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HTW/FE ID153480921805

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Exams:

Answers:

66 Tests = 3 versions x 22 variations: Each of the 22 variations (A, B, ...) represents a different random selection of questions taken from the study guide.The 3 versions (0,1,..) all have the same questions but in different order and with different numerical inputs. Unless all students take version "0" it is best to reserve it for the instructor because the questions are grouped according to the order in which they appear on the study guide.

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### FE A0

1) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way down is

a) up
b) down
c) zero

2) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southwest
b) south
c) north
d) northwest
e) northeast

3) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) northwest
b) west
c) south
d) southeast
e) southwest

4) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 5.0 meters
b) 3.0 meters
c) 6.0 meters
d) 4.0 meters
e) 7.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 11.0 meters
d) 12.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 14.0 meters
b) 17.0 meters
c) 13.0 meters
d) 15.0 meters
e) 16.0 meters

7) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) dissonance
b) octave
c) fifth

8) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) dissonance
b) fifth
c) octave

9) An example of a standard candle is

a) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
b) a supernova in a distant galaxy
c) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
d) all of these are standard candles

10) Why was it important to observe supernovae in galaxies that are close to us?

a) they have less of a red-shift, and interstellar gas absorbs red light
b) it is easier to measure the doppler shift, and that is not always easy to measure.
c) because supernovea are impossible to see in distant galaxies
d) we have other ways of knowing the distances to the nearby galaxies; this gives us the opportunity to study supernovae of known distance and ascertain their absolute magnitude.

11) The focal point is where

a) rays meet if they were parallel to the optical axis before striking a lens
b) rays meet if they are parallel to each other
c) rays meet whenever they are forming an image
d) rays meet whenever they pass through a lens
e) the center of the lens

12) Which lens has the shorter focal length?

a)
b)
c) They have the same focal lengh.

13) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following loses?

a) two of these are true
b) none of these are true
c) K and K♠
d) K♠ and K♣
e) K and K♣

14) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 4
b) 3
c) 5
d) 1
e) 2

15) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

16) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"

a) True
b) False

17) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) circular or linear
b) circular
c) circular or elliptical
d) linear or elliptical
e) linearly

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30° from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60°, making it at right angles from the first filter. What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?

a) 1/16
b) 1/8
c) 3/32
d) 3/16
e) 1/32

19) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4 to A?

a) win 1 point
b) no points awarded or lost
c) lose 3 points
d) lose Q points

20) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
c) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
e) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

21) If the frequency f associated with a photon increases by a factor of 4, the photon's wavelength λ

a) is reduced by a factor of 4
b) stays the same
c) becomes 4 times as big
d) is cut in half
e) becomes twice as big

22) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 35°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1/4
b) 0
c) 1
d) 1/2
e) 3/4

23) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 0
b) 1/4
c) 1
d) 1/2
e) 3/4
24)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) +1
b) −2/5
c) 0
d) −1/5
e) +1/5
f) +2/5
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
a) 1/2
b) 1/4
c) 1
d) 0
e) 5/4
f) 3/4

26) The Turing machine was a(n) ______ device

a) analog
b) digital
c) conceptual
d) electromechanical
e) prototype

27) In London (circa 1935) thousands of vacuum tubes were used to

a) control a telephone exchange
b) count votes in an election
c) control a textile mill
d) calculate the value of π

28) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the four seasons.

a) true
b) false

29) How many years did it take before Europe made a device as sophisticated as the Antikythera mechanism?

a) 3000 years
b) 1500 years
c) 30 years
d) 15,000 years
e) 300 years

30) While the Babylonians invented what we call the Saros cycle, they did not call it by that name.

a) true
b) false

31) The name "saros" (Greek: σαρος) was first given to the eclipse cycle by

a) Hipparchus (Greek astronomer: 190 BC-120 BC)
b) Edmond Halley (A friend and colleage of Newton: 1656 AD-1742 AD)
c) an unknown Babylonian
d) Ptolemy (Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt: 90 AD-168 AD)
32) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) A: 000110
c) B: 000110
d) B: 001100
33) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 001110
b) B: 000111
c) A: 001110
d) A: 001110
34) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) A: 011110

35) The purpose of Eli Whitney's cotton gin was to

a) weave cotton
b) remove seeds
c) clean cotton
d) spin cotton
e) pick cotton

36) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing glass containers with lead containers
b) replacing iron containers with glass containers
c) replacing glass containers with iron containers
d) replacing lead containers with glass containers

37) Estimates of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 fell by ______ percent after the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011.

a) 90
b) 10
c) 50

38) Chadwick's discovery of the neutron was significant because neutrons

a) can be used to create radioactive material at a low price
b) are not radioactive
c) are an excellent fuel for nuclear power

39) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

40) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 years;   30%
b) 6 months;   3%
c) 6 years;   3%
d) 6 months;   30%

41) The largest temperature increases (from 2000-2009) have occurred

a) near the equator
b) in the western hemisphere
c) on the ocean surface
d) near the poles

42) in 2013, the IPCC stated that the largest driver of global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Other important sources of CO2 are

a) cement production and land use changes
b) population growth
c) population growth and waste disposal
d) cement production and waste disposal

43) The Earth's average surface temperature rose by approximately _______ per decade over the period 1906–2005.

a) 7.0°C
b) 0.7°C
c) 0.07°C

44) No direct method exists that permits an independent measurement of the heat content of the oceans, other than the fact that the air is warming

a) true
b) false

45) Soot tends to cool the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

46) Depleting the ozone layer cools the stratosphere because ozone allows UV radiation to penetrate.

a) true
b) false

47) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet until the thermal (infra-red) radiation away the planet rises to match the solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

48) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that more heat is lost from the planet to compensate.

a) true
b) false

#### FE A1

1) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that more heat is lost from the planet to compensate.

a) true
b) false
2) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) A: 000110
c) B: 000110
d) B: 001100

3) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) circular
b) linearly
c) linear or elliptical
d) circular or linear
e) circular or elliptical

4) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing lead containers with glass containers
b) replacing iron containers with glass containers
c) replacing glass containers with lead containers
d) replacing glass containers with iron containers

5) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) northwest
b) southwest
c) south
d) southeast
e) west

6) The largest temperature increases (from 2000-2009) have occurred

a) in the western hemisphere
b) near the poles
c) on the ocean surface
d) near the equator
7) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) A: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) B: 011110
d) H: 011110

8) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 years;   3%
b) 6 months;   3%
c) 6 years;   30%
d) 6 months;   30%

9) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) dissonance
b) fifth
c) octave
10)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
a) 5/4
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 0
e) 1
f) 3/4

11) How many years did it take before Europe made a device as sophisticated as the Antikythera mechanism?

a) 3000 years
b) 30 years
c) 1500 years
d) 300 years
e) 15,000 years

12) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
d) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.

13) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 35°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 3/4
b) 1
c) 1/2
d) 1/4
e) 0

14) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 12.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

15) Chadwick's discovery of the neutron was significant because neutrons

a) are not radioactive
b) can be used to create radioactive material at a low price
c) are an excellent fuel for nuclear power

16) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 3
b) 5
c) 1
d) 4
e) 2

17) The Earth's average surface temperature rose by approximately _______ per decade over the period 1906–2005.

a) 0.07°C
b) 7.0°C
c) 0.7°C

18) No direct method exists that permits an independent measurement of the heat content of the oceans, other than the fact that the air is warming

a) true
b) false

19) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30° from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60°, making it at right angles from the first filter. What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?

a) 1/8
b) 3/32
c) 1/32
d) 1/16
e) 3/16

20) The focal point is where

a) rays meet if they were parallel to the optical axis before striking a lens
b) rays meet if they are parallel to each other
c) rays meet whenever they are forming an image
d) the center of the lens
e) rays meet whenever they pass through a lens
21)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) +1/5
b) −1/5
c) +2/5
d) −2/5
e) 0
f) +1

22) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 13.0 meters
b) 16.0 meters
c) 15.0 meters
d) 14.0 meters
e) 17.0 meters

23) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 5.0 meters
b) 4.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 3.0 meters
e) 6.0 meters

24) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) northwest
b) southwest
c) south
d) north
e) northeast

25) The name "saros" (Greek: σαρος) was first given to the eclipse cycle by

a) Hipparchus (Greek astronomer: 190 BC-120 BC)
b) Edmond Halley (A friend and colleage of Newton: 1656 AD-1742 AD)
c) an unknown Babylonian
d) Ptolemy (Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt: 90 AD-168 AD)

26) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way down is

a) up
b) zero
c) down

27) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"

a) True
b) False

28) Estimates of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 fell by ______ percent after the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011.

a) 90
b) 50
c) 10

29) In London (circa 1935) thousands of vacuum tubes were used to

a) control a telephone exchange
b) count votes in an election
c) calculate the value of π
d) control a textile mill

30) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4 to A?

a) lose 3 points
b) win 1 point
c) lose Q points
d) no points awarded or lost

31) Depleting the ozone layer cools the stratosphere because ozone allows UV radiation to penetrate.

a) true
b) false

32) Why was it important to observe supernovae in galaxies that are close to us?

a) it is easier to measure the doppler shift, and that is not always easy to measure.
b) we have other ways of knowing the distances to the nearby galaxies; this gives us the opportunity to study supernovae of known distance and ascertain their absolute magnitude.
c) they have less of a red-shift, and interstellar gas absorbs red light
d) because supernovea are impossible to see in distant galaxies

33) Soot tends to cool the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

34) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the four seasons.

a) true
b) false

35) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet until the thermal (infra-red) radiation away the planet rises to match the solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

36) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following loses?

a) none of these are true
b) two of these are true
c) K♠ and K♣
d) K and K♣
e) K and K♠

37) If the frequency f associated with a photon increases by a factor of 4, the photon's wavelength λ

a) is reduced by a factor of 4
b) becomes 4 times as big
c) is cut in half
d) stays the same
e) becomes twice as big

38) The purpose of Eli Whitney's cotton gin was to

a) clean cotton
b) spin cotton
c) pick cotton
d) remove seeds
e) weave cotton

39) The Turing machine was a(n) ______ device

a) analog
b) conceptual
c) prototype
d) electromechanical
e) digital

40) While the Babylonians invented what we call the Saros cycle, they did not call it by that name.

a) true
b) false
41) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) A: 001110
c) B: 001110
d) B: 000111

42) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 3/4
b) 1/4
c) 0
d) 1
e) 1/2

43) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

44) An example of a standard candle is

a) all of these are standard candles
b) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
c) a supernova in a distant galaxy
d) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark

45) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

46) in 2013, the IPCC stated that the largest driver of global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Other important sources of CO2 are

a) population growth and waste disposal
b) cement production and land use changes
c) cement production and waste disposal
d) population growth

47) Which lens has the shorter focal length?

a) They have the same focal lengh.
b)
c)

48) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) fifth
b) dissonance
c) octave

#### FE A2

1) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet until the thermal (infra-red) radiation away the planet rises to match the solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

2) The Earth's average surface temperature rose by approximately _______ per decade over the period 1906–2005.

a) 0.7°C
b) 0.07°C
c) 7.0°C

3) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"

a) True
b) False

4) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following loses?

a) K and K♣
b) K♠ and K♣
c) K and K♠
d) two of these are true
e) none of these are true

5) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 years;   3%
b) 6 months;   3%
c) 6 months;   30%
d) 6 years;   30%

6) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southwest
b) south
c) west
d) northwest
e) southeast

7) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 0
e) 3/4

8) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) dissonance
b) fifth
c) octave
9) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) B: 011110
d) A: 011110
10)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
a) 1/4
b) 0
c) 3/4
d) 1/2
e) 5/4
f) 1

11) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southwest
b) south
c) north
d) northeast
e) northwest

12) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

13) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30° from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60°, making it at right angles from the first filter. What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?

a) 1/16
b) 1/8
c) 3/32
d) 3/16
e) 1/32

14) The Turing machine was a(n) ______ device

a) electromechanical
b) conceptual
c) digital
d) prototype
e) analog

15) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4 to A?

a) no points awarded or lost
b) win 1 point
c) lose Q points
d) lose 3 points

16) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 4.0 meters
c) 5.0 meters
d) 6.0 meters
e) 3.0 meters

17) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

18) If the frequency f associated with a photon increases by a factor of 4, the photon's wavelength λ

a) is cut in half
b) is reduced by a factor of 4
c) becomes twice as big
d) stays the same
e) becomes 4 times as big

19) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way down is

a) down
b) up
c) zero

20) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the four seasons.

a) true
b) false

21) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 35°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 3/4
b) 1/4
c) 1/2
d) 0
e) 1

22) Which lens has the shorter focal length?

a)
b)
c) They have the same focal lengh.
23) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) B: 001110
c) B: 000111
d) A: 001110

24) in 2013, the IPCC stated that the largest driver of global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Other important sources of CO2 are

a) population growth
b) cement production and land use changes
c) cement production and waste disposal
d) population growth and waste disposal

25) The name "saros" (Greek: σαρος) was first given to the eclipse cycle by

a) Ptolemy (Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt: 90 AD-168 AD)
b) Edmond Halley (A friend and colleage of Newton: 1656 AD-1742 AD)
c) an unknown Babylonian
d) Hipparchus (Greek astronomer: 190 BC-120 BC)

26) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing iron containers with glass containers
b) replacing glass containers with lead containers
c) replacing glass containers with iron containers
d) replacing lead containers with glass containers

27) The largest temperature increases (from 2000-2009) have occurred

a) in the western hemisphere
b) on the ocean surface
c) near the poles
d) near the equator

28) The focal point is where

a) rays meet if they were parallel to the optical axis before striking a lens
b) rays meet whenever they are forming an image
c) rays meet if they are parallel to each other
d) rays meet whenever they pass through a lens
e) the center of the lens

29) Depleting the ozone layer cools the stratosphere because ozone allows UV radiation to penetrate.

a) true
b) false

30) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 3
c) 1
d) 5
e) 4

31) How many years did it take before Europe made a device as sophisticated as the Antikythera mechanism?

a) 15,000 years
b) 30 years
c) 1500 years
d) 3000 years
e) 300 years

32) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) linearly
b) circular
c) circular or elliptical
d) circular or linear
e) linear or elliptical
33) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) A: 000110
c) B: 001100
d) A: 001110
34)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) −1/5
b) 0
c) +1
d) +1/5
e) −2/5
f) +2/5

35) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 8.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 11.0 meters
d) 10.0 meters
e) 12.0 meters

36) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 13.0 meters
b) 15.0 meters
c) 14.0 meters
d) 16.0 meters
e) 17.0 meters

37) Estimates of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 fell by ______ percent after the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011.

a) 90
b) 10
c) 50

38) No direct method exists that permits an independent measurement of the heat content of the oceans, other than the fact that the air is warming

a) true
b) false

39) The purpose of Eli Whitney's cotton gin was to

a) remove seeds
b) spin cotton
c) clean cotton
d) weave cotton
e) pick cotton

40) An example of a standard candle is

a) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
b) a supernova in a distant galaxy
c) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
d) all of these are standard candles

41) Chadwick's discovery of the neutron was significant because neutrons

a) can be used to create radioactive material at a low price
b) are not radioactive
c) are an excellent fuel for nuclear power

42) While the Babylonians invented what we call the Saros cycle, they did not call it by that name.

a) true
b) false

43) Why was it important to observe supernovae in galaxies that are close to us?

a) we have other ways of knowing the distances to the nearby galaxies; this gives us the opportunity to study supernovae of known distance and ascertain their absolute magnitude.
b) because supernovea are impossible to see in distant galaxies
c) it is easier to measure the doppler shift, and that is not always easy to measure.
d) they have less of a red-shift, and interstellar gas absorbs red light

44) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
b) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
e) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.

