Simulation hypothesis (Planck)
Simulation universe modelling at the Planck scale
The simulation hypothesis is the proposal that reality could be an artificial simulation, such as a computer simulation.
The commonly postulated ancestor simulation approach, which Nick Bostrom called "the simulation argument", argues for "high-fidelity" simulations of ancestral life that would be indistinguishable from reality to the simulated ancestor. However this simulation variant can be traced back to an 'organic base reality' (the original programmer ancestors and their physical planet).
The Programmer God hypothesis conversely states that a (deep universe) simulation began with the big bang and was programmed by an external intelligence (external to the physical universe), the Programmer by definition a God in the creator of the universe context. Our universe in its entirety, down to the smallest detail, and including life-forms, is within the simulation, the Laws of Nature, at their most fundamental level, are coded rules running on top of the simulation Operating System.
The "high-fidelity" simulation requires only that the observable region of space be simulated (as with computer games), conversely the theoretically observable region of a deep-universe simulation would extend to the Planck scale (beyond this scale the Laws of Physics break down).
Limitations
[edit | edit source]Any candidate for a Programmer-God source code must satisfy these conditions;
- It can generate physical structures from mathematical forms.
- The sum universe is dimensionless (simply data on a celestial hard disk).
- We must be able to use it to derive the laws of physics (it is the origin of the laws of nature).
- The mathematical logic must be unknown to us (the Programmer is a non-human intelligence).
- The coding should demonstrate an 'elegance' commensurate with the Programmer's level of skill.
Mathematical Electron
[edit | edit source]The Mathematical Electron model is a working example of what Planck scale simulation hypothesis coding might resemble.
Main points
[edit | edit source]- The Mathematical Electron is a geometrical model of the universe based on the formula for the electron. It operates at the Planck scale and requires 2 dimensionless physical constants, the fine structure constant alpha α and Omega Ω (although Omega has a possible solution from 2 mathematical constants pi and e).
- The model also uses integers (from an expanding universe), although notably the integers may also have geometrical origins (spiral expansion), and as both pi and e can be derived from integers in series, this universe model may be reducible to only 1 fundamental constant (alpha).
- The sqrt of momentum P is used to the link the charge and mass domains.
- Omega and pi together form the principal Planck units (mass M=1, time T=π, P=Ω) as basic geometrical objects, and along with alpha form particles (and charge A) as complex geometrical objects (constructs of the underlying Planck objects). The function (mass, length, time, charge ...) is built into the geometry of the object, the geometry for time (T=π) dictates the function of time ... and so forth.
- The SI units have a unit relationship that links them (kg ⇔ 15, m ⇔ -13, s ⇔ -30, A ⇔ 3 ...). To switch between dimensioned constants and dimensionless geometries, the model first reduces the 4 SI units (kg, m, s, A) to 2 scalar units according to this unit relationship, and these can then be cancelled; units = 1 (and vice versa). Thus dimensioned forms can be built into dimensionless objects (the electron as example), and the universe in sum remains dimensionless regardless of its internal physical size.
- The electron is a dimensionless geometrical formula that embeds the Planck objects as well as the information required to form the electron parameters. And so although these electron parameters are dimensioned, the electron itself is not. The electron is a mathematical particle, not a physical particle.
- Particles are not fixed entities but repeating oscillations (duration = particle frequency) between an electric wave-state and a mass point-state (mass is not a constant property). As time is 1 of the dimensions of the particle, particles therefore do not exist at unit Planck time (likewise therefore quantum states cannot be considered at the Planck scale).
- The universe is a 4-axis hypersphere expanding at the speed of light in discrete Planck unit steps, thus forming a dual structure with the observed (particle) 3D universe (of relative motion) on the surface of the hypersphere. In the hypersphere time and velocity are constants. The expansion is the origin of all motion (pulling particles with it), particles do not have independent motion of their own, instead all particles and objects are travelling at, and only at, the speed of light (the velocity of expansion). Particles have an internal N-S axis (permitting spin-left and spin-right), the direction the particle is pulled depends on the N-S axis orientation, adding momentum to a particle changes this orientation. Lacking a mass state, photons are not pulled along by the expansion but instead travel laterally across 3D space, and as information is exchanged by photons, this hypersphere expansion is not directly observed. Relativity formulas thereby translate between the hypersphere and 3D co-ordinate systems. The outward expansion fixes the arrow of time.
