promotion:

Research outcomes point towards opportunities to create and apply health-promoting strategies based on self-transcendence principles.

Resilience Build section

Enhanced coping: Positive emotions help individuals overcome stress by broadening their perspective, allowing them to move beyond immediate threats and see more options for coping.

Resource building: Resilience is a key psychological resource built through positive emotions, enabling people to better manage and recover from difficulties. How? Cultivate positive emotions: Actively engage in activities that promote positive feelings, such as mindfulness or other forms of loving-kindness meditation. Create supportive environments: In settings like the workplace or home, foster atmospheres that encourage positive emotions and provide the resources for people to develop their skills. Focus on growth: Recognize that positive emotions transform individuals, promoting growth, social integration, and a greater sense of purpose and well-being.

1. Enhanced Coping ↔ Cultivate Positive Emotions

Positive emotions broaden perspective, making it easier to cope with stress and adversity.

Actively cultivating positive emotions through practices like mindfulness or kindness strengthens resilience, because it generates the emotional states that directly support flexible, adaptive coping.

Enhanced coping: Positive emotions help individuals overcome stress by broadening their perspective, allowing them to move beyond immediate threats and see more options for coping.

Cultivate positive emotions: Actively engage in activities that promote positive feelings, such as mindfulness or other forms of loving-kindness meditation.

1. Enhanced Coping ↔ Cultivate Positive Emotions

Positive emotions broaden perspective, making it easier to cope with stress.

Actively cultivating positive emotions through practices like mindfulness or kindness boosts this capacity, because it generates the emotional states that directly support flexible, adaptive coping.

2. Resource Building ↔ Create Supportive Environments

Resilience is strengthened when people build psychological resources (like optimism, social support, or coping skills).

Supportive environments provide the conditions and resources needed to develop these strengths, ensuring that individuals have both internal and external tools to recover and adapt effectively in the face of challenges.

Resource building: Resilience is a key psychological resource built through positive emotions, enabling people to better manage and recover from difficulties.

Create supportive environments: In settings like the workplace or home, foster atmospheres that encourage positive emotions and provide the resources for people to develop their skills.

3. Upward Spiral ↔ Focus on Growth

Upward spiral: The theory describes a self-sustaining cycle where positive emotions lead to resource building, which in turn increases the likelihood of experiencing more positive emotions and further enhancing resilience and well-being over time.

Focus on growth: Recognize that positive emotions transform individuals, promoting growth, social integration, and a greater sense of purpose and well-being.

Positive emotions create a self-sustaining cycle where resources and well-being reinforce each other over time.

Adaptive resilience Why it matters: With more on-going research and current theories rising to the surface, resilience is shown to be an essential aspect conidered in managing the complex psychological wellbeing of indivdiuals. Resileince allows indivduals to effectively endure adversity thourgh actions of implementing strategies, practices or personal assets that can be tailored to support their needs and maintain a healthy state of mental, physical and emotinal wellbeing. (where is the ref from??)

Focusing on growth amplifies this upward spiral, turning each cycle of positive emotions into opportunities for transformation, integration, and deeper purpose — key elements that sustain resilience long term.

Heading casing

Latest comment: 4 months ago1 comment1 person in discussion

FYI, the recommended Wikiversity heading style uses sentence casing. For example:

Self-determination theory rather than Self-Determination Theory

Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: Growth mindset development

-- Jtneill - Talk - c 03:35, 24 August 2025 (UTC)Reply

Topic development feedback

Latest comment: 4 months ago1 comment1 person in discussion

The topic development has been reviewed according to the marking criteria. Written feedback is provided below, plus see the general feedback page. Also check the page history for changes made whilst reviewing the plan. If you don't understand the feedback or would like further information, get in touch to discuss. Marks are available via UCLearn. Marks are based on the latest version before the due date.

1. Title

Title and sub-title correctly worded and use sentence casing

2. Headings

See earlier comment about heading casing
Promising 3-level heading structure – could benefit from further development and/or refinement
I recommend simplifying to a 2-level heading structure
Very good alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure, but there may be room for improvement
The content about the first two sections should be brief (e.g., not sub-headings). The bulk of the chapter should unpack the third question. The next most important section is the applications/recommendations.