45) In London (circa 1935) thousands of vacuum tubes were used to

a) calculate the value of π
b) control a textile mill
c) control a telephone exchange
d) count votes in an election

46) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) octave
b) dissonance
c) fifth

47) Soot tends to cool the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

48) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that more heat is lost from the planet to compensate.

a) true
b) false

### FE B0

1) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way up is

a) zero
b) down
c) up

2) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northeast
b) northeast
c) southeast
d) northwest
e) north

3) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the west
c) to the east

4) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 1 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 6.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 5.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 2 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 4.0 meters
b) 3.0 meters
c) 6.0 meters
d) 7.0 meters
e) 5.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 16.0 meters
b) 19.0 meters
c) 20.0 meters
d) 17.0 meters
e) 18.0 meters

7) What happens to the wavelength on a wave on a stretched string if the wave passes from lightweight (low density) region of the rope to a heavy (high density) rope?

a) the wavelength gets longer
b) the wavelength stays the same
c) the wavelength gets shorter

8) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.
b) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
c) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
d) Echo usually stifles the beats

9) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once a 5 months
b) once every 50 years
c) once every 5 years

10) What if clouds of dust blocked the light from distant stars? Could that allow for an infinite and static universe?

a) No, if there were clouds, we wouldn't see the distant galaxies
b) Yes, that is an actively pursued hypothesis
c) No, the clouds would get hot
d) No, there are clouds, but they remain too cold to resolve the paradox
11)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
b) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object
c) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
d) how a farsighted person might see a distant object

12) Mr. Smith is gazing at something as shown in the figure to the left. Suppose he does not refocus, but attempts to stare at the star shown in the figures below. Which diagram depicts how the rays from the star would travel if he does not refocus?

a)
b)
c)

13) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 3 points
b) win 1 point
c) be disqualified for cheating
d) lose 1 point
e) win 3 points

14) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average win ___ times.

a) 3
b) 1
c) 5
d) 4
e) 2

15) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"

a) True
b) False

16) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as either a "two" or a "three"?

a) 2/6
b) 1/6
c) 4/6
d) 5/6
e) 3/6

17) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) circular
b) circular or linear
c) circular or elliptical
d) linear or elliptical
e) linearly

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 3mW
b) 6mW
c) 4mW
d) 8mW
e) 9mW

19) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
b) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
c) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

20) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.5?

a) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
b) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
c) ${\displaystyle 3}$
d) ${\displaystyle 0}$
e) ${\displaystyle 4}$

21) If the frequency f associated with a photon increases by a factor of 4, the photon's energy E

a) is cut in half
b) becomes 4 times as big
c) becomes twice as big
d) stays the same
e) is reduced by a factor of 4

22) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 4x1018
b) 8x1018
c) 1018
d) 2x1018
e) 6x1018
23)
This figure is associated with
a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
24)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 2/5
b) 5/6
c) 3/4
d) 2/4=1/2
e) 3/5
25)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) −1/5
b) 0
c) −2/5
d) +1
e) +2/5
f) +1/5

26) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to improve The Nautical Almanac.

a) true
b) false

27) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to predict lunar eclipses

a) true
b) false

28) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Lunar phases.

a) true
b) false

29) What clue is cited to suggest that the Antikythera device was not the first of its kind?

a) Other boxes in the wreck seemed to have held similar devices.
b) Instructions for making other devices were found at the wreck site.
c) The quality of its manufacture.
d) Chemical analysis of the bronze.

30) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 2
b) 20
c) 40
d) 1
e) 10

31) Suppose that you see a full moon, but no eclipse. You can be certain that a full moon will also occur exactly one Saros later.

a) true
b) false
32) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) A: 001110
c) B: 001110
d) B: 000111
33) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) A: 011110
d) B: 011110
34) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) A: 011110
d) H: 011110

35) Henry Cort developed rolling, which is 15 times _____ than ______

a) cheaper, hammering
b) faster, puddling
c) faster, hammering
d) cheaper, puddling

36) During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

a) Germany
b) United States
c) Italy
d) Sweden
e) Great Britain

37) According to Wikipedia, the prediction made in 1954 that electricity would someday be "too cheap to meter" was

a) an argument that fossil fuels are so abundant that we don't need nuclear energy
b) an effort to promote nuclear fusion as an energy source
c) an effort to promote nuclear fission as an energy source

38) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) more
b) less
c) comparable

39) A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from properly run nuclear plants is ___________ the radiation created by burning coal

a) 100 times less than
b) 10 times more than
c) 100 times more than
d) about the same as
e) 10 times less than

40) It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

a) true
b) false

41) Anthropogenic means something that

a) will hurt humans
b) humans can repair
c) humans cannot repair
d) human caused

42) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 1.6° Celsius
b) 0.16° Celsius
c) 0.06° Celsius
d) 16° Celsius
e) 0.6° Celsius

43) Ocean temperatures are increasing more slowly than land temperatures because the oceans are absorbing less heat energy from the sun

a) true
b) false

44) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements. The solid black line represents

a) a 10 year average
b) thermometer measurements
c) the Little Ice Age
d) tree proxy measurements
e) the Medieval Warming Period

45) Emissions scenarios are

a) estimates of how greenhouse gasses are absorbed and emitted by agriculture
b) estimates of how greenhouse gasses are absorbed and emitted by the world's oceans
c) estimates of changes in future emission levels of greenhouse gases
d) estimates of how greenhouse gasses are absorbed and emitted by nature

46) Soot tends to warm the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

47) While computer modeling indicate that the warming since 1970 is dominated by man-made greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable to conclusively ascertain whether the warming from 1910 to 1945 was anthropogenic.

a) true
b) false

48) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is more difficult to model.

a) true
b) false

#### FE B1

1) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.5?

a) ${\displaystyle 4}$
b) ${\displaystyle 3}$
c) ${\displaystyle 0}$
d) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
e) ${\displaystyle \infty }$

2) What happens to the wavelength on a wave on a stretched string if the wave passes from lightweight (low density) region of the rope to a heavy (high density) rope?

a) the wavelength gets shorter
b) the wavelength gets longer
c) the wavelength stays the same

3) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) less
b) comparable
c) more

4) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
b) Echo usually stifles the beats
c) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
d) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.
5)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 2/5
b) 2/4=1/2
c) 3/4
d) 5/6
e) 3/5

6) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"

a) True
b) False

7) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 16.0 meters
b) 19.0 meters
c) 17.0 meters
d) 18.0 meters
e) 20.0 meters

8) Soot tends to warm the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

9) While computer modeling indicate that the warming since 1970 is dominated by man-made greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable to conclusively ascertain whether the warming from 1910 to 1945 was anthropogenic.

a) true
b) false

10) Mr. Smith is gazing at something as shown in the figure to the left. Suppose he does not refocus, but attempts to stare at the star shown in the figures below. Which diagram depicts how the rays from the star would travel if he does not refocus?

a)
b)
c)

11) Emissions scenarios are

a) estimates of changes in future emission levels of greenhouse gases
b) estimates of how greenhouse gasses are absorbed and emitted by agriculture
c) estimates of how greenhouse gasses are absorbed and emitted by nature
d) estimates of how greenhouse gasses are absorbed and emitted by the world's oceans
12)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) +1/5
b) +1
c) +2/5
d) 0
e) −1/5
f) −2/5

13) Anthropogenic means something that

a) will hurt humans
b) humans cannot repair
c) human caused
d) humans can repair

14) During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

a) United States
b) Sweden
c) Italy
d) Germany
e) Great Britain

15) If the frequency f associated with a photon increases by a factor of 4, the photon's energy E

a) is reduced by a factor of 4
b) stays the same
c) becomes twice as big
d) becomes 4 times as big
e) is cut in half

16) Henry Cort developed rolling, which is 15 times _____ than ______

a) cheaper, puddling
b) faster, hammering
c) cheaper, hammering
d) faster, puddling

17) Ocean temperatures are increasing more slowly than land temperatures because the oceans are absorbing less heat energy from the sun

a) true
b) false

18) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 40
b) 1
c) 10
d) 20
e) 2

19) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 2 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 4.0 meters
b) 3.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 6.0 meters
e) 5.0 meters

20) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average win ___ times.

a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 4
e) 1

21) A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from properly run nuclear plants is ___________ the radiation created by burning coal

a) 100 times more than
b) 10 times more than
c) 100 times less than
d) about the same as
e) 10 times less than
22)
This figure is associated with
a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
23)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object
b) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
c) how a farsighted person might see a distant object
d) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort

24) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 1 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 9.0 meters
b) 6.0 meters
c) 5.0 meters
d) 7.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

25) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) circular
b) linear or elliptical
c) circular or linear
d) linearly
e) circular or elliptical

26) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northeast
b) southeast
c) northwest
d) northeast
e) north

27) What clue is cited to suggest that the Antikythera device was not the first of its kind?

a) Other boxes in the wreck seemed to have held similar devices.
b) The quality of its manufacture.
c) Chemical analysis of the bronze.
d) Instructions for making other devices were found at the wreck site.

28) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 6x1018
b) 8x1018
c) 4x1018
d) 2x1018
e) 1018

29) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way up is

a) up
b) down
c) zero

30) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is more difficult to model.

a) true
b) false
31) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) A: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) B: 011110
d) H: 011110

32) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) win 1 point
b) be disqualified for cheating
c) lose 1 point
d) win 3 points
e) lose 3 points

33) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 0.6° Celsius
b) 0.06° Celsius
c) 16° Celsius
d) 1.6° Celsius
e) 0.16° Celsius

34) What if clouds of dust blocked the light from distant stars? Could that allow for an infinite and static universe?

a) No, the clouds would get hot
b) Yes, that is an actively pursued hypothesis
c) No, there are clouds, but they remain too cold to resolve the paradox
d) No, if there were clouds, we wouldn't see the distant galaxies

35) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 4mW
b) 9mW
c) 8mW
d) 6mW
e) 3mW

36) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to improve The Nautical Almanac.

a) true
b) false

37) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as either a "two" or a "three"?

a) 4/6
b) 1/6
c) 3/6
d) 2/6
e) 5/6

38) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the west
c) to the east

39) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
b) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

40) It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

a) true
b) false

41) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to predict lunar eclipses

a) true
b) false

42) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once every 50 years
b) once every 5 years
c) once a 5 months
43) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 000111
b) A: 001110
c) A: 001110
d) B: 001110

44) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Lunar phases.

a) true
b) false

45) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements. The solid black line represents

a) tree proxy measurements
b) thermometer measurements
c) the Little Ice Age
d) the Medieval Warming Period
e) a 10 year average

46) According to Wikipedia, the prediction made in 1954 that electricity would someday be "too cheap to meter" was

a) an argument that fossil fuels are so abundant that we don't need nuclear energy
b) an effort to promote nuclear fusion as an energy source
c) an effort to promote nuclear fission as an energy source

47) Suppose that you see a full moon, but no eclipse. You can be certain that a full moon will also occur exactly one Saros later.

a) true
b) false
48) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) A: 011110

#### FE B2

1) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
2) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) A: 011110
d) B: 011110

3) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way up is

a) down
b) up
c) zero

4) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
b) Echo usually stifles the beats
c) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
d) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.

5) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements. The solid black line represents

a) the Medieval Warming Period
b) thermometer measurements
c) tree proxy measurements
d) a 10 year average
e) the Little Ice Age

6) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 6mW
b) 4mW
c) 3mW
d) 8mW
e) 9mW

7) It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

a) true
b) false

8) While computer modeling indicate that the warming since 1970 is dominated by man-made greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable to conclusively ascertain whether the warming from 1910 to 1945 was anthropogenic.

a) true
b) false

9) During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

a) Germany
b) Sweden
c) United States
d) Italy
e) Great Britain

10) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as either a "two" or a "three"?

a) 3/6
b) 5/6
c) 1/6
d) 2/6
e) 4/6

11) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 0.06° Celsius
b) 16° Celsius
c) 0.16° Celsius
d) 1.6° Celsius
e) 0.6° Celsius
12)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 0
b) −1/5
c) +1
d) +1/5
e) −2/5
f) +2/5

13) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 20
b) 40
c) 2
d) 10
e) 1
14)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
b) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object
c) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
d) how a farsighted person might see a distant object

15) What clue is cited to suggest that the Antikythera device was not the first of its kind?

a) Chemical analysis of the bronze.
b) Instructions for making other devices were found at the wreck site.
c) Other boxes in the wreck seemed to have held similar devices.
d) The quality of its manufacture.

16) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) to the west
b) zero
c) to the east

17) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"

a) True
b) False

18) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) comparable
b) less
c) more

19) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.5?

a) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
b) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
c) ${\displaystyle 4}$
d) ${\displaystyle 3}$
e) ${\displaystyle 0}$

20) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 1018
b) 4x1018
c) 8x1018
d) 6x1018
e) 2x1018

21) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northeast
b) northwest
c) northeast
d) north
e) southeast

22) If the frequency f associated with a photon increases by a factor of 4, the photon's energy E

a) is cut in half
b) is reduced by a factor of 4
c) becomes 4 times as big
d) becomes twice as big
e) stays the same

23) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 1 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 5.0 meters
b) 6.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

24) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 2 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 4.0 meters
c) 6.0 meters
d) 5.0 meters
e) 3.0 meters

25) According to Wikipedia, the prediction made in 1954 that electricity would someday be "too cheap to meter" was

a) an effort to promote nuclear fission as an energy source
b) an effort to promote nuclear fusion as an energy source
c) an argument that fossil fuels are so abundant that we don't need nuclear energy

26) Henry Cort developed rolling, which is 15 times _____ than ______

a) faster, hammering
b) cheaper, puddling
c) cheaper, hammering
d) faster, puddling

27) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is more difficult to model.

a) true
b) false
28) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) A: 011110
d) H: 011110

29) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to improve The Nautical Almanac.

a) true
b) false

30) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) win 1 point
b) win 3 points
c) lose 3 points
d) be disqualified for cheating
e) lose 1 point

31) Mr. Smith is gazing at something as shown in the figure to the left. Suppose he does not refocus, but attempts to stare at the star shown in the figures below. Which diagram depicts how the rays from the star would travel if he does not refocus?

a)
b)
c)
32)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 3/5
b) 2/4=1/2
c) 5/6
d) 2/5
e) 3/4

33) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to predict lunar eclipses

a) true
b) false

34) Suppose that you see a full moon, but no eclipse. You can be certain that a full moon will also occur exactly one Saros later.

a) true
b) false

35) What happens to the wavelength on a wave on a stretched string if the wave passes from lightweight (low density) region of the rope to a heavy (high density) rope?

a) the wavelength gets shorter
b) the wavelength gets longer
c) the wavelength stays the same

36) Ocean temperatures are increasing more slowly than land temperatures because the oceans are absorbing less heat energy from the sun

a) true
b) false

37) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average win ___ times.