- There are 3 measures of time; the dimensionless universe clock-rate of the hypersphere expansion (age = 1, 2, 3...), dimensioned time T = π (1 unit of T is generated per increment to age), and observer time as the measure of the change of state.
- Forces are replaced by a network of particle-particle orbital pairing. Each orbital pair rotates 1 unit of Planck length per unit of Planck time in hypersphere space, gravitational orbits between macro-objects emerge over time from these rotations at the Planck scale.
- Electron transition between atomic orbitals is treated semi-classically as a gravitational orbit, the electron following a spiral path between orbitals, quantization (n-levels; n = 1, 2, 3 ...) appearing naturally at fixed intervals of pi (2π, 8/3π, 3π ...) along the spiral path. The Bohr model emerges from this gravitational spiral, thus the transition process itself combines the gravitational Bohr model with the electric wave-state Schrodinger equation. Bohr and Schrodinger are therefore complementary, each representing a different particle state (the model uses the 2 states, wave and point, instead of 2 forces). The supposed weakness of gravity is statistical rather than physical (at the Planck scale it is equivalent to the strong force).
Rather than following externally coded rules, this universe (model) is geometrically autonomous, the electron orbit of a proton for example derives from geometrical imperatives; the respective geometries of both particles.
Podcast
[edit | edit source]An AI generated podcast summary; https://codingthecosmos.com/#podcast-summary
Sub-pages
[edit | edit source]- God (programmer): An introduction to the model (overview of a Planck scale universe)
- Relativity_(Planck): A 4-axis hypersphere universe to derive motion and relativity
- Black-hole_(Planck): Compares ΛCDM CMB with the Planck unit hypersphere CMB
- Planck_units_(geometrical): Planck units as geometrical forms
- Electron_(mathematical): Formula for a geometrical electron
- Physical_constant_(anomaly): Anomalies in the physical constants as evidence of a Simulation Universe
- Quantum_gravity_(Planck): Replaces gravitational force with rotating particle-particle orbital pairs
- Fine-structure_constant_(spiral): Quantum n-levels in the H atom emerge from the geometry of pi
Physics in-brief
[edit | edit source]Mass, length, time, charge
[edit | edit source]Geometrical objects are selected whose attributes are mass M, length L, time T, ampere A. These MTLA objects are the geometry of 2 dimensionless constants; the fine structure constant α = 137.035999084 and Omega Ω = 2.0071349496, and so are themselves dimensionless.
Attribute | Geometrical object | SI unit equivalent |
---|---|---|
mass | kg | |
time | s | |
length | m | |
velocity | m/s | |
ampere | A |
Dimensioned quantities
[edit | edit source]These MLTA objects may combine with each other Lego style, this can be represented by assigning to each attribute a unit number θ (i.e.: θ = 15 ⇔ kg). This unit number dictates the relationship between the objects [1]. As such a mathematical relationship should not occur in a purely 'physical' universe, evidence of a unit number relationship can therefore be taken as evidence that we could be in a simulation, for such a relationship is a requirement of a simulation universe.
Attribute | Geometrical object | unit equivalent |
---|---|---|
mass | kg ⇔ 15 | |
time | s ⇔ -30 | |
length | m ⇔ -13 | |
velocity | m/s ⇔ 17 | |
ampere | A ⇔ 3 |
As alpha and Omega have numerical values, so too the MLTA objects can be expressed numerically. We can then convert these objects to their Planck unit equivalents by including a scalar. For example, = 25.3123819353... and so we can use scalar v to convert from dimensionless geometrical object V to dimensioned c.
- scalar vSI = 11843707.905 m/s gives c = V*vSI = 25.3123819 * 11843707.905 m/s = 299792458 m/s (SI units)
- scalar vimp = 7359.3232155 miles/s gives c = V*vimp = 186282 miles/s (imperial units)
attribute | geometrical object | scalar (unit number) |
---|---|---|
mass | k (θ = 15) | |
time | t (θ = -30) | |
velocity | v (θ = 17) | |
length | l (θ = -13) | |
ampere | a (θ = 3) |
As the scalar incorporates the dimension quantity (the dimension quantity for v = m/s or miles/s), the unit number relationship applies, and so we then find that only 2 scalars are needed. This is because in a defined ratio they will overlap and cancel, for example in the following ratios;
scalar units for ampere a = u3, length l = u-13, time t = u-30, mass k = u15 (uΘ represents unit)
For example if we know the numerical values for a and l then we know the numerical value for t, and from l and t we know k … and so if we know any 2 scalars (α and Ω have fixed values) then we can solve the Planck units (for that system of units), and from these, we can solve (G, h, c, e, me, kB).