3. Overview

Good
A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section
A basic description of the problem/topic is planned or presented
Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but consider closer alignment

4. Key points

Promising development of key points
It is unlikely that all planned aspects can be reasonably covered within the final word count, so be selective and concentrate on the important aspects in order to address the question in the sub-title
Reasonably good coverage of theory; strive to balance the theoretical content with critical review of relevant research
For sections with sub-sections, provide key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings
Avoid providing too much background information. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Focus most of the chapter on directly answering the core question(s) posed by the chapter sub-title.
Consider using the Studiosity service and/or a service like Grammarly to help improve the quality of written expression and to check grammatical and spelling errors
Conclusion is underway
Reduce background material about resilience and spirituality as stand-alone concepts
Concentrate on the relationship (theory and research) between R and S
What might the take-home, practical messages be? (What are the answer(s) to the question(s) in the sub-title and/or focus questions?)

5. Figure

Relevant figure(s) are presented and captioned
Figure caption(s) provide(s) a reasonably clear description that is connected with the main text
Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1)

6. Learning feature

Excellent in-text interwiki links for first mention of key terms to Wikipedia and/or book chapters
Consider use of more scenarios/examples/case studies
Consider including quiz question(s) about the take-home messages
Also consider using tables to summarise key information

7. References

Good
At least one relevant systematic review and/or meta-analysis has been identified
All references need in-text citation
Check and correct APA referencing style:
1. capitalisation
2. italicisation

8. Resources

See also
1. Excellent
External links
1. Good
2. Basic
3. Only include links directly related to the sub-title (i.e., about S and R)
4. Use sentence casing

9. User page

Very good
Description about self provided
Link(s) provided to professional profile(s)
A link to the book chapter is provided
Rename the link to the book chapter to make it more user-friendly (see Tutorial 02)

10. Social contribution

Excellent – at least three different types of contributions with direct link(s) to evidence

-- Jtneill - Talk - c 03:35, 24 August 2025 (UTC)Reply

Suggestion and feedback

Latest comment: 3 months ago3 comments2 people in discussion

Hi,

I really like your book chapter but have just noticed a few spelling mistakes. You could improve the readability of your chapter by fixing the grammatical errors and simplifying long sentences, which would make the content clearer and easier for readers to follow.

Regards,

Jansen JansenMartinez (discuss • contribs) 22:54, 2 October 2025 (UTC)Reply

Hi Jasen! Thanks for fixing some of the spelling I know it's atrocious atm. For simplyfing long sentences, would you be able to point them out in what sections if possible? Love your topic btw, so interesting! U3258176 (discuss • contribs) 14:07, 3 October 2025 (UTC)Reply

Hi! I appreciate the feedback. An example would be in the Logotherapy section where a paragraph could be simplified.

For example: "Individual possess the freedom to choose how they respond to difficult situations and maintain their inner dignity, despite when circumstances are beyond their control (ref) In emphasis their freedom of choice of response, individuals can find inner power to cope and manage adversity while nurturing dignity, authenticity, and inner strengths that leads to using their inherent human attributes of courage, love, humour and capability which forms a healthy foundation of resilience (ref)."

Alternative: "Individuals can choose how to respond to difficult situations, even when circumstances are beyond their control. By exercising this freedom, they nurture dignity, authenticity, and inner strengths such as courage, love, humour, and resilience."

This way your claim's meaning is still the same, and it's much easier for readers to follow. However, you could still keep the structure of your paragraph but just break the longer sentences into shorter ones so the flow remains the same.

Hope that helps! JansenMartinez (discuss • contribs) 15:31, 3 October 2025 (UTC)Reply

Book chapter review and feedback

Latest comment: 2 months ago1 comment1 person in discussion

This chapter has been reviewed according to the marking criteria. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a general feedback page. Please also check the chapter's page history to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via UCLearn along with social contribution marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements.