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
e) 1
38) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) A: 001110
c) B: 001110
d) B: 000111

39) Anthropogenic means something that

a) humans cannot repair
b) humans can repair
c) will hurt humans
d) human caused

40) A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from properly run nuclear plants is ___________ the radiation created by burning coal

a) 10 times less than
b) 10 times more than
c) 100 times less than
d) 100 times more than
e) about the same as

41) Emissions scenarios are

a) estimates of how greenhouse gasses are absorbed and emitted by agriculture
b) estimates of changes in future emission levels of greenhouse gases
c) estimates of how greenhouse gasses are absorbed and emitted by the world's oceans
d) estimates of how greenhouse gasses are absorbed and emitted by nature

42) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once a 5 months
b) once every 50 years
c) once every 5 years

43) What if clouds of dust blocked the light from distant stars? Could that allow for an infinite and static universe?

a) No, the clouds would get hot
b) No, if there were clouds, we wouldn't see the distant galaxies
c) Yes, that is an actively pursued hypothesis
d) No, there are clouds, but they remain too cold to resolve the paradox

44) Soot tends to warm the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

45) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Lunar phases.

a) true
b) false

46) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) circular or linear
b) linearly
c) linear or elliptical
d) circular
e) circular or elliptical
47)
This figure is associated with
a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

48) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 16.0 meters
b) 20.0 meters
c) 18.0 meters
d) 19.0 meters
e) 17.0 meters

### FE C0

1) When a table cloth is quickly pulled out from under dishes, they hardly move. This is because

a) the cloth is more slippery when it is pulled quickly
b) objects don't begin to accelerate until after the force has been applied
c) the cloth is accelerating for such a brief time that there is little motion

2) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) southwest
b) south
c) north
d) northeast
e) northwest

3) If you toss a coin into the air, the acceleration on the way down is

a) down
b) up
c) zero

4) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 4.0 meters
c) 5.0 meters
d) 6.0 meters
e) 3.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 10.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 4 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 1 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 4 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

7) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) dissonance
b) octave
c) fifth

8) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
b) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
c) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.
d) Echo usually stifles the beats

9) If a star were rushing towards Earth at a high speed

a) there would be a red shift in the spectral lines
b) there would be a blue shift in the spectral lines
c) there would be no shift in the spectral lines

10) An example of a standard candle is

a) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
b) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
c) a supernova in a distant galaxy
d) all of these are standard candles

11) The focal point is where

a) rays meet whenever they pass through a lens
b) rays meet if they were parallel to the optical axis before striking a lens
c) rays meet whenever they are forming an image
d) rays meet if they are parallel to each other
e) the center of the lens

12) After passing through a the lens of a camera or the eye, the focal point is defined as where the rays meet.

a) true
b) false

13) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 3 points
b) be disqualified for cheating
c) win 3 points
d) lose 1 point
e) win 1 point

14) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 6
b) 2
c) 4
d) 5
e) 3

15) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as anything but "two"?

a) 5/6
b) 1/6
c) 3/6
d) 2/6
e) 4/6

16) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 2.2
b) 3.3
c) 9.9
d) 1.1

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30° to that field?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 8mW
b) 4mW
c) 6mW
d) 9mW
e) 3mW

19) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)
b) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.
c) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
d) never

20) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
b) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
c) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
d) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
e) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy

21) If the wavelength λ associated with a photon doubles, the photon's frequency f

a) becomes twice as big
b) becomes 4 times as big
c) is reduced by a factor of 4
d) stays the same
e) is cut in half

22) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 50°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 3/4
b) 1/2
c) 0
d) 1/4
e) 1

23) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 1/4
d) 3/4
e) 1/2
24)
Calculate the quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 0
b) +1
c) +2/5
d) +1/5
e) −2/5
f) −1/5
25)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 0
b) −1/5
c) +1/5
d) +1
e) −2/5
f) +2/5

26) The Turing machine could not have been invented until after the halting problem was solved.

a) true
b) false

27) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to predict lunar eclipses

a) true
b) false

28) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Greek names transcribed into Egyptian hieroglyphs.

a) true
b) false

29) Chemical analysis of the bronze used in the gears of the Antikythera device

a) suggested that a number of such devices had been produced.
b) suggested that Greek technology was used.
c) was not possible due to the degree of corrosion.
d) suggested that Roman technology was used.

30) The name "saros" (Greek: σαρος) was first given to the eclipse cycle by

a) Ptolemy (Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt: 90 AD-168 AD)
b) an unknown Babylonian
c) Edmond Halley (A friend and colleage of Newton: 1656 AD-1742 AD)
d) Hipparchus (Greek astronomer: 190 BC-120 BC)

31) If an eclipse occurs, a simlar eclipse will occur at the next Saros(roughly 18 years later). At this eclipse, the ______ will be the same. (Pick the best answer.)

a) day of the month
b) time of day
c) season of the year
32) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000100
b) B: 000010
c) B: 000100
d) A: 000010
33) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) A: 001100
b) B: 000110
c) B: 000110
d) A: 000110
34) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) A: 011110
d) H: 011110

35) A major change in the metal industries during the era of the Industrial Revolution was the replacement of wood and other bio-fuels with coal. Compared to wood, coal required

a) about the same labour to mine, but was more abundant than wood.
b) less labour to mine and was also more abundant.
c) less labour to mine, but was less abundant (until the Rineland coal fields were discovered).

36) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing iron containers with glass containers
b) replacing glass containers with lead containers
c) replacing lead containers with glass containers
d) replacing glass containers with iron containers

37) The first nuclear power plant to contribute to the grid was situated in

a) Russia
b) Great Britain
c) Virginia
d) Oak Ridge

38) According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

a) less
b) about the same
c) greater

39) In the United States, reprocessing of spent Uranium

a) is not allowed due to waste management concerns
b) provides 5% of our fuel needs which is consumed within the United states
c) provides 20% of our fuel needs and allows the United States to export nuclear fuel
d) is not allowed due to nuclear weapon proliferation concerns

40) One concern about fast breeder reactors is that the uranium reserves will be exhausted more quickly

a) true
b) false

41) Which statement is FALSE about the lede's map of the temperature anomaly (2000-2009)?

a) all portions of Antarctica have warmed
b) The United States has warmed more than Australia
c) Central Europe has warmed more than the continental United States
d) Northern Asia has warmed more than southern Asia

42) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows dips and rises that are caused by changes in

a) the world economy
b) the sun's energy output
c) the earth's distance from the sun
d) worldwide efforts to curtail emissions

43) In the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise was closest to

a) 0.7 °C per decade
b) 0.7 °C per year
c) 0.7 °C per century

44) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements
b) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements
c) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements
d) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period

45) It is expected that carbon emissions will begin to diminish in the 21st century as fossil fuel reserves begin to dwindle.

a) true
b) false

46) Carbon dioxide contributes more to the greenhouse effect than does water vapor.

a) true
b) false

47) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet until the thermal (infra-red) radiation away the planet rises to match the solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

48) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

#### FE C1

1) The first nuclear power plant to contribute to the grid was situated in

a) Great Britain
b) Russia
c) Oak Ridge
d) Virginia

2) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 50°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 0
c) 1/2
d) 3/4
e) 1/4

3) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
b) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
c) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.
d) Echo usually stifles the beats

4) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet until the thermal (infra-red) radiation away the planet rises to match the solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

5) Carbon dioxide contributes more to the greenhouse effect than does water vapor.

a) true
b) false

6) In the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise was closest to

a) 0.7 °C per century
b) 0.7 °C per year
c) 0.7 °C per decade

7) When a table cloth is quickly pulled out from under dishes, they hardly move. This is because

a) the cloth is accelerating for such a brief time that there is little motion
b) objects don't begin to accelerate until after the force has been applied
c) the cloth is more slippery when it is pulled quickly

8) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to predict lunar eclipses

a) true
b) false

9) An example of a standard candle is

a) a supernova in a distant galaxy
b) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
c) all of these are standard candles
d) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark

10) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as anything but "two"?

a) 5/6
b) 2/6
c) 4/6
d) 3/6
e) 1/6

11) The focal point is where

a) the center of the lens
b) rays meet whenever they are forming an image
c) rays meet if they are parallel to each other
d) rays meet whenever they pass through a lens
e) rays meet if they were parallel to the optical axis before striking a lens

12) The name "saros" (Greek: σαρος) was first given to the eclipse cycle by

a) Ptolemy (Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt: 90 AD-168 AD)
b) an unknown Babylonian
c) Edmond Halley (A friend and colleage of Newton: 1656 AD-1742 AD)
d) Hipparchus (Greek astronomer: 190 BC-120 BC)

13) Chemical analysis of the bronze used in the gears of the Antikythera device

a) suggested that Greek technology was used.
b) suggested that Roman technology was used.
c) suggested that a number of such devices had been produced.
d) was not possible due to the degree of corrosion.

14) One concern about fast breeder reactors is that the uranium reserves will be exhausted more quickly

a) true
b) false

15) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows dips and rises that are caused by changes in

a) the sun's energy output
b) the earth's distance from the sun
c) worldwide efforts to curtail emissions
d) the world economy

16) If the wavelength λ associated with a photon doubles, the photon's frequency f

a) becomes 4 times as big
b) is reduced by a factor of 4
c) becomes twice as big
d) stays the same
e) is cut in half

17) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 4 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 1 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 4 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 7.0 meters
c) 10.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

18) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 1.1
b) 2.2
c) 9.9
d) 3.3
19) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) A: 001100
b) A: 000110
c) B: 000110
d) B: 000110

20) It is expected that carbon emissions will begin to diminish in the 21st century as fossil fuel reserves begin to dwindle.

a) true
b) false

21) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

22) If a star were rushing towards Earth at a high speed

a) there would be no shift in the spectral lines
b) there would be a blue shift in the spectral lines
c) there would be a red shift in the spectral lines

23) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements
b) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements
c) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period
d) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements

24) In the United States, reprocessing of spent Uranium

a) is not allowed due to nuclear weapon proliferation concerns
b) provides 5% of our fuel needs which is consumed within the United states
c) provides 20% of our fuel needs and allows the United States to export nuclear fuel
d) is not allowed due to waste management concerns

25) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) octave
b) dissonance
c) fifth

26) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) south
b) north
c) northwest
d) southwest
e) northeast

27) If an eclipse occurs, a simlar eclipse will occur at the next Saros(roughly 18 years later). At this eclipse, the ______ will be the same. (Pick the best answer.)

a) time of day
b) day of the month
c) season of the year

28) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) win 1 point
b) lose 1 point
c) win 3 points
d) be disqualified for cheating
e) lose 3 points

29) After passing through a the lens of a camera or the eye, the focal point is defined as where the rays meet.

a) true
b) false

30) If you toss a coin into the air, the acceleration on the way down is

a) zero
b) down
c) up

31) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Greek names transcribed into Egyptian hieroglyphs.

a) true
b) false

32) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 8mW
b) 9mW
c) 4mW
d) 3mW
e) 6mW

33) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30° to that field?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
34) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000010
b) B: 000100
c) A: 000100
d) A: 000010

35) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing lead containers with glass containers
b) replacing iron containers with glass containers
c) replacing glass containers with lead containers
d) replacing glass containers with iron containers
36) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

37) A major change in the metal industries during the era of the Industrial Revolution was the replacement of wood and other bio-fuels with coal. Compared to wood, coal required

a) less labour to mine and was also more abundant.
b) about the same labour to mine, but was more abundant than wood.
c) less labour to mine, but was less abundant (until the Rineland coal fields were discovered).

38) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
b) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
c) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
d) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
e) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
39)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) +1/5
b) −2/5
c) −1/5
d) +1
e) +2/5
f) 0

40) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 3
b) 2
c) 5
d) 6
e) 4

41) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1/2
b) 1
c) 0
d) 3/4
e) 1/4
42)
Calculate the quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) −1/5
b) 0
c) −2/5
d) +1/5
e) +2/5
f) +1

43) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 4.0 meters
b) 5.0 meters
c) 3.0 meters
d) 6.0 meters
e) 7.0 meters

44) The Turing machine could not have been invented until after the halting problem was solved.

a) true
b) false

45) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
b) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.
c) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)
d) never

46) According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

a) greater
b) about the same
c) less

47) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 11.0 meters
c) 10.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

48) Which statement is FALSE about the lede's map of the temperature anomaly (2000-2009)?

a) Northern Asia has warmed more than southern Asia
b) Central Europe has warmed more than the continental United States
c) The United States has warmed more than Australia
d) all portions of Antarctica have warmed

#### FE C2

1) When a table cloth is quickly pulled out from under dishes, they hardly move. This is because

a) the cloth is accelerating for such a brief time that there is little motion
b) objects don't begin to accelerate until after the force has been applied
c) the cloth is more slippery when it is pulled quickly

2) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) Echo usually stifles the beats
b) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
c) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
d) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.

3) A major change in the metal industries during the era of the Industrial Revolution was the replacement of wood and other bio-fuels with coal. Compared to wood, coal required

a) about the same labour to mine, but was more abundant than wood.
b) less labour to mine, but was less abundant (until the Rineland coal fields were discovered).
c) less labour to mine and was also more abundant.
4) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000010
b) A: 000100
c) B: 000010
d) B: 000100
5) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

6) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) never
b) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
c) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)
d) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.

7) If the wavelength λ associated with a photon doubles, the photon's frequency f

a) is reduced by a factor of 4
b) becomes twice as big
c) is cut in half
d) becomes 4 times as big
e) stays the same

8) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as anything but "two"?

a) 4/6
b) 5/6
c) 1/6
d) 3/6
e) 2/6

9) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 9.9
b) 1.1
c) 2.2
d) 3.3

10) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing lead containers with glass containers
b) replacing glass containers with iron containers
c) replacing iron containers with glass containers
d) replacing glass containers with lead containers

11) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northeast
b) south
c) northwest
d) north
e) southwest

12) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet until the thermal (infra-red) radiation away the planet rises to match the solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

13) In the United States, reprocessing of spent Uranium

a) is not allowed due to waste management concerns
b) is not allowed due to nuclear weapon proliferation concerns
c) provides 20% of our fuel needs and allows the United States to export nuclear fuel
d) provides 5% of our fuel needs which is consumed within the United states

14) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 50°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 3/4
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 0
e) 1

15) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 4.0 meters
b) 7.0 meters
c) 3.0 meters
d) 5.0 meters
e) 6.0 meters

16) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

17) One concern about fast breeder reactors is that the uranium reserves will be exhausted more quickly

a) true
b) false

18) Chemical analysis of the bronze used in the gears of the Antikythera device

a) suggested that a number of such devices had been produced.
b) suggested that Greek technology was used.
c) was not possible due to the degree of corrosion.
d) suggested that Roman technology was used.
19)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 0
b) −1/5
c) +2/5
d) +1/5
e) −2/5
f) +1

20) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period
b) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements
c) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements
d) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements

21) After passing through a the lens of a camera or the eye, the focal point is defined as where the rays meet.

a) true
b) false

22) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 3mW
b) 8mW
c) 9mW
d) 4mW
e) 6mW

23) If an eclipse occurs, a simlar eclipse will occur at the next Saros(roughly 18 years later). At this eclipse, the ______ will be the same. (Pick the best answer.)

a) day of the month
b) season of the year
c) time of day

24) The first nuclear power plant to contribute to the grid was situated in

a) Russia
b) Oak Ridge
c) Great Britain
d) Virginia

25) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters
26)
Calculate the quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) +1
b) +1/5
c) −2/5
d) +2/5
e) −1/5
f) 0

27) The name "saros" (Greek: σαρος) was first given to the eclipse cycle by

a) Ptolemy (Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt: 90 AD-168 AD)
b) Hipparchus (Greek astronomer: 190 BC-120 BC)
c) an unknown Babylonian
d) Edmond Halley (A friend and colleage of Newton: 1656 AD-1742 AD)

28) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows dips and rises that are caused by changes in

a) the world economy
b) the earth's distance from the sun
c) worldwide efforts to curtail emissions
d) the sun's energy output

29) Which statement is FALSE about the lede's map of the temperature anomaly (2000-2009)?

a) Central Europe has warmed more than the continental United States
b) all portions of Antarctica have warmed
c) Northern Asia has warmed more than southern Asia
d) The United States has warmed more than Australia
30) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) A: 001100
c) A: 000110
d) B: 000110

31) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30° to that field?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$

32) In the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise was closest to

a) 0.7 °C per century
b) 0.7 °C per year
c) 0.7 °C per decade

33) The Turing machine could not have been invented until after the halting problem was solved.

a) true
b) false

34) The focal point is where

a) the center of the lens
b) rays meet whenever they are forming an image
c) rays meet whenever they pass through a lens
d) rays meet if they were parallel to the optical axis before striking a lens
e) rays meet if they are parallel to each other

35) It is expected that carbon emissions will begin to diminish in the 21st century as fossil fuel reserves begin to dwindle.

a) true
b) false

36) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) dissonance
b) octave
c) fifth

37) According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

a) greater
b) about the same
c) less

38) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 4 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 1 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 4 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 9.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

39) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
b) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
c) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
d) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
e) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.

40) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) be disqualified for cheating
b) win 3 points
c) win 1 point
d) lose 3 points
e) lose 1 point

41) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to predict lunar eclipses

a) true
b) false

42) Carbon dioxide contributes more to the greenhouse effect than does water vapor.

a) true
b) false

43) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 4
b) 3
c) 2
d) 6
e) 5

44) An example of a standard candle is

a) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
b) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
c) all of these are standard candles
d) a supernova in a distant galaxy

45) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1/4
b) 1
c) 0
d) 3/4
e) 1/2

46) If a star were rushing towards Earth at a high speed

a) there would be a blue shift in the spectral lines
b) there would be a red shift in the spectral lines
c) there would be no shift in the spectral lines

47) If you toss a coin into the air, the acceleration on the way down is

a) zero
b) down
c) up

48) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Greek names transcribed into Egyptian hieroglyphs.

a) true
b) false

### FE D0

1) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) northeast
b) southeast
c) south
d) northwest
e) north

2) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) to the west
b) zero
c) to the east

3) If you toss a coin into the air, the acceleration on the way up is

a) up
b) zero
c) down

4) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 7.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 19.0 meters
b) 22.0 meters
c) 23.0 meters
d) 21.0 meters
e) 20.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 15.0 meters
b) 14.0 meters
c) 16.0 meters
d) 13.0 meters
e) 17.0 meters

7) People don't usually perceive an echo when

a) it arrives at a lower pitch
b) it takes more than a tenth of a second after the original sound to arrive
c) it arrives less than a tenth of a second after the original sound
d) it arrives at a higher pitch
e) it arrives at exactly the same pitch

8) A tuning fork with a frequency of 440 Hz is played simultaneously with a tuning fork of 442 Hz. How many beats are heard in 10 seconds?

a) 20
b) 60
c) 50
d) 30
e) 40

9) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
b) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
c) How bright it is as viewed from Earth

10) In the essay "Why the sky is dark at night", a graph of velocity versus distance is shown. What is odd about those galaxies in the Virgo cluster (circled in the graph)?

a) they are not receding away from us
b) they all have nearly the same speed
c) the cluster is close to us
d) they have a wide variety of speeds
11)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
b) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object
c) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
d) how a farsighted person might see a distant object

12) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) at infinity
b) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
c) One focal length in front of the eye
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) very far away

13) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.

a) 4
b) 2
c) 5
d) 3
e) 6

14) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 4
c) 5
d) 3
e) 1

15) By definition, a skewed distribution

a) is a "normal" distribution
b) contains no outliers
c) is asymmetric about it's peak value
d) includes negative values of the observed variable
e) is broader than an unskewed distribution

16) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 8
b) 16
c) 12
d) 6
e) 22

17) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created

a) pendulum
b) electromagnetic
c) both can be created
d) electromagnetic or pendulum

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 4mW
b) 8mW
c) 3mW
d) 9mW
e) 6mW

19) The α-strategy in the couples version of the card game is similar to the strategy introduced in the solitaire version, and calls for

a) Alice and Bob to always answer "odd"
b) Alice and Bob to always give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
c) None of these describes the α-strategy
d) Alice and Bob to always answer "even"
e) Alice and Bob to sometimes give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")

20) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?

a) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
b) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
c) ${\displaystyle 4}$
d) ${\displaystyle 3}$
e) ${\displaystyle 0}$

21) If an atom absorbs a photon with 4 eV energy, the atom's energy

a) stays the same
b) decreases by 4 eV
c) increases by 2 eV
d) decreases by 2 eV
e) increases by 4 eV
22)
This figure is associated with
a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
e) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.

23) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1/2
b) 3/4
c) 0
d) 1/4
e) 1
24)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
a) 3/4
b) 1
c) 1/4
d) 5/4
e) 1/2
f) 0
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 1/4
b) 1
c) 5/4
d) 0
e) 3/4
f) 1/2

26) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

27) A system that uses levers, pulleys, or other mechanical device to perform calculations is called an analog computer

a) true
b) false

28) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

29) What clue is cited to suggest that the Antikythera device was not the first of its kind?

a) Instructions for making other devices were found at the wreck site.
b) The quality of its manufacture.
c) Chemical analysis of the bronze.
d) Other boxes in the wreck seemed to have held similar devices.

30) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 10
b) 40
c) 2
d) 1
e) 20

31) What remains nearly the same after a single saros cycle has occured?

a) phase of moon and position of sun relative to background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
b) phase of moon and earth-moon distance
c) phase of moon and position of moon relative to the background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
32) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000010
b) B: 000100
c) B: 000010
d) A: 000100
33) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 000111
b) A: 001110
c) A: 001110
d) B: 001110
34) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

35) Which is NOT one of the three areas of development that helped initiate the industrial revolution?

a) assembly lines
b) steam power
c) textiles
d) iron making

36) The Calico Acts were initially designed to protect

a) domestic cotton production
b) large manufacturers
c) the woollen industry
d) small manufacturers

37) The worst nuclear disaster on record occurred in Russia

a) true
b) false

38) According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

a) less
b) greater
c) about the same

39) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 years;   30%
b) 6 months;   3%
c) 6 years;   3%
d) 6 months;   30%

40) A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from coal plants is ___________ the radiation nuclear plants (excluding the possibility of accidental discharges of radioactive material

a) 100 times more than
b) 100 times less than
c) about the same as
d) 10 times more than
e) 10 times less than

41) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows solid straight lines that represent

a) estimates of the contributions from fossil fuels alone
b) estimates of the impact on land temperatures
c) estimates of the contributions from everything except fossil fuels
d) estimates made in the year 2000 of what would happen in the future

42) Which statement is FALSE about the lede's map of the temperature anomaly (2000-2009)?

a) Central Europe has warmed more than the continental United States
b) Northern Asia has warmed more than southern Asia
c) The United States has warmed more than Australia
d) all portions of Antarctica have warmed

43) The Earth's average surface temperature rose by approximately _______ per decade over the period 1906–2005.

a) 0.7°C
b) 0.07°C
c) 7.0°C

44) What happens when water is heated?

a) it absorbs CO2
b) it expands at temperatures below 3.98°C and contracts above 3.98°C
c) it expands at temperatures above 3.98°C and contracts below 3.98°C

45) It is expected that carbon emissions will begin to diminish in the 21st century as fossil fuel reserves begin to dwindle.

a) true
b) false

46) The carbon cycle

a) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.
b) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
c) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.

47) How is the validity of a computer model typically tested?

a) by verifying its ability to calculate past climate conditions.
b) by making predictions about future years and seeing if they come true.
c) by verifying its ability to calculate current climate conditions.
d) all of these are true

48) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is easier to model.

a) true
b) false

#### FE D1

1) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

2) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 1
c) 4
d) 5
e) 3

3) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 2
b) 1
c) 20
d) 40
e) 10

4) What happens when water is heated?

a) it expands at temperatures below 3.98°C and contracts above 3.98°C
b) it expands at temperatures above 3.98°C and contracts below 3.98°C
c) it absorbs CO2

5) A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from coal plants is ___________ the radiation nuclear plants (excluding the possibility of accidental discharges of radioactive material

a) 10 times less than
b) about the same as
c) 100 times less than
d) 100 times more than
e) 10 times more than

6) By definition, a skewed distribution

a) is a "normal" distribution
b) contains no outliers
c) is broader than an unskewed distribution
d) is asymmetric about it's peak value
e) includes negative values of the observed variable

7) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 13.0 meters
b) 14.0 meters
c) 17.0 meters
d) 15.0 meters
e) 16.0 meters

8) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?

a) ${\displaystyle 3}$
b) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
c) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
d) ${\displaystyle 4}$
e) ${\displaystyle 0}$

9) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1/4
b) 0
c) 1/2
d) 1
e) 3/4
10) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) A: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) H: 011110

11) The carbon cycle

a) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.
b) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
c) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.

12) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is easier to model.

a) true
b) false

13) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

14) How is the validity of a computer model typically tested?

a) by making predictions about future years and seeing if they come true.
b) by verifying its ability to calculate past climate conditions.
c) by verifying its ability to calculate current climate conditions.
d) all of these are true

15) The worst nuclear disaster on record occurred in Russia

a) true
b) false

16) Which statement is FALSE about the lede's map of the temperature anomaly (2000-2009)?

a) Central Europe has warmed more than the continental United States
b) Northern Asia has warmed more than southern Asia
c) all portions of Antarctica have warmed
d) The United States has warmed more than Australia
17)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 1
b) 1/2
c) 0
d) 1/4
e) 5/4
f) 3/4

18) The Calico Acts were initially designed to protect

a) domestic cotton production
b) the woollen industry
c) large manufacturers
d) small manufacturers

19) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) at infinity
b) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
c) Two (of the other answers) are true
d) One focal length in front of the eye
e) very far away

20) In the essay "Why the sky is dark at night", a graph of velocity versus distance is shown. What is odd about those galaxies in the Virgo cluster (circled in the graph)?

a) they have a wide variety of speeds
b) they all have nearly the same speed
c) the cluster is close to us
d) they are not receding away from us

21) It is expected that carbon emissions will begin to diminish in the 21st century as fossil fuel reserves begin to dwindle.

a) true
b) false

22) The Earth's average surface temperature rose by approximately _______ per decade over the period 1906–2005.

a) 7.0°C
b) 0.07°C
c) 0.7°C

23) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the west
c) to the east
24)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
b) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object
c) how a farsighted person might see a distant object
d) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
25) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 000111
b) A: 001110
c) B: 001110
d) A: 001110
26)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
a) 0
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 3/4
e) 5/4
f) 1

27) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) south
b) southeast
c) north
d) northeast
e) northwest

28) A tuning fork with a frequency of 440 Hz is played simultaneously with a tuning fork of 442 Hz. How many beats are heard in 10 seconds?

a) 40
b) 20
c) 50
d) 30
e) 60

29) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.

a) 6
b) 3
c) 4
d) 2
e) 5

30) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 9.0 meters
b) 7.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters

31) The α-strategy in the couples version of the card game is similar to the strategy introduced in the solitaire version, and calls for

a) Alice and Bob to always give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
b) Alice and Bob to always answer "odd"
c) Alice and Bob to sometimes give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
d) Alice and Bob to always answer "even"
e) None of these describes the α-strategy

32) What clue is cited to suggest that the Antikythera device was not the first of its kind?

a) Other boxes in the wreck seemed to have held similar devices.
b) Instructions for making other devices were found at the wreck site.
c) The quality of its manufacture.
d) Chemical analysis of the bronze.

33) If you toss a coin into the air, the acceleration on the way up is

a) down
b) zero
c) up
34)
This figure is associated with
a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
e) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.

35) According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

a) less
b) greater
c) about the same

36) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 4mW
b) 3mW
c) 9mW
d) 6mW
e) 8mW

37) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 22.0 meters
b) 19.0 meters
c) 23.0 meters
d) 20.0 meters
e) 21.0 meters

38) People don't usually perceive an echo when

a) it arrives less than a tenth of a second after the original sound
b) it arrives at a lower pitch
c) it arrives at exactly the same pitch
d) it takes more than a tenth of a second after the original sound to arrive
e) it arrives at a higher pitch
39) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000100
b) A: 000010
c) A: 000100
d) B: 000010

40) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
b) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
c) How bright it is as viewed from Earth

41) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created

a) electromagnetic or pendulum
b) electromagnetic
c) pendulum
d) both can be created

42) A system that uses levers, pulleys, or other mechanical device to perform calculations is called an analog computer

a) true
b) false

43) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 22
b) 8
c) 12
d) 16
e) 6

44) Which is NOT one of the three areas of development that helped initiate the industrial revolution?

a) assembly lines
b) iron making
c) steam power
d) textiles

45) If an atom absorbs a photon with 4 eV energy, the atom's energy

a) increases by 2 eV
b) increases by 4 eV
c) decreases by 4 eV
d) stays the same
e) decreases by 2 eV

46) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows solid straight lines that represent

a) estimates of the impact on land temperatures
b) estimates made in the year 2000 of what would happen in the future
c) estimates of the contributions from fossil fuels alone
d) estimates of the contributions from everything except fossil fuels

47) What remains nearly the same after a single saros cycle has occured?

a) phase of moon and earth-moon distance
b) phase of moon and position of sun relative to background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
c) phase of moon and position of moon relative to the background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)

48) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 months;   30%
b) 6 years;   3%
c) 6 months;   3%
d) 6 years;   30%

#### FE D2

1) How is the validity of a computer model typically tested?

a) all of these are true
b) by making predictions about future years and seeing if they come true.
c) by verifying its ability to calculate past climate conditions.
d) by verifying its ability to calculate current climate conditions.

2) According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

a) about the same
b) greater
c) less

3) It is expected that carbon emissions will begin to diminish in the 21st century as fossil fuel reserves begin to dwindle.

a) true
b) false

4) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.

a) 4
b) 3
c) 5
d) 2
e) 6

5) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 3/4
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 1
e) 0

6) People don't usually perceive an echo when

a) it arrives at a lower pitch
b) it arrives at a higher pitch
c) it arrives less than a tenth of a second after the original sound
d) it takes more than a tenth of a second after the original sound to arrive
e) it arrives at exactly the same pitch

7) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 1
b) 4
c) 5
d) 3
e) 2

8) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 9mW
b) 4mW
c) 3mW
d) 6mW
e) 8mW

9) What clue is cited to suggest that the Antikythera device was not the first of its kind?

a) The quality of its manufacture.
b) Chemical analysis of the bronze.
c) Instructions for making other devices were found at the wreck site.
d) Other boxes in the wreck seemed to have held similar devices.
10)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 5/4
d) 3/4
e) 1/4
f) 1/2

11) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows solid straight lines that represent

a) estimates of the impact on land temperatures
b) estimates of the contributions from fossil fuels alone
c) estimates of the contributions from everything except fossil fuels
d) estimates made in the year 2000 of what would happen in the future

12) A system that uses levers, pulleys, or other mechanical device to perform calculations is called an analog computer

a) true
b) false

13) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 22
b) 16
c) 12
d) 6
e) 8

14) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is easier to model.

a) true
b) false

15) The Earth's average surface temperature rose by approximately _______ per decade over the period 1906–2005.

a) 7.0°C
b) 0.7°C
c) 0.07°C

16) The carbon cycle

a) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.
b) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
c) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.