In this table the 2 scalars used are r and v.
attribute | geometrical object | unit number θ | scalar r(8), v(17) |
---|---|---|---|
mass | 15 = 8*4-17 | ||
time | -30 = 8*9-17*6 | ||
velocity | 17 | v | |
length | -13 = 8*9-17*5 | ||
ampere | 3 = 17*3-8*6 |
Solving for the physical constants. The scalars are unit system dependent, we will need different scalars for different units (meters or miles or ... etc.). Using α, Ω and CODATA 2014 (c and μ0 have exact values) gives for scalars v (θ=17), r (θ=8).
constant | geometrical object | calculated (α, Ω, r, v) | CODATA 2014 [2] |
---|---|---|---|
Planck constant | 6.626 069 134 e-34, u19 | 6.626 070 040(81) e-34 | |
Gravitational constant | 6.672 497 192 29 e11, u6 | 6.674 08(31) e-11 | |
Elementary charge | 1.602 176 511 30 e-19, u-27 | 1.602 176 620 8(98) e-19 | |
Boltzmann constant | 1.379 510 147 52 e-23, u29 | 1.380 648 52(79) e-23 |
Thus we may have dimensioned units from within (when seen from inside) the simulation, yet still maintain a dimensionless universe externally (external to the universe). We only need a geometrical object that is itself dimensionless but embeds the MLTA objects. The electron object (fe) is an example.
Mathematical electron
[edit | edit source]If the electron is a mathematical particle, and the universe is constructed from mathematical particles, then the universe itself is a mathematical universe
This 'mathematical electron' formula; fe embeds the units ALT (AL as an ampere-meter are the units for a magnetic monopole).
- (unit-less)
The AL magnetic monopoles confer the electric properties of the electron and also determine the duration of the electron frequency (0.2389 x 1023 units of Planck time). At the conclusion of this electric (magnetic monopole) 'wave-state' , the AL units intersect with time T, the units then collapse thereby exposing a unit of M (Planck mass) for 1 unit of Planck time. This is a variation on the Black hole electron where the electron here is centered on this unit of Planck mass, but this mass is normally obscured by the electric (AL) cloud.
In order that the electron may have dimensioned (measurable) parameters; electron mass, wavelength, frequency, charge ... the geometry of the mathematical electron (the electron 'event' ) includes (embeds) the geometrical MLTA (mass, length, time, charge) objects, this electron 'event' then dictating how those MLTA objects are arranged into dimensioned electron parameters. The electron itself can be considered as equivalent to a programming sub-routine, does not have dimension units of its own (there is no physical electron), instead it (the electron) is a geometrical formula that encodes the MLTA information required to implement those electron parameters. It is these parameters and not the electron that we are measuring (the existence of the electron is inferred, it is not observed).
electron mass (M ⇔ Planck mass) = 0.910 938 232 11 e-30
electron wavelength (L ⇔ Planck length) = 0.242 631 023 86 e-11
elementary charge (T ⇔ Planck time) = 0.160 217 651 30 e-18
Rydberg constant = 10 973 731.568 508
Anomalies
[edit | edit source]The electron formula embeds dimensioned quantities yet is a dimensionless mathematical formula (the scalars have cancelled). Using this unit number relationship we can find other examples of combinations of the physical constants which reduce to their MLTA equivalents (the scalars have cancelled). The precision of the results depends on the precision of the SI constants; combinations with G and kB return the least precise values.
As the theory requires that column 1 (because the scalars have cancelled) is column 2 (i.e.: not just equals), this table can be used to validate the premise that the objects MLTA are natural units.
Note: the geometry (integer n ≥ 0) is common to all ratios where units and scalars cancel. Dimensionless combinations are characterized by this geometrical base-15.