Overall

This is an insufficient chapter
The title and subtitle were incorrect (fixed)
The main area(s) for potential improvement:
- use the best psychological theory about the topic (spirituality and resilience)
- more detailed review of the best psychological research about the topic
- quality of written expression
- tackle the target topic more directly; this chapter beats around the bush
Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims
Only cite sources that you consult
All citations need to be in the References
For additional feedback, see the following comments and these copyedits

Overview

Basic
Engaging scenario or case study
Figure 1 is relevant to the scenario
Scenario uses an appropriate feature box
Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon in a basic way
Clarity of written expression can be improved
The focus questions are insufficient
The focus questions could be improved by:
1. being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title)
2. being better aligned with the top-level headings
3. using 3rd person perspective
4. being open-ended rather than closed-ended

Theory

Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic
Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on substantive aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question).
There is too little theory directly about the relationship between spirituality and resistance; in contrast, there is a lot of theory about each of these concepts separately
Builds effectively on Wikipedia articles but not related chapters by embedding interwiki links for key terms
Basic depth is provided about key relevant aspects of theory(ies)
Very good use of tables, figures, and/or lists to clearly convey key theoretical information
Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts

Research

Insufficient review of relevant research
Greater emphasis on systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses would be ideal
More detail about key studies would be ideal
Insufficient critical thinking about relevant research is evident
Critical thinking about research could be further evidenced by:
1. describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies
2. considering the strength of relationships
3. acknowledging limitations
4. pointing out critiques/counterarguments
5. suggesting specific directions for future research

Integration

Insufficient integration between the most relevant theory(ies) and the best research
The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance
Research is covered at the end rather than being integrated throughout
Insufficient integration with related chapters

Conclusion

Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best psychological theory and research about the topic

Style

Written expression
1. The quality of written expression is below professional standard. UC Study Skills assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills.
2. Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the [explain?] and [improve clarity] tags)
3. Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more readable. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+.
4. Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in parentheses at the end of the sentence.
5. Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences.
6. Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") instead of 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") in the main text. 1st or 2nd person can work well for case studies or feature boxes.
7. Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication
Layout
1. Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings
2. Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional numbers, italics, bold, and/or change in font size)
3. See earlier comment about heading casing
Grammar
1. The grammar for many sentences could be improved (e.g., see [grammar?] tags); consider using a grammar checking tool, Studiosity, and/or peer feedback
2. Check and make correct use of commas
3. Use past tense when describing research studies, although implications of findings could be in the present tense
Spelling
1. Use Australian spelling (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour)
Proofreading
1. More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard
APA style
1. Use serial commas [1][2]
2. Use sentence casing for disorders, therapies, theories, etc.
3. Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" (APA Style 7th ed., 2020, p. 159)
4. Figures
  1. Very well captioned
  2. Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)")
5. Tables
  1. Well
  2. Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style
In some places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the [factual?] tags)
1. Citations use poor APA Style (7th ed.)
  1. Do not include author first name or initials
2. References use basic APA style:
  1. Check and correct use of italicisation
  2. Check and correct use of capitalisation[3]
  3. Separate page numbers using an en dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)
  4. Include hyperlinked dois (for 1-click access)
  5. Proofreading needed

Learning features

Excellent use of learning features
Excellent use of embedded in-text interwiki links to Wikipedia articles
Add embedded in-text links to related book chapters. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project.
Excellent use of figure(s)
Very good use of table(s)
Excellent use of feature box(es)
Basic use of scenarios, case studies, or examples
No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s)
Insufficient use of the See also section
1. Use titles only
2. Also include links to related Wikipedia articles
3. Use alphabetical order
Basic use of the External links section
1. Use sentence casing
2. Use alphabetical order
3. Link to the top 3-6 external resources about this topic

Social contribution

~12 logged, useful, mostly moderate to major contributions with direct links to evidence

-- Jtneill - Talk - c 09:34, 28 October 2025 (UTC)Reply

Feedback about resubmission

Latest comment: 2 months ago1 comment1 person in discussion

Overview scenario is too long
Several new spelling/grammar errors are added
Modest improvements to theory, research, and conclusion

-- Jtneill - Talk - c 00:00, 18 November 2025 (UTC)Reply