17) Which statement is FALSE about the lede's map of the temperature anomaly (2000-2009)?

a) Northern Asia has warmed more than southern Asia
b) all portions of Antarctica have warmed
c) The United States has warmed more than Australia
d) Central Europe has warmed more than the continental United States

18) The α-strategy in the couples version of the card game is similar to the strategy introduced in the solitaire version, and calls for

a) Alice and Bob to sometimes give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
b) Alice and Bob to always answer "even"
c) Alice and Bob to always answer "odd"
d) None of these describes the α-strategy
e) Alice and Bob to always give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")

19) The worst nuclear disaster on record occurred in Russia

a) true
b) false

20) By definition, a skewed distribution

a) is broader than an unskewed distribution
b) includes negative values of the observed variable
c) contains no outliers
d) is a "normal" distribution
e) is asymmetric about it's peak value
21)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a farsighted person might see a distant object
b) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
c) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
d) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object

22) The Calico Acts were initially designed to protect

a) domestic cotton production
b) small manufacturers
c) the woollen industry
d) large manufacturers

23) If an atom absorbs a photon with 4 eV energy, the atom's energy

a) decreases by 2 eV
b) increases by 2 eV
c) decreases by 4 eV
d) increases by 4 eV
e) stays the same

24) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 8.0 meters
b) 7.0 meters
c) 11.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters

25) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?

a) ${\displaystyle 3}$
b) ${\displaystyle 4}$
c) ${\displaystyle 0}$
d) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
e) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$

26) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

27) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 months;   3%
b) 6 years;   3%
c) 6 months;   30%
d) 6 years;   30%

28) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the west
c) to the east

29) In the essay "Why the sky is dark at night", a graph of velocity versus distance is shown. What is odd about those galaxies in the Virgo cluster (circled in the graph)?

a) the cluster is close to us
b) they all have nearly the same speed
c) they have a wide variety of speeds
d) they are not receding away from us
30) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

31) Which is NOT one of the three areas of development that helped initiate the industrial revolution?

a) assembly lines
b) textiles
c) steam power
d) iron making

32) A tuning fork with a frequency of 440 Hz is played simultaneously with a tuning fork of 442 Hz. How many beats are heard in 10 seconds?

a) 20
b) 30
c) 50
d) 60
e) 40
33)
This figure is associated with
a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
d) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

34) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) north
b) southeast
c) south
d) northeast
e) northwest

35) What happens when water is heated?

a) it absorbs CO2
b) it expands at temperatures below 3.98°C and contracts above 3.98°C
c) it expands at temperatures above 3.98°C and contracts below 3.98°C

36) What remains nearly the same after a single saros cycle has occured?

a) phase of moon and position of moon relative to the background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
b) phase of moon and position of sun relative to background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
c) phase of moon and earth-moon distance

37) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
b) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
c) How bright it is as viewed from Earth

38) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) very far away
b) Two (of the other answers) are true
c) One focal length in front of the eye
d) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
e) at infinity

39) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created

a) electromagnetic or pendulum
b) both can be created
c) electromagnetic
d) pendulum

40) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 15.0 meters
b) 17.0 meters
c) 16.0 meters
d) 14.0 meters
e) 13.0 meters
41) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 001110
b) A: 001110
c) B: 000111
d) A: 001110

42) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false
43)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 3/4
d) 5/4
e) 1/4
f) 1/2

44) A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from coal plants is ___________ the radiation nuclear plants (excluding the possibility of accidental discharges of radioactive material

a) 10 times more than
b) about the same as
c) 100 times less than
d) 10 times less than
e) 100 times more than

45) If you toss a coin into the air, the acceleration on the way up is

a) zero
b) up
c) down

46) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 23.0 meters
b) 22.0 meters
c) 20.0 meters
d) 19.0 meters
e) 21.0 meters
47) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000010
b) A: 000100
c) B: 000100
d) B: 000010

48) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 1
b) 10
c) 20
d) 40
e) 2

### FE E0

1) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northeast
b) northwest
c) north
d) northeast
e) southeast

2) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) northeast
b) southeast
c) north
d) northwest
e) south

3) A car is traveling east and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) to the west
b) to the east
c) zero

4) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 8.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 12.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 17.0 meters
b) 16.0 meters
c) 19.0 meters
d) 20.0 meters
e) 18.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 17.0 meters
b) 16.0 meters
c) 13.0 meters
d) 15.0 meters
e) 14.0 meters

7) People don't usually perceive an echo when

a) it arrives at a lower pitch
b) it arrives at a higher pitch
c) it arrives at exactly the same pitch
d) it arrives less than a tenth of a second after the original sound
e) it takes more than a tenth of a second after the original sound to arrive

8) When a wave is reflected off a stationary barrier, the reflected wave

a) has higher frequency than the incident wave
b) has lower amplitude than the incident wave
c) both of these are true

9) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once every 5 years
b) once every 50 years
c) once a 5 months

10) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
b) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
c) How bright it is as viewed from Earth

11) The law of reflection applies to

a) flat surfaces
b) only light in a vacuum
c) telescopes but not microscopes
d) both flat and curved surfaces
e) curved surfaces

12) After passing through a the lens of a camera or the eye, the focal point is defined as where the rays meet.

a) true
b) false

13) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) be disqualified for cheating
b) lose 3 points
c) lose 1 point
d) win 3 points
e) win 1 point

14) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 6
c) 4
d) 5
e) 3

15) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is usually skewed

a) True
b) False

16) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 9.9
b) 1.1
c) 2.2
d) 3.3

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 45° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is passed by the filter?

a) 4mW
b) 6mW
c) 8mW
d) 9mW
e) 3mW

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30° from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60°, making it at right angles from the first filter. What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?

a) 1/32
b) 3/16
c) 1/8
d) 1/16
e) 3/32

19) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?

a) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
c) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
d) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it

20) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
b) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
c) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
d) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
e) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.

21) If the wavelength λ associated with a photon is cut in half, the photon's energy E

a) is reduced by a factor of 4
b) becomes 4 times as big
c) becomes twice as big
d) stays the same
e) is cut in half

22) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 70°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 0
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 3/4
e) 1

23) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 40°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 0
c) 1/2
d) 3/4
e) 1/4
24)
Calculate the quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) −2/5
b) +1/5
c) 0
d) +2/5
e) −1/5
f) +1
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
a) 1/4
b) 5/4
c) 1/2
d) 1
e) 0
f) 3/4

26) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

27) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, divide by 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false

28) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Saros cycle.

a) true
b) false

29) How did the Antikythera mechanism compensate for leap years?

a) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by a differential gear; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.
b) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by hand; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.
c) There was no need to compensate for the leap year because the Sothic calendar included a leap year every four years.

30) Your best friend's pet lizard is thirsty every 2 days, hungry every 3 days, and frisky every 5 days. If she is thirsty, hungry, and frisky today, whe will be thirsty, hungry, and frisky _____ days later

a) 30
b) 40
c) 10
d) 15

31) What is so special about 3 Saros cycles (triple Saros)?

a) this eclipse will occur at the same day of the month (plus or minus one day)
b) this eclipse terminates the Saros (and a new Saros number is assigned.)
c) this eclipse will occur with the Moon in the same position on the zodiac.
d) this eclipse will occur at the same time of day
32) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000100
b) A: 000100
c) A: 000010
d) B: 000010
33) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) A: 000110
c) A: 001110
d) B: 001100
34) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) A: 011110

35) The Industrial Revolution lasted just under _____ years

a) 500
b) 400
c) 300
d) 100
e) 200

36) The dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, output and invested capital was

a) railroads
b) military spending
c) farm equipment
d) ship building
e) textiles

37) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) less
b) more
c) comparable

38) From the figure depicting percentage of power produced by nuclear power plants, we see that the proper ranking from greatest to least reliance on nuclear power for three nations is

a) United States, France, with Turkey least reliant.
b) United States, Turkey, France least reliant.
c) France, United States, with Turkey least reliant.
d) France ,Turkey , with the United States least reliant.

39) The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico

a) can no longer nuclear waste from production reactors because it is full
b) was originally a research and development facility but is now under private ownership
c) is currently taking nuclear waste from production reactors

40) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 years;   30%
b) 6 years;   3%
c) 6 months;   30%
d) 6 months;   3%

41) The 2007 IPCC report stated that most global warming was likely being caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities. Among the science academies of the major industrialized nations, this finding was recognized by

a) 90% of the academies of science
b) all but the US academy of science
c) all of the academies of science
d) 60% of the academies of science

42) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 0.06° Celsius
b) 16° Celsius
c) 0.6° Celsius
d) 1.6° Celsius
e) 0.16° Celsius

43) A rise in the sea level is associated with global warming because

a) both of these are true
b) ice and snow melts
c) water tends to expand as it warms

44) What happens when water is heated?

a) it expands at temperatures below 3.98°C and contracts above 3.98°C
b) it expands at temperatures above 3.98°C and contracts below 3.98°C
c) it absorbs CO2

45) Soot tends to cool the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

46) In the arctic, soot tends to cool the earth.

a) true
b) false

47) How is the validity of a computer model typically tested?

a) by verifying its ability to calculate current climate conditions.
b) by verifying its ability to calculate past climate conditions.
c) by making predictions about future years and seeing if they come true.
d) all of these are true

48) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with how the soil will retain or release CO2 as the earth warms.

a) true
b) false

#### FE E1

1) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is usually skewed

a) True
b) False

2) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 1.6° Celsius
b) 16° Celsius
c) 0.06° Celsius
d) 0.6° Celsius
e) 0.16° Celsius

3) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Saros cycle.

a) true
b) false

4) When a wave is reflected off a stationary barrier, the reflected wave

a) both of these are true
b) has higher frequency than the incident wave
c) has lower amplitude than the incident wave
5)
Calculate the quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) −2/5
b) +2/5
c) −1/5
d) +1
e) 0
f) +1/5

6) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) win 1 point
b) lose 3 points
c) be disqualified for cheating
d) win 3 points
e) lose 1 point

7) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
e) 3
8) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) B: 001100
c) A: 000110
d) B: 000110

9) How did the Antikythera mechanism compensate for leap years?

a) There was no need to compensate for the leap year because the Sothic calendar included a leap year every four years.
b) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by hand; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.
c) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by a differential gear; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.

10) Soot tends to cool the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

11) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northeast
b) northwest
c) north
d) northeast
e) southeast

12) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 15.0 meters
b) 14.0 meters
c) 17.0 meters
d) 13.0 meters
e) 16.0 meters

13) From the figure depicting percentage of power produced by nuclear power plants, we see that the proper ranking from greatest to least reliance on nuclear power for three nations is

a) United States, Turkey, France least reliant.
b) France, United States, with Turkey least reliant.
c) France ,Turkey , with the United States least reliant.
d) United States, France, with Turkey least reliant.

14) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 70°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1
b) 3/4
c) 1/4
d) 0
e) 1/2

15) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with how the soil will retain or release CO2 as the earth warms.

a) true
b) false
16)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
a) 1/2
b) 0
c) 1/4
d) 3/4
e) 1
f) 5/4

17) The 2007 IPCC report stated that most global warming was likely being caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities. Among the science academies of the major industrialized nations, this finding was recognized by

a) all of the academies of science
b) all but the US academy of science
c) 60% of the academies of science
d) 90% of the academies of science

18) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 19.0 meters
b) 17.0 meters
c) 20.0 meters
d) 18.0 meters
e) 16.0 meters

19) A rise in the sea level is associated with global warming because

a) ice and snow melts
b) both of these are true
c) water tends to expand as it warms

20) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) comparable
b) less
c) more

21) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 40°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 1/2
c) 3/4
d) 0
e) 1/4

22) Your best friend's pet lizard is thirsty every 2 days, hungry every 3 days, and frisky every 5 days. If she is thirsty, hungry, and frisky today, whe will be thirsty, hungry, and frisky _____ days later

a) 10
b) 30
c) 40
d) 15

23) If the wavelength λ associated with a photon is cut in half, the photon's energy E

a) stays the same
b) is cut in half
c) becomes twice as big
d) becomes 4 times as big
e) is reduced by a factor of 4

24) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once every 5 years
b) once a 5 months
c) once every 50 years
25) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000100
b) A: 000100
c) A: 000010
d) B: 000010

26) A car is traveling east and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the east
c) to the west

27) What is so special about 3 Saros cycles (triple Saros)?

a) this eclipse will occur at the same time of day
b) this eclipse will occur at the same day of the month (plus or minus one day)
c) this eclipse will occur with the Moon in the same position on the zodiac.
d) this eclipse terminates the Saros (and a new Saros number is assigned.)

28) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 3.3
b) 2.2
c) 1.1
d) 9.9

29) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
b) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
c) How bright it is as viewed from Earth

30) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 12.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 11.0 meters

31) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30° from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60°, making it at right angles from the first filter. What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?

a) 3/32
b) 1/16
c) 1/32
d) 1/8
e) 3/16

32) The Industrial Revolution lasted just under _____ years

a) 300
b) 500
c) 100
d) 400
e) 200
33) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) A: 011110

34) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
b) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
c) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
d) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
e) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.

35) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) south
b) southeast
c) north
d) northeast
e) northwest

36) The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico

a) is currently taking nuclear waste from production reactors
b) was originally a research and development facility but is now under private ownership
c) can no longer nuclear waste from production reactors because it is full

37) The law of reflection applies to

a) telescopes but not microscopes
b) flat surfaces
c) only light in a vacuum
d) curved surfaces
e) both flat and curved surfaces

38) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?

a) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
b) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
c) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
d) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this

39) What happens when water is heated?

a) it expands at temperatures above 3.98°C and contracts below 3.98°C
b) it expands at temperatures below 3.98°C and contracts above 3.98°C
c) it absorbs CO2

40) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 45° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is passed by the filter?

a) 3mW
b) 8mW
c) 9mW
d) 6mW
e) 4mW

41) In the arctic, soot tends to cool the earth.

a) true
b) false

42) The dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, output and invested capital was

a) military spending
b) railroads
c) textiles
d) farm equipment
e) ship building

43) After passing through a the lens of a camera or the eye, the focal point is defined as where the rays meet.

a) true
b) false

44) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 years;   3%
b) 6 months;   3%
c) 6 years;   30%
d) 6 months;   30%

45) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, divide by 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false

46) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

47) People don't usually perceive an echo when

a) it arrives at exactly the same pitch
b) it takes more than a tenth of a second after the original sound to arrive
c) it arrives at a lower pitch
d) it arrives at a higher pitch
e) it arrives less than a tenth of a second after the original sound

48) How is the validity of a computer model typically tested?

a) by verifying its ability to calculate past climate conditions.
b) all of these are true
c) by verifying its ability to calculate current climate conditions.
d) by making predictions about future years and seeing if they come true.

#### FE E2

1) The law of reflection applies to

a) both flat and curved surfaces
b) curved surfaces
c) telescopes but not microscopes
d) only light in a vacuum
e) flat surfaces

2) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 14.0 meters
b) 17.0 meters
c) 13.0 meters
d) 15.0 meters
e) 16.0 meters
3)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
a) 1/2
b) 1/4
c) 5/4
d) 1
e) 0
f) 3/4

4) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) less
b) comparable
c) more
5) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000100
b) B: 000010
c) B: 000100
d) A: 000010

6) How did the Antikythera mechanism compensate for leap years?

a) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by hand; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.
b) There was no need to compensate for the leap year because the Sothic calendar included a leap year every four years.
c) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by a differential gear; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.
7)
Calculate the quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) +2/5
b) +1/5
c) 0
d) −1/5
e) −2/5
f) +1

8) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 9.9
b) 2.2
c) 1.1
d) 3.3

9) What happens when water is heated?

a) it absorbs CO2
b) it expands at temperatures above 3.98°C and contracts below 3.98°C
c) it expands at temperatures below 3.98°C and contracts above 3.98°C

10) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) north
b) northeast
c) south
d) northwest
e) southeast

11) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 12.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 10.0 meters
e) 11.0 meters

12) In the arctic, soot tends to cool the earth.

a) true
b) false

13) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is usually skewed

a) True
b) False

14) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?

a) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
c) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
d) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.