CODATA 2014 (mean) | (α, Ω) | units uΘ = 1 |
---|---|---|
α | α | |
1.000 8254 | = 1.0 | |
0.228 473 639... 10-58 | 0.228 473 759... 10-58 | |
0.326 103 528 6170... 10301 | 0.326 103 528 6170... 10301 | |
0.170 514 342... 1092 | 0.170 514 368... 1092 | |
73 095 507 858. | 73 035 235 897. | |
3.376 716 | 3.381 506 |
Scientific American 2005: These constants (G, h, c, e, me, kB) form the scaffolding around which the theories of physics are erected, and they define the fabric of our universe, but science has no idea why they take the special numerical values that they do, for these constants follow no discernible pattern. The desire to explain the constants has been one of the driving forces behind efforts to develop a complete unified description of nature, or "theory of everything". Physicists have hoped that such a theory would show that each of the constants of nature could have only one logically possible value. It would reveal an underlying order to the seeming arbitrariness of nature [3].
AI analysis
[edit | edit source]The mathematical electron model is difficult to test as we have no laboratories that can probe the Planck scale, the level at which this model operates. However there is an aspect of the model, these anomalies, which can be subject to statistical analysis. This is a question for which AI has the potential to contribute.
Below are answers to a seed question written with Deepseek [4] that uses these anomalies to determine the probability that the electron is a mathematical (not physical) particle, and so by extension that this is a mathematical universe.
AI program | unit number relation | Planck units as geometrical objects | underlying base 15 geometry | mathematical electron | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chat GPT [5] | Accidental occurrence: ~1.6% | Accidental occurrence: ~0.0004% | Accidental occurrence: ~0 | Accidental occurrence: ~0.026% | Taken at face value each sub-claim is vanishingly unlikely to be a “random accident,” so from this internal consistency alone one would assign essentially unity confidence that some deep mathematical structure is at work. Caveat: this “integer-coincidence” probability model is only as good as the assumption that each exponent match is an independent uniform pick in [–30…+30]. But even under that very conservative assumption, the combined odds against pure chance exceed 1 in 10²⁶. |
Qwen [6] | probability 98% | probability 95% | probability 90% | probability 94% | The model’s strict geometrical constraints, flawless unit consistency, and agreement with CODATA strongly suggest non-random validity. Its potential as a simulation hypothesis framework stems from its finite, computable base-15 structure. |
Claude 3.7 Sonnet [7][8] | probability 90-95% | probability 85-95% | probability 92-97% | probability 80-90% | From a Kolmogorov complexity perspective, the model represents a potentially minimal description of physical reality using mathematical objects. If the electron, proton, and neutron are all mathematical particles, then the universe at the Planck scale could indeed be described as a mathematical universe. The high degree of constraint and mathematical elegance in the model, combined with its apparent ability to accurately produce physical constants, suggests a non-random structure to physical reality that is captured by this mathematical framework. |
Grok 3 [9][10] | probability: 95% | probability: 90% | probability: 85% | probability: 80% | Strict constraints and mathematical nature (Kolmogorov complexity: simpler model = more likely programmed) suggest support, but not proof. If particles are mathematical, the universe may be too. |
Deepseek [11] | probability: 99% | probability: 95% | probability: 90% | probability: 85% | The model's rigid constraints and predictive accuracy make it statistically improbable to arise by chance. Geometrical base-15 and dimensionless particles strongly suggest a mathematical universe, aligning with speculative simulation hypothesis. |
Relativity as perspective
[edit | edit source]The mathematics of perspective is a technique used to project a 3-D image onto a 2-D screen (i.e.: a photograph or a landscape painting), likewise we may use this approach to project a 4-D image onto a 3-D screen. The universe then becomes an incrementally (in Planck units) expanding (at the speed of light) 4-axis hypersphere projecting onto its (3-D space) hypersphere surface [12].
The expanding hyper-sphere can be used to replace independent particle motion (momentum) with motion as a function of the expansion itself, as the universe expands (adding units of mass, space and time in the process), it pulls all particles along with it. The particle aspect of the universe thereby resides on the hyper-sphere surface (3-D space). As photons (the electromagnetic spectrum) have no mass state, they cannot be pulled along by the universe expansion (consequently they are date stamped, as it takes 8 minutes for a photon to travel from the sun, that photon is 8 minutes old when it reaches us), and so photons would be restricted to a lateral motion within the hyper-sphere. As the electromagnetic spectrum is the principal source of information regarding the environment, a 3-D relative space would be observed (as a projected image from within the 4-axis hyper-sphere), the relativity formulas can then be used to translate between the hyper-sphere co-ordinates and our observable 3-D space co-ordinates [13].