15) A car is traveling east and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) to the west
b) to the east
c) zero

16) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
b) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
c) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
d) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
e) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
17) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 001100
b) A: 001110
c) B: 000110
d) A: 000110

18) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

19) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 months;   30%
b) 6 years;   3%
c) 6 years;   30%
d) 6 months;   3%

20) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 0.6° Celsius
b) 0.06° Celsius
c) 1.6° Celsius
d) 16° Celsius
e) 0.16° Celsius

21) If the wavelength λ associated with a photon is cut in half, the photon's energy E

a) is cut in half
b) is reduced by a factor of 4
c) becomes twice as big
d) becomes 4 times as big
e) stays the same

22) People don't usually perceive an echo when

a) it arrives at a higher pitch
b) it arrives at a lower pitch
c) it arrives less than a tenth of a second after the original sound
d) it takes more than a tenth of a second after the original sound to arrive
e) it arrives at exactly the same pitch

23) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30° from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60°, making it at right angles from the first filter. What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?

a) 1/8
b) 3/16
c) 3/32
d) 1/32
e) 1/16

24) The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico

a) was originally a research and development facility but is now under private ownership
b) can no longer nuclear waste from production reactors because it is full
c) is currently taking nuclear waste from production reactors

25) What is so special about 3 Saros cycles (triple Saros)?

a) this eclipse will occur at the same time of day
b) this eclipse will occur with the Moon in the same position on the zodiac.
c) this eclipse terminates the Saros (and a new Saros number is assigned.)
d) this eclipse will occur at the same day of the month (plus or minus one day)

26) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 40°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 0
b) 1/4
c) 1/2
d) 1
e) 3/4
27) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) A: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

28) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 16.0 meters
b) 17.0 meters
c) 18.0 meters
d) 20.0 meters
e) 19.0 meters

29) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once every 5 years
b) once every 50 years
c) once a 5 months

30) Your best friend's pet lizard is thirsty every 2 days, hungry every 3 days, and frisky every 5 days. If she is thirsty, hungry, and frisky today, whe will be thirsty, hungry, and frisky _____ days later

a) 15
b) 30
c) 40
d) 10

31) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 45° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is passed by the filter?

a) 3mW
b) 4mW
c) 9mW
d) 8mW
e) 6mW

32) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
b) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
c) How bright it is as viewed from Earth

33) When a wave is reflected off a stationary barrier, the reflected wave

a) has lower amplitude than the incident wave
b) has higher frequency than the incident wave
c) both of these are true

34) A rise in the sea level is associated with global warming because

a) both of these are true
b) water tends to expand as it warms
c) ice and snow melts

35) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 70°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1/4
b) 1
c) 0
d) 3/4
e) 1/2

36) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Saros cycle.

a) true
b) false

37) The dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, output and invested capital was

a) textiles
b) ship building
c) military spending
d) railroads
e) farm equipment

38) After passing through a the lens of a camera or the eye, the focal point is defined as where the rays meet.

a) true
b) false

39) The 2007 IPCC report stated that most global warming was likely being caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities. Among the science academies of the major industrialized nations, this finding was recognized by

a) 90% of the academies of science
b) all but the US academy of science
c) 60% of the academies of science
d) all of the academies of science

40) From the figure depicting percentage of power produced by nuclear power plants, we see that the proper ranking from greatest to least reliance on nuclear power for three nations is

a) France ,Turkey , with the United States least reliant.
b) United States, Turkey, France least reliant.
c) United States, France, with Turkey least reliant.
d) France, United States, with Turkey least reliant.

41) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, divide by 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false

42) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) be disqualified for cheating
b) lose 1 point
c) win 1 point
d) win 3 points
e) lose 3 points

43) Soot tends to cool the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

44) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northwest
b) northeast
c) northeast
d) southeast
e) north

45) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with how the soil will retain or release CO2 as the earth warms.

a) true
b) false

46) How is the validity of a computer model typically tested?

a) all of these are true
b) by making predictions about future years and seeing if they come true.
c) by verifying its ability to calculate past climate conditions.
d) by verifying its ability to calculate current climate conditions.

47) The Industrial Revolution lasted just under _____ years

a) 100
b) 500
c) 400
d) 300
e) 200

48) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 3
c) 6
d) 5
e) 4

### FE F0

1) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southwest
b) north
c) south
d) northwest
e) northeast

2) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) south
b) northwest
c) north
d) northeast
e) southwest

3) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southeast
b) northeast
c) northwest
d) south
e) north

4) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 12.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 12.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 20.0 meters
b) 18.0 meters
c) 17.0 meters
d) 16.0 meters
e) 19.0 meters

7) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) fifth
b) dissonance
c) octave

8) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
b) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
c) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.
d) Echo usually stifles the beats

9) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once a 5 months
b) once every 50 years
c) once every 5 years

10) If a galaxy that is 10 Mpc away is receding at 700km/s, how far would a galaxy be receding if it were 20 Mpc away?

a) 700km/s
b) 1400km/s
c) 350km/s

11) An important principle that allows fiber optics to work is

a) total internal reflection
b) the Doppler shift
c) partial internal absorption
d) the invariance of the speed of light
e) total external refraction

12) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) at infinity
b) Two (of the other answers) are true
c) very far away
d) One focal length in front of the eye
e) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)

13) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 3 points
b) be disqualified for cheating
c) win 1 point
d) win 3 points
e) lose 1 point

14) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 4
e) 1

15) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

16) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within ±___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).

a) 18
b) 1
c) 3
d) 9
e) 6

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 4mW
b) 8mW
c) 3mW
d) 6mW
e) 9mW

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is passed by the filter?

a) 8mW
b) 6mW
c) 3mW
d) 9mW
e) 4mW

19) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)
b) never
c) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.
d) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time

20) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
b) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
c) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
d) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
e) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.

21) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?

a) stopping the electron with an applied voltage
b) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
c) measuring polarization
d) measuring both spin and polarization
e) measuring spin

22) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?

a) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
b) The object with the greater temperature emits more.
c) The object with the greater volume.
d) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).

23) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 35°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 0
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 3/4
e) 1
24)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 0
b) 5/4
c) 1
d) 1/2
e) 1/4
f) 3/4
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
a) 5/4
b) 1
c) 0
d) 3/4
e) 1/4
f) 1/2

26) Babbage's use of punch cards in the 1930s to solve a problem posed by the Astronomical Society was preceded by such use on the Jacquard loom.

a) true
b) false

27) A system that uses tables of numbers is called an analog computer

a) true
b) false

28) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

29) Evidence suggests that it was not possible to set the Antikythera device without referring to a written table to ascertain the dial settings for a given date.

a) true
b) false

30) While the Babylonians invented what we call the Saros cycle, they did not call it by that name.

a) true
b) false

31) Suppose that you see a full moon, but no eclipse. You can be certain that a full moon will also occur exactly one Saros later.

a) true
b) false
32) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000100
b) B: 000010
c) A: 000010
d) B: 000100
33) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 000111
b) A: 001110
c) A: 001110
d) B: 001110
34) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) A: 011110

35) The Calico Acts were initially designed to protect

a) domestic cotton production
b) the woollen industry
c) large manufacturers
d) small manufacturers

36) On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

a) spinning, weaving, more
b) spinning, weaving, fewer
c) weaving, spinning, more
d) weaving, spinning, fewer

37) More US nuclear submarines sank due to nuclear accidents than did Russian submarines

a) true
b) false

38) According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

a) about the same
b) greater
c) less

39) In the United States, reprocessing of spent Uranium

a) is not allowed due to waste management concerns
b) is not allowed due to nuclear weapon proliferation concerns
c) provides 20% of our fuel needs and allows the United States to export nuclear fuel
d) provides 5% of our fuel needs which is consumed within the United states

40) After about __________ in a spent fuel pool the spent fuel can be moved to dry storage casks or reprocessed.

a) 50 years
b) 5 months
c) 5 years

41) Anthropogenic means something that

a) humans can repair
b) human caused
c) humans cannot repair
d) will hurt humans

42) The lede's graph of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" shows that since 1920, there has never been a decade of overall cooling

a) true
b) false

43) What happens when water is heated?

a) it expands at temperatures above 3.98°C and contracts below 3.98°C
b) it absorbs CO2
c) it expands at temperatures below 3.98°C and contracts above 3.98°C

44) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements
b) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period
c) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements
d) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements

45) It is expected that carbon emissions will begin to diminish in the 21st century as fossil fuel reserves begin to dwindle.

a) true
b) false

46) Water vapor contributes more to the greenhouse effect than does carbon dioxide.

a) true
b) false

47) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is easier to model.

a) true
b) false

48) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is more difficult to model.

a) true
b) false

#### FE F1

1) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 000111
b) B: 001110
c) A: 001110
d) A: 001110

2) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

3) According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

a) less
b) greater
c) about the same

4) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) south
b) northwest
c) north
d) southwest
e) northeast

5) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is easier to model.

a) true
b) false

6) After about __________ in a spent fuel pool the spent fuel can be moved to dry storage casks or reprocessed.

a) 5 years
b) 50 years
c) 5 months

7) Babbage's use of punch cards in the 1930s to solve a problem posed by the Astronomical Society was preceded by such use on the Jacquard loom.

a) true
b) false

8) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) octave
b) dissonance
c) fifth
9)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
a) 5/4
b) 3/4
c) 0
d) 1/4
e) 1
f) 1/2

10) Suppose that you see a full moon, but no eclipse. You can be certain that a full moon will also occur exactly one Saros later.

a) true
b) false

11) Evidence suggests that it was not possible to set the Antikythera device without referring to a written table to ascertain the dial settings for a given date.

a) true
b) false

12) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 17.0 meters
b) 19.0 meters
c) 20.0 meters
d) 18.0 meters
e) 16.0 meters

13) On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

a) spinning, weaving, more
b) spinning, weaving, fewer
c) weaving, spinning, more
d) weaving, spinning, fewer
14)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 0
b) 3/4
c) 1
d) 1/2
e) 5/4
f) 1/4

15) The lede's graph of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" shows that since 1920, there has never been a decade of overall cooling

a) true
b) false

16) An important principle that allows fiber optics to work is

a) the invariance of the speed of light
b) total internal reflection
c) the Doppler shift
d) partial internal absorption
e) total external refraction

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 6mW
b) 4mW
c) 9mW
d) 3mW
e) 8mW

18) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 35°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1
b) 3/4
c) 1/2
d) 0
e) 1/4

19) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) never
b) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
c) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.
d) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)

20) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?

a) measuring both spin and polarization
b) measuring polarization
c) measuring spin
d) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
e) stopping the electron with an applied voltage

21) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 10.0 meters
e) 12.0 meters

22) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once every 5 years
b) once a 5 months
c) once every 50 years

23) In the United States, reprocessing of spent Uranium

a) provides 20% of our fuel needs and allows the United States to export nuclear fuel
b) provides 5% of our fuel needs which is consumed within the United states
c) is not allowed due to nuclear weapon proliferation concerns
d) is not allowed due to waste management concerns

24) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

25) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period
b) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements
c) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements
d) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements

26) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 12.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

27) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within ±___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).

a) 1
b) 9
c) 3
d) 18
e) 6

28) More US nuclear submarines sank due to nuclear accidents than did Russian submarines

a) true
b) false

29) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
b) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
c) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
d) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
e) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.

30) The Calico Acts were initially designed to protect

a) large manufacturers
b) small manufacturers
c) the woollen industry
d) domestic cotton production

31) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
b) Echo usually stifles the beats
c) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
d) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.

32) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southeast
b) south
c) northwest
d) northeast
e) north

33) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) north
b) northwest
c) south
d) northeast
e) southwest

34) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?

a) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
b) The object with the greater volume.
c) The object with the greater temperature emits more.
d) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).

35) It is expected that carbon emissions will begin to diminish in the 21st century as fossil fuel reserves begin to dwindle.

a) true
b) false

36) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 4
b) 2
c) 3
d) 1
e) 5

37) While the Babylonians invented what we call the Saros cycle, they did not call it by that name.

a) true
b) false

38) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) be disqualified for cheating
b) win 3 points
c) lose 1 point
d) lose 3 points
e) win 1 point

39) What happens when water is heated?

a) it absorbs CO2
b) it expands at temperatures above 3.98°C and contracts below 3.98°C
c) it expands at temperatures below 3.98°C and contracts above 3.98°C

40) A system that uses tables of numbers is called an analog computer

a) true
b) false
41) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000010
b) A: 000010
c) B: 000100
d) A: 000100

42) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is passed by the filter?

a) 4mW
b) 9mW
c) 6mW
d) 8mW
e) 3mW

43) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is more difficult to model.

a) true
b) false

44) Water vapor contributes more to the greenhouse effect than does carbon dioxide.

a) true
b) false

45) Anthropogenic means something that

a) humans can repair
b) human caused
c) humans cannot repair
d) will hurt humans

46) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) at infinity
b) One focal length in front of the eye
c) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) very far away

47) If a galaxy that is 10 Mpc away is receding at 700km/s, how far would a galaxy be receding if it were 20 Mpc away?

a) 1400km/s
b) 350km/s
c) 700km/s
48) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) A: 011110

#### FE F2

1) Water vapor contributes more to the greenhouse effect than does carbon dioxide.

a) true
b) false

2) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 3mW
b) 4mW
c) 8mW
d) 9mW
e) 6mW

3) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?

a) measuring both spin and polarization
b) measuring polarization
c) measuring spin
d) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
e) stopping the electron with an applied voltage

4) What happens when water is heated?

a) it expands at temperatures above 3.98°C and contracts below 3.98°C
b) it absorbs CO2
c) it expands at temperatures below 3.98°C and contracts above 3.98°C

5) A system that uses tables of numbers is called an analog computer

a) true
b) false

6) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?

a) The object with the greater volume.
b) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
d) The object with the greater temperature emits more.

7) More US nuclear submarines sank due to nuclear accidents than did Russian submarines

a) true
b) false

8) Anthropogenic means something that

a) humans cannot repair
b) humans can repair
c) will hurt humans
d) human caused

9) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) dissonance
b) octave
c) fifth

10) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) north
b) southwest
c) northeast
d) south
e) northwest

11) An important principle that allows fiber optics to work is

a) the Doppler shift
b) the invariance of the speed of light
c) total internal reflection
d) partial internal absorption
e) total external refraction

12) Evidence suggests that it was not possible to set the Antikythera device without referring to a written table to ascertain the dial settings for a given date.

a) true
b) false

13) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
b) One focal length in front of the eye
c) very far away
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) at infinity

14) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is passed by the filter?

a) 3mW
b) 4mW
c) 8mW
d) 6mW
e) 9mW

15) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements
b) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements
c) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period
d) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements

16) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 9.0 meters
b) 12.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 10.0 meters
e) 11.0 meters

17) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 3 points
b) win 1 point
c) lose 1 point
d) win 3 points
e) be disqualified for cheating

18) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is easier to model.

a) true
b) false

19) In the United States, reprocessing of spent Uranium

a) is not allowed due to waste management concerns
b) provides 5% of our fuel needs which is consumed within the United states
c) provides 20% of our fuel needs and allows the United States to export nuclear fuel
d) is not allowed due to nuclear weapon proliferation concerns

20) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
b) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.
c) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
d) Echo usually stifles the beats

21) Babbage's use of punch cards in the 1930s to solve a problem posed by the Astronomical Society was preceded by such use on the Jacquard loom.

a) true
b) false

22) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

23) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 20.0 meters
b) 19.0 meters
c) 16.0 meters
d) 17.0 meters
e) 18.0 meters

24) It is expected that carbon emissions will begin to diminish in the 21st century as fossil fuel reserves begin to dwindle.

a) true
b) false

25) According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

a) less
b) about the same
c) greater

26) While the Babylonians invented what we call the Saros cycle, they did not call it by that name.

a) true
b) false

27) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once a 5 months
b) once every 50 years
c) once every 5 years

28) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 12.0 meters
b) 11.0 meters
c) 10.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

29) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) never
b) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
c) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)
d) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.
30)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 3/4
d) 1/4
e) 1/2
f) 5/4

31) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 35°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1
b) 1/4
c) 1/2
d) 0
e) 3/4

32) The lede's graph of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" shows that since 1920, there has never been a decade of overall cooling

a) true
b) false

33) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southwest
b) northeast
c) south
d) northwest
e) north

34) Suppose that you see a full moon, but no eclipse. You can be certain that a full moon will also occur exactly one Saros later.

a) true
b) false
35) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 001110
b) B: 000111
c) A: 001110
d) A: 001110

36) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within ±___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).

a) 3
b) 1
c) 9
d) 18
e) 6

37) If a galaxy that is 10 Mpc away is receding at 700km/s, how far would a galaxy be receding if it were 20 Mpc away?

a) 350km/s
b) 700km/s
c) 1400km/s

38) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) south
b) northeast
c) southeast
d) north
e) northwest

39) On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

a) weaving, spinning, more
b) spinning, weaving, more
c) weaving, spinning, fewer
d) spinning, weaving, fewer
40)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
a) 0
b) 1/4
c) 1
d) 1/2
e) 3/4
f) 5/4
41) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000010
b) B: 000100
c) A: 000100
d) A: 000010

42) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

43) After about __________ in a spent fuel pool the spent fuel can be moved to dry storage casks or reprocessed.

a) 5 months
b) 5 years
c) 50 years

44) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 5
c) 4
d) 3
e) 1

45) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
b) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
c) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
d) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
e) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
46) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) A: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) H: 011110

47) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is more difficult to model.

a) true
b) false

48) The Calico Acts were initially designed to protect

a) the woollen industry
b) small manufacturers
c) large manufacturers
d) domestic cotton production

### FE G0

1) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way down is

a) zero
b) down
c) up

2) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southeast
b) west
c) northwest
d) south
e) southwest

3) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) northeast
b) northwest
c) south
d) north
e) southeast

4) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 12.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 11.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 16.0 meters
b) 19.0 meters
c) 20.0 meters
d) 18.0 meters
e) 17.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 4 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 23.0 meters
b) 27.0 meters
c) 24.0 meters
d) 25.0 meters
e) 26.0 meters

7) A dense rope is connected to a rope with less density (i.e. fewer kilograms per meter). If the rope is stretched and a wave is sent along high density rope towards the low density rope,

a) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower speed
b) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher speed
c) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher frequency
d) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower frequency

8) These two pulses will collide and produce

a) positive interference
b) positive diffraction
c) negative diffraction
d) negative interference

9) An example of a standard candle is

a) a supernova in a distant galaxy
b) all of these are standard candles
c) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
d) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light

10) In the essay "Why the sky is dark at night", a graph of velocity versus distance is shown. What is odd about those galaxies in the Virgo cluster (circled in the graph)?

a) they have a wide variety of speeds
b) they all have nearly the same speed
c) the cluster is close to us
d) they are not receding away from us

11) In optics, normal means

a) perpendicular to the surface
b) to the right of the optical axis
c) parallel to the surface
d) to the left of the optical axis

12) After passing through a the lens of a camera or the eye, the focal point is defined as where the rays meet.

a) true
b) false

13) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) be disqualified for cheating
b) lose 3 points
c) win 1 point
d) lose 1 point
e) win 3 points

14) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 5
b) 4
c) 1
d) 3
e) 2

15) By definition, a skewed distribution

a) is a "normal" distribution
b) contains no outliers
c) is asymmetric about it's peak value
d) is broader than an unskewed distribution
e) includes negative values of the observed variable

16) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 12
b) 6
c) 16
d) 8
e) 22

17) To create an unpolarized pendulum oscillation

a) start with a linear, circular, or elliptical wave and slowly evolve to different polarizations
b) create an elliptically polarized wave with an ε>0.2
c) create an elliptically polarized wave with an ε<0.8
d) create an elliptically polarized wave with an 0.2<ε<0.8

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is passed by the filter?

a) 3mW
b) 6mW
c) 8mW
d) 9mW
e) 4mW

19) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4♠ to A♠?

a) no points awarded or lost
b) lose 3 points
c) lose Q points
d) win 1 point

20) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.25?

a) ${\displaystyle 4}$
b) ${\displaystyle 0}$
c) ${\displaystyle 3}$
d) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
e) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$

21) If a 3 eV photon strikes a metal plate and causes an electron to escape, that electron will have a kinetic energy that is

a) zero
b) equal to 6 eV
c) greater than 3 eV
d) less than 3 eV
e) equal to 3 eV

22) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 8x1018
b) 6x1018
c) 4x1018
d) 1018
e) 2x1018
23)
This figure is associated with
a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
24)
Calculate the probability
P(♠,)+P(♠,)+P(,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 7/5
b) 4/5
c) 5/4
d) 5/6
e) 6/5
25)
Calculate the quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) −2/5
b) +1
c) +1/5
d) +2/5
e) 0
f) −1/5

26) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

27) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, divide by 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false

28) The Sothic calendar of 365 days did not include an extra day every four years. As a consequence, it advanced by _____ days in 12 years

a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 4

29) The Antikythera wreck was discovered by _________ in ________.

a) sponge divers;   1900
b) Jacques-Yves Cousteau;   1976

30) The Saros cycle is 18 years plus either 10.321 or 11.321 days. The reason for the variable number of days has to do with

a) leap years
b) precession of the equinoxes
c) a wobble in the Moon's orbit
d) precession of the Moon's orbit

31) What is so special about 3 Saros cycles (triple Saros)?

a) this eclipse terminates the Saros (and a new Saros number is assigned.)
b) this eclipse will occur with the Moon in the same position on the zodiac.
c) this eclipse will occur at the same day of the month (plus or minus one day)
d) this eclipse will occur at the same time of day
32) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000010
b) B: 000100
c) B: 000010
d) A: 000100
33) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) B: 000110
c) A: 001100
d) A: 000110
34) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) A: 011110

35) Early uses for sulphuric acid included

a) making cement and bleaching cloth
b) removing rust and bleaching cloth
c) producing dyes and making cement
d) removing rust and making cement
e) producing dyes and bleaching cloth

36) On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

a) weaving, spinning, fewer
b) spinning, weaving, fewer
c) weaving, spinning, more
d) spinning, weaving, more

37) The Atomic Age, published in 1945, predicted ...

a) that fossil fuels would go unused
b) a world government to prevent nuclear war
c) widespread radiation poisoning
d) nuclear war

38) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) less
b) more
c) comparable

39) The reprocessing of spent Uranium worsens the problem of long term waste storage

a) true
b) false

40) Nuclear power plants typically have

a) low capital costs and low fuel costs
b) high capital costs and high fuel costs
c) high capital costs and low fuel costs
d) low capital costs and high fuel costs

41) Anthropogenic means something that

a) human caused
b) humans can repair
c) will hurt humans
d) humans cannot repair

42) Since 1971, 90% of earth's increased energy caused by global warming has been stored in the _____________, mostly _____________

a) sea; in the bottom kilometer
b) sea; in the top kilometer
c) air; in the water vapor
d) land; near the equators
e) land; near the poles

43) A rise in the sea level is associated with global warming because

a) both of these are true
b) ice and snow melts
c) water tends to expand as it warms

44) In the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise was closest to

a) 0.7 °C per year
b) 0.7 °C per decade
c) 0.7 °C per century

45) The carbon cycle

a) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
b) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.
c) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.

46) Greenhouse warming acts to warm the stratosphere

a) true
b) false

47) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

48) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is easier to model.

a) true
b) false

#### FE G1

1) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) A: 001100
c) A: 000110
d) B: 000110
2)
This figure is associated with
a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

3) If a 3 eV photon strikes a metal plate and causes an electron to escape, that electron will have a kinetic energy that is

a) equal to 3 eV
b) less than 3 eV
c) zero
d) greater than 3 eV
e) equal to 6 eV

4) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 4 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 26.0 meters
b) 24.0 meters
c) 27.0 meters
d) 23.0 meters
e) 25.0 meters

5) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 1018
b) 4x1018
c) 8x1018
d) 2x1018
e) 6x1018
6) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000100
b) B: 000010
c) A: 000010
d) B: 000100

7) In optics, normal means

a) perpendicular to the surface
b) to the left of the optical axis
c) to the right of the optical axis
d) parallel to the surface

8) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way down is

a) down
b) zero
c) up

9) In the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise was closest to

a) 0.7 °C per decade
b) 0.7 °C per century
c) 0.7 °C per year

10) What is so special about 3 Saros cycles (triple Saros)?

a) this eclipse terminates the Saros (and a new Saros number is assigned.)
b) this eclipse will occur with the Moon in the same position on the zodiac.
c) this eclipse will occur at the same day of the month (plus or minus one day)
d) this eclipse will occur at the same time of day

11) The carbon cycle

a) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
b) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.
c) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.

12) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is easier to model.

a) true
b) false

13) A rise in the sea level is associated with global warming because

a) both of these are true
b) water tends to expand as it warms
c) ice and snow melts
14)
Calculate the probability
P(♠,)+P(♠,)+P(,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 4/5
b) 7/5
c) 6/5
d) 5/4
e) 5/6

15) The Antikythera wreck was discovered by _________ in ________.

a) sponge divers;   1900
b) Jacques-Yves Cousteau;   1976

16) In the essay "Why the sky is dark at night", a graph of velocity versus distance is shown. What is odd about those galaxies in the Virgo cluster (circled in the graph)?

a) they all have nearly the same speed
b) the cluster is close to us
c) they have a wide variety of speeds
d) they are not receding away from us

17) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) west
b) south
c) southeast
d) southwest
e) northwest

18) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 4
b) 1
c) 3
d) 5
e) 2

19) Nuclear power plants typically have

a) high capital costs and low fuel costs
b) low capital costs and low fuel costs
c) high capital costs and high fuel costs
d) low capital costs and high fuel costs

20) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) comparable
b) less
c) more

21) These two pulses will collide and produce

a) positive interference
b) positive diffraction
c) negative interference
d) negative diffraction

22) After passing through a the lens of a camera or the eye, the focal point is defined as where the rays meet.

a) true
b) false

23) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 11.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 12.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

24) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, divide by 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false

25) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 1 point
b) win 1 point
c) win 3 points
d) lose 3 points
e) be disqualified for cheating

26) Since 1971, 90% of earth's increased energy caused by global warming has been stored in the _____________, mostly _____________

a) sea; in the top kilometer
b) land; near the equators
c) air; in the water vapor
d) sea; in the bottom kilometer
e) land; near the poles

27) An example of a standard candle is

a) a supernova in a distant galaxy
b) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
c) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
d) all of these are standard candles

28) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 20.0 meters
b) 18.0 meters
c) 19.0 meters
d) 17.0 meters
e) 16.0 meters

29) A dense rope is connected to a rope with less density (i.e. fewer kilograms per meter). If the rope is stretched and a wave is sent along high density rope towards the low density rope,

a) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher speed
b) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher frequency
c) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower frequency
d) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower speed

30) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4♠ to A♠?

a) lose Q points
b) lose 3 points
c) win 1 point
d) no points awarded or lost

31) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

32) The Atomic Age, published in 1945, predicted ...

a) that fossil fuels would go unused
b) a world government to prevent nuclear war
c) widespread radiation poisoning
d) nuclear war

33) The Sothic calendar of 365 days did not include an extra day every four years. As a consequence, it advanced by _____ days in 12 years

a) 4
b) 2
c) 3
d) 1

34) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is passed by the filter?

a) 9mW
b) 3mW
c) 4mW
d) 8mW
e) 6mW

35) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.25?

a) ${\displaystyle 4}$
b) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
c) ${\displaystyle 3}$
d) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
e) ${\displaystyle 0}$

36) By definition, a skewed distribution

a) includes negative values of the observed variable
b) is a "normal" distribution
c) contains no outliers
d) is broader than an unskewed distribution
e) is asymmetric about it's peak value

37) Early uses for sulphuric acid included

a) producing dyes and making cement
b) removing rust and bleaching cloth
c) making cement and bleaching cloth
d) producing dyes and bleaching cloth
e) removing rust and making cement

38) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) north
b) northeast
c) south
d) southeast
e) northwest
39) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) H: 011110

40) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

41) Anthropogenic means something that

a) humans cannot repair
b) humans can repair
c) human caused
d) will hurt humans

42) Greenhouse warming acts to warm the stratosphere

a) true
b) false

43) To create an unpolarized pendulum oscillation

a) start with a linear, circular, or elliptical wave and slowly evolve to different polarizations
b) create an elliptically polarized wave with an 0.2<ε<0.8
c) create an elliptically polarized wave with an ε>0.2
d) create an elliptically polarized wave with an ε<0.8

44) The Saros cycle is 18 years plus either 10.321 or 11.321 days. The reason for the variable number of days has to do with

a) leap years
b) a wobble in the Moon's orbit
c) precession of the Moon's orbit
d) precession of the equinoxes

45) On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

a) spinning, weaving, more
b) spinning, weaving, fewer
c) weaving, spinning, fewer
d) weaving, spinning, more
46)
Calculate the quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 0
b) +1
c) −1/5
d) +1/5
e) +2/5
f) −2/5

47) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 22
b) 8
c) 12
d) 16
e) 6

48) The reprocessing of spent Uranium worsens the problem of long term waste storage

a) true
b) false

#### FE G2

1) Early uses for sulphuric acid included

a) removing rust and bleaching cloth
b) producing dyes and bleaching cloth
c) producing dyes and making cement
d) removing rust and making cement
e) making cement and bleaching cloth

2) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) west
b) south
c) northwest
d) southeast
e) southwest

3) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 11.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 12.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

4) By definition, a skewed distribution

a) contains no outliers
b) is asymmetric about it's peak value
c) includes negative values of the observed variable
d) is a "normal" distribution
e) is broader than an unskewed distribution

5) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

6) These two pulses will collide and produce

a) positive diffraction
b) negative diffraction
c) positive interference
d) negative interference

7) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southeast
b) northeast
c) south
d) north
e) northwest

8) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 4 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 26.0 meters
b) 27.0 meters
c) 23.0 meters
d) 24.0 meters
e) 25.0 meters

9) The Sothic calendar of 365 days did not include an extra day every four years. As a consequence, it advanced by _____ days in 12 years

a) 4
b) 3
c) 2
d) 1

10) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.25?

a) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
b) ${\displaystyle 4}$
c) ${\displaystyle 0}$
d) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
e) ${\displaystyle 3}$

11) Nuclear power plants typically have

a) high capital costs and low fuel costs
b) low capital costs and high fuel costs
c) low capital costs and low fuel costs
d) high capital costs and high fuel costs

12) An example of a standard candle is

a) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
b) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
c) a supernova in a distant galaxy
d) all of these are standard candles

13) A dense rope is connected to a rope with less density (i.e. fewer kilograms per meter). If the rope is stretched and a wave is sent along high density rope towards the low density rope,

a) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower frequency
b) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher speed
c) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower speed
d) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher frequency

14) To create an unpolarized pendulum oscillation

a) create an elliptically polarized wave with an 0.2<ε<0.8
b) create an elliptically polarized wave with an ε<0.8
c) start with a linear, circular, or elliptical wave and slowly evolve to different polarizations
d) create an elliptically polarized wave with an ε>0.2

15) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 3
b) 1
c) 4
d) 5
e) 2
16) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) A: 000110
c) A: 001100
d) B: 000110

17) In optics, normal means

a) to the left of the optical axis
b) perpendicular to the surface
c) to the right of the optical axis
d) parallel to the surface

18) In the essay "Why the sky is dark at night", a graph of velocity versus distance is shown. What is odd about those galaxies in the Virgo cluster (circled in the graph)?

a) they have a wide variety of speeds
b) the cluster is close to us
c) they all have nearly the same speed
d) they are not receding away from us

19) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, divide by 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false
20)
Calculate the quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) +2/5
b) 0
c) −2/5
d) +1/5
e) +1
f) −1/5

21) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) win 3 points
b) lose 1 point
c) be disqualified for cheating
d) win 1 point
e) lose 3 points

22) What is so special about 3 Saros cycles (triple Saros)?

a) this eclipse will occur at the same time of day
b) this eclipse will occur with the Moon in the same position on the zodiac.
c) this eclipse will occur at the same day of the month (plus or minus one day)
d) this eclipse terminates the Saros (and a new Saros number is assigned.)
23) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

24) The Atomic Age, published in 1945, predicted ...

a) widespread radiation poisoning
b) that fossil fuels would go unused
c) nuclear war
d) a world government to prevent nuclear war

25) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) more
b) less
c) comparable

26) The reprocessing of spent Uranium worsens the problem of long term waste storage

a) true
b) false

27) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 19.0 meters
b) 17.0 meters
c) 16.0 meters
d) 20.0 meters
e) 18.0 meters

28) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4♠ to A♠?

a) win 1 point
b) no points awarded or lost
c) lose Q points
d) lose 3 points

29) A rise in the sea level is associated with global warming because

a) water tends to expand as it warms
b) both of these are true
c) ice and snow melts

30) The Saros cycle is 18 years plus either 10.321 or 11.321 days. The reason for the variable number of days has to do with

a) precession of the equinoxes
b) precession of the Moon's orbit
c) leap years
d) a wobble in the Moon's orbit