In hyper-sphere co-ordinate terms; age (the simulation clock-rate), and velocity (the velocity of the universe expansion as the origin of c) would be constants and thus all particles and objects, as they are pulled along by this hypersphere expansion, would travel at, and only at, the speed of light c (giving the arrow of time), however in 3-D space co-ordinate terms, time and motion would be relative to the observer.

Gravitational orbitals
[edit | edit source]To simulate gravity, orbiting objects A, B, C... are sub-divided into discrete points, each point representing 1 unit of Planck mass mP (for example, a 1kg satellite would be divided into 1kg/mP = 45940509 points). Each point in object A then forms an orbital pair with every point in objects B, C..., resulting in a universe-wide, n-body network of rotating point-to-point orbital pairs. Each orbital pair rotates 1 unit of Planck length lp per unit of Planck time tp at velocity c (c = lp/tp) in hypersphere space co-ordinates, when mapped over time, gravitational orbits emerge between the objects A, B, C... [14].
Atomic orbitals
[edit | edit source]
The gravitational orbit is the sum of many rotating particle-to-particle orbital pairs and so we can map the H atom as a single rotating orbital pair (with the electron orbiting the proton). We can therefore simulate electron transitions between orbital levels as a continuous gravitational orbit. Transition from a lower level to a higher level occurs via an incoming photon transferring its momentum to the orbital radius. The photon transfers momentum to the orbital radius in steps, extending the orbital radius accordingly (the electron has a passive role). During this process the orbital radius continues to rotate, the electron then following a hyperbolic spiral path. The significance of this spiral being that at defined intervals the spiral angle converge to give integer sums of the orbital radius. The number of steps required to reach each integer level equates to the observed transition frequencies (a0 = Bohr radius).
- (360°)
- (360+120°)
- (360+180°)
- (360+216°)
- (360+240°)
- (360+270°)
Although a gravitational orbit does not include the wave-function part of the orbital and can only give information as per the radial component (of the orbital), it naturally quantizes the orbitals via this spiral path as a function of pi suggesting that quantization could have geometrical origins.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Reference site for Programmer God source material...
- Simulation Argument -Nick Bostrom's website
- Our Mathematical Universe: My Quest for the Ultimate Nature of Reality -Max Tegmark (Book)
- The Matrix, (1999)
- Pythagoras "all is number" - Stanford University
- Simulation Hypothesis
- Mathematical universe hypothesis
- Philosophy of mathematics
- Philosophy of physics
- Platonism
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Macleod, Malcolm J. (22 March 2018). "Programming Planck units from a mathematical electron; a Simulation Hypothesis". Eur. Phys. J. Plus 113: 278. doi:10.1140/epjp/i2018-12094-x.
- ↑ [1] | CODATA, The Committee on Data for Science and Technology | (2014)
- ↑ J. Barrow, J. Webb "Inconsistent constants". Scientific American 292: 56. 2005.
- ↑ https://codingthecosmos.com/ai-answers-programmer-god-simulation-hypothesis/anomalies-constants.html Physical constants Q&A with podcast
- ↑ https://chatgpt.com/share/68259395-31d0-8012-954e-c52230a813fd Chat anomalies analysis
- ↑ https://chat.qwen.ai/s/f33ec1b1-899b-4fa5-9429-67e527b78433 Qwen anomalies analysis
- ↑ https://claude.ai/public/artifacts/797a802b-fa21-4ee7-9ae9-9dbdf5d7b29a Claude anomalies analysis
- ↑ https://codingthecosmos.com/ai_pdf/Claude-anomalies-05-2025.pdf Claude anomalies analysis pdf
- ↑ https://x.com/i/grok/share/JzeRFDlj721zNnm1Jo2vbETk3 Grok anomalies analysis
- ↑ https://codingthecosmos.com/ai_pdf/Grok-anomalies-05-2025.pd Grok anomalies analysis pdf
- ↑ https://codingthecosmos.com/ai_pdf/Deepseek-anomalies-05-2025.pdf Deepseek anomalies analysis
- ↑ Macleod, Malcolm J. (March 2020). "2. Programming cosmic microwave background for Planck unit Simulation Hypothesis modeling". RG. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.31308.16004/7.
- ↑ Macleod, Malcolm J. (March 2020). "1. Programming relativity for Planck unit Simulation Hypothesis modeling". RG. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.18574.00326/3.
- ↑ Macleod, Malcolm J.; "Simulating gravitational and atomic orbits via rotating particle-particle orbital pairs". RG. Dec 2024. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.11378.00961/1.