31) If a 3 eV photon strikes a metal plate and causes an electron to escape, that electron will have a kinetic energy that is

a) greater than 3 eV
b) less than 3 eV
c) zero
d) equal to 6 eV
e) equal to 3 eV

32) The carbon cycle

a) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.
b) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.
c) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
33)
This figure is associated with
a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

34) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way down is

a) zero
b) down
c) up

35) Anthropogenic means something that

a) human caused
b) humans can repair
c) will hurt humans
d) humans cannot repair

36) The Antikythera wreck was discovered by _________ in ________.

a) sponge divers;   1900
b) Jacques-Yves Cousteau;   1976

37) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

38) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is passed by the filter?

a) 8mW
b) 3mW
c) 4mW
d) 6mW
e) 9mW
39) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000010
b) B: 000100
c) A: 000100
d) B: 000010
40)
Calculate the probability
P(♠,)+P(♠,)+P(,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 5/6
b) 7/5
c) 5/4
d) 6/5
e) 4/5

41) Greenhouse warming acts to warm the stratosphere

a) true
b) false

42) In the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise was closest to

a) 0.7 °C per decade
b) 0.7 °C per year
c) 0.7 °C per century

43) Analysis of the uncertainties associated with feedback suggests that the "worst-case" scenario is easier to model.

a) true
b) false

44) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 2x1018
b) 8x1018
c) 4x1018
d) 6x1018
e) 1018

45) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 6
b) 22
c) 12
d) 8
e) 16

46) After passing through a the lens of a camera or the eye, the focal point is defined as where the rays meet.

a) true
b) false

47) Since 1971, 90% of earth's increased energy caused by global warming has been stored in the _____________, mostly _____________

a) sea; in the top kilometer
b) sea; in the bottom kilometer
c) land; near the equators
d) land; near the poles
e) air; in the water vapor

48) On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

a) spinning, weaving, more
b) weaving, spinning, more
c) spinning, weaving, fewer
d) weaving, spinning, fewer

### FE H0

1) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) south
b) northeast
c) north
d) northwest
e) southwest

2) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southwest
b) west
c) northwest
d) south
e) southeast

3) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) to the west
b) to the east
c) zero

4) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 12.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 9.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 12.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 3 m/s in 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 1.0 meters
b) 5.0 meters
c) 3.0 meters
d) 4.0 meters
e) 2.0 meters

7) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) octave
b) fifth
c) dissonance

8) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
b) Echo usually stifles the beats
c) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.
d) Reverberation usually stifles the beats

9) An example of a standard candle is

a) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
b) all of these are standard candles
c) a supernova in a distant galaxy
d) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light

10) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
b) How bright it is as viewed from Earth
c) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion

11) In optics, normal means

a) parallel to the surface
b) to the right of the optical axis
c) perpendicular to the surface
d) to the left of the optical axis

12) Which lens has the shorter focal length?

a)
b) They have the same focal lengh.
c)

13) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) none of these are true
b) K and K♠
c) K♠ and K♣
d) K and K♣
e) two of these are true

14) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following loses?

a) none of these are true
b) two of these are true
c) K♠ and K♣
d) K and K♣
e) K and K♠

15) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

16) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 6
b) 22
c) 8
d) 12
e) 16

17) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) circular or linear
b) circular or elliptical
c) linear or elliptical
d) linearly
e) circular

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 3mW
b) 4mW
c) 8mW
d) 6mW
e) 9mW

19) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
b) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.
c) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)
d) never

20) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
e) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.

21) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?

a) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
b) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
d) The larger object has a greater energy density.

22) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?

a) The object with the greater volume.
b) The object with the greater temperature emits more.
c) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
d) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
23)
This figure is associated with
a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
24)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 3/5
b) 3/4
c) 2/4=1/2
d) 2/5
e) 5/6
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 1/2
d) 1/4
e) 3/4
f) 5/4

26) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

27) A system that uses tables of numbers is called an analog computer

a) true
b) false

28) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Lunar phases.

a) true
b) false

29) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

30) Your best friend's pet lizard is thirsty every 2 days, hungry every 3 days, and frisky every 5 days. If she is thirsty, hungry, and frisky today, whe will be thirsty, hungry, and frisky _____ days later

a) 15
b) 40
c) 10
d) 30

31) Suppose that you see a full moon, but no eclipse. You can be certain that a full moon will also occur exactly one Saros later.

a) true
b) false
32) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) B: 000110
c) A: 000110
d) B: 001100
33) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 000111
b) B: 001110
c) A: 001110
d) A: 001110
34) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) H: 011110

35) The Industrial Revolution began shortly before

a) World War I (1914)
b) the American civil war (1861)
c) the American revolution (1776)

36) Cartwright built two textile factories. One of them

a) was transported to Germany
b) is still in use today
c) burned down
d) was sabotaged by workers
e) two of these are true

37) The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

a) true
b) false

38) Ernest Rutherford's "moonshine" was

a) what he called the idea of harnessing nuclear power
b) what he called the idea of relying on fossil fuels
c) what called neutrons
d) what he called alpha particles

39) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

40) One concern about fast breeder reactors is that the uranium reserves will be exhausted more quickly

a) true
b) false

41) Since 1971, 90% of earth's increased energy caused by global warming has been stored in the _____________, mostly _____________

a) air; in the water vapor
b) land; near the poles
c) sea; in the bottom kilometer
d) sea; in the top kilometer
e) land; near the equators

42) The largest temperature increases (from 2000-2009) have occurred

a) on the ocean surface
b) in the western hemisphere
c) near the poles
d) near the equator

43) Ocean temperatures are increasing more slowly than land temperatures because the oceans are absorbing less heat energy from the sun

a) true
b) false

44) In the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise was closest to

a) 0.7 °C per year
b) 0.7 °C per decade
c) 0.7 °C per century

45) The "Greenhouse effect schematic" in the section on "Temperature changes..." indicates that most of the energy from the Sun is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere.

a) true
b) false

46) In the arctic, soot tends to warm the earth.

a) true
b) false

47) While computer modeling indicate that the warming since 1970 is dominated by man-made greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable to conclusively ascertain whether the warming from 1910 to 1945 was anthropogenic.

a) true
b) false

48) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that this heat is retained by the planet.

a) true
b) false

#### FE H1

1) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?

a) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
b) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
c) The object with the greater temperature emits more.
d) The object with the greater volume.

2) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 12.0 meters
b) 11.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 10.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters
3)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 2/5
b) 5/6
c) 2/4=1/2
d) 3/4
e) 3/5
4) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) A: 011110
d) H: 011110

5) The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

a) true
b) false

6) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

7) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the west
c) to the east

8) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 6
b) 12
c) 16
d) 22
e) 8

9) The largest temperature increases (from 2000-2009) have occurred

a) in the western hemisphere
b) near the equator
c) near the poles
d) on the ocean surface

10) An example of a standard candle is

a) a supernova in a distant galaxy
b) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
c) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
d) all of these are standard candles
11)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
a) 1/2
b) 1
c) 5/4
d) 3/4
e) 0
f) 1/4

12) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

13) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southeast
b) northwest
c) southwest
d) west
e) south

14) Cartwright built two textile factories. One of them

a) two of these are true
b) burned down
c) is still in use today
d) was sabotaged by workers
e) was transported to Germany

15) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False
16) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 001100
b) B: 000110
c) A: 000110
d) A: 001110

17) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?

a) The larger object has a greater energy density.
b) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
c) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
d) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).

18) Since 1971, 90% of earth's increased energy caused by global warming has been stored in the _____________, mostly _____________

a) land; near the poles
b) sea; in the bottom kilometer
c) sea; in the top kilometer
d) air; in the water vapor
e) land; near the equators

19) In the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise was closest to

a) 0.7 °C per year
b) 0.7 °C per decade
c) 0.7 °C per century

20) A system that uses tables of numbers is called an analog computer

a) true
b) false

21) In the arctic, soot tends to warm the earth.

a) true
b) false

22) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.
b) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
c) never
d) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)

23) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 3 m/s in 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 2.0 meters
b) 1.0 meters
c) 5.0 meters
d) 3.0 meters
e) 4.0 meters

24) Which lens has the shorter focal length?

a)
b)
c) They have the same focal lengh.

25) The "Greenhouse effect schematic" in the section on "Temperature changes..." indicates that most of the energy from the Sun is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere.

a) true
b) false

26) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
b) How bright it is as viewed from Earth
c) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away

27) The Industrial Revolution began shortly before

a) the American civil war (1861)
b) World War I (1914)
c) the American revolution (1776)

28) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

29) While computer modeling indicate that the warming since 1970 is dominated by man-made greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable to conclusively ascertain whether the warming from 1910 to 1945 was anthropogenic.

a) true
b) false

30) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following loses?

a) two of these are true
b) K and K♣
c) K♠ and K♣
d) none of these are true
e) K and K♠

31) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

32) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) K and K♠
b) none of these are true
c) two of these are true
d) K and K♣
e) K♠ and K♣

33) Ernest Rutherford's "moonshine" was

a) what he called alpha particles
b) what he called the idea of relying on fossil fuels
c) what called neutrons
d) what he called the idea of harnessing nuclear power

34) Your best friend's pet lizard is thirsty every 2 days, hungry every 3 days, and frisky every 5 days. If she is thirsty, hungry, and frisky today, whe will be thirsty, hungry, and frisky _____ days later

a) 10
b) 40
c) 15
d) 30

35) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard
b) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.
c) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
d) Echo usually stifles the beats

36) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) circular
b) circular or elliptical
c) linear or elliptical
d) linearly
e) circular or linear

37) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Lunar phases.

a) true
b) false
38)
This figure is associated with
a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

39) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) south
b) southwest
c) northeast
d) north
e) northwest

40) Suppose that you see a full moon, but no eclipse. You can be certain that a full moon will also occur exactly one Saros later.

a) true
b) false

41) One concern about fast breeder reactors is that the uranium reserves will be exhausted more quickly

a) true
b) false

42) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that this heat is retained by the planet.

a) true
b) false

43) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 12.0 meters
e) 11.0 meters

44) In optics, normal means

a) perpendicular to the surface
b) to the right of the optical axis
c) to the left of the optical axis
d) parallel to the surface

45) Ocean temperatures are increasing more slowly than land temperatures because the oceans are absorbing less heat energy from the sun

a) true
b) false

46) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 9mW
b) 6mW
c) 3mW
d) 4mW
e) 8mW
47) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) B: 001110
c) A: 001110
d) B: 000111

48) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) dissonance
b) octave
c) fifth

#### FE H2

1) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that this heat is retained by the planet.

a) true
b) false

2) Your best friend's pet lizard is thirsty every 2 days, hungry every 3 days, and frisky every 5 days. If she is thirsty, hungry, and frisky today, whe will be thirsty, hungry, and frisky _____ days later

a) 10
b) 30
c) 15
d) 40

3) Cartwright built two textile factories. One of them

a) burned down
b) was sabotaged by workers
c) is still in use today
d) was transported to Germany
e) two of these are true
4)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
a) 1/2
b) 1
c) 1/4
d) 3/4
e) 0
f) 5/4

5) The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

a) true
b) false

6) Suppose that you see a full moon, but no eclipse. You can be certain that a full moon will also occur exactly one Saros later.

a) true
b) false

7) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following loses?

a) none of these are true
b) K and K♠
c) K and K♣
d) K♠ and K♣
e) two of these are true

8) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 9mW
b) 8mW
c) 6mW
d) 3mW
e) 4mW
9) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 000111
b) A: 001110
c) A: 001110
d) B: 001110

10) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

11) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) octave
b) dissonance
c) fifth

12) In the arctic, soot tends to warm the earth.

a) true
b) false

13) In the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise was closest to

a) 0.7 °C per century
b) 0.7 °C per year
c) 0.7 °C per decade

14) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?

a) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
b) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
c) The larger object has a greater energy density.
d) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).

15) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Lunar phases.

a) true
b) false

16) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

17) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 22
b) 16
c) 12
d) 8
e) 6

18) Ernest Rutherford's "moonshine" was

a) what he called the idea of relying on fossil fuels
b) what called neutrons
c) what he called alpha particles
d) what he called the idea of harnessing nuclear power
19)
This figure is associated with
a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
d) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
20)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 3/5
b) 2/4=1/2
c) 3/4
d) 5/6
e) 2/5

21) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it is as viewed from Earth
b) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
c) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away

22) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) south
b) west
c) southeast
d) southwest
e) northwest

23) Ocean temperatures are increasing more slowly than land temperatures because the oceans are absorbing less heat energy from the sun

a) true
b) false

24) One concern about fast breeder reactors is that the uranium reserves will be exhausted more quickly

a) true
b) false

25) In optics, normal means

a) perpendicular to the surface
b) to the right of the optical axis
c) to the left of the optical axis
d) parallel to the surface

26) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 12.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters
27) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) A: 011110
d) H: 011110

28) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?

a) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
b) The object with the greater volume.
c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
d) The object with the greater temperature emits more.

29) The Industrial Revolution began shortly before

a) the American revolution (1776)
b) the American civil war (1861)
c) World War I (1914)

30) A system that uses tables of numbers is called an analog computer

a) true
b) false

31) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

32) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) linearly
b) circular or elliptical
c) circular
d) linear or elliptical
e) circular or linear

33) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the west
c) to the east

34) While computer modeling indicate that the warming since 1970 is dominated by man-made greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable to conclusively ascertain whether the warming from 1910 to 1945 was anthropogenic.

a) true
b) false

35) The Turing machine permitted a solution to the halting problem

a) true
b) false

36) The "Greenhouse effect schematic" in the section on "Temperature changes..." indicates that most of the energy from the Sun is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere.

a) true
b) false

37) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
d) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

38) The largest temperature increases (from 2000-2009) have occurred

a) in the western hemisphere
b) on the ocean surface
c) near the equator
d) near the poles

39) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 3 m/s in 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 1.0 meters
b) 2.0 meters
c) 3.0 meters
d) 5.0 meters
e) 4.0 meters

40) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) never
b) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)
c) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
d) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.

41) An example of a standard candle is

a) any part of the nighttime sky that is giving off light
b) all of these are standard candles
c) any part of the nighttime sky that is dark
d) a supernova in a distant galaxy

42) Since 1971, 90% of earth's increased energy caused by global warming has been stored in the _____________, mostly _____________

a) sea; in the top kilometer
b) sea; in the bottom kilometer
c) land; near the equators
d) land; near the poles
e) air; in the water vapor

43) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southwest
b) northwest
c) south
d) north
e) northeast
44) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) B: 001100
c) A: 000110
d) A: 001110

45) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 12.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 11.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

46) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) K and K♣
b) none of these are true
c) two of these are true
d) K♠ and K♣
e) K and K♠

47) Why don't we hear beats when two different notes on a piano are played at the same time?

a) The beats happen so many times per second you can't hear them.
b) Echo usually stifles the beats
c) Reverberation usually stifles the beats
d) The note is over by the time the first beat is heard

48) Which lens has the shorter focal length?

a)
b)
c) They have the same focal lengh.

### FE I0

1) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northeast
b) north
c) southeast
d) northwest
e) northeast

2) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) north
b) northwest
c) southwest
d) northeast
e) south

3) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) to the west
b) to the east
c) zero

4) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 4.0 meters
b) 5.0 meters
c) 6.0 meters
d) 7.0 meters
e) 3.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 23.0 meters
b) 22.0 meters
c) 20.0 meters
d) 21.0 meters
e) 19.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 12.0 meters
b) 11.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters

7) A dense rope is connected to a rope with less density (i.e. fewer kilograms per meter). If the rope is stretched and a wave is sent along high density rope towards the low density rope,

a) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower frequency
b) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher frequency
c) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower speed
d) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher speed

8) If you start moving towards a source of sound, the pitch

a) becomes lower
b) becomes higher
c) remains unchanged

9) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once a 5 months
b) once every 50 years
c) once every 5 years

10) If a galaxy that is 10 Mpc away is receding at 700km/s, how far would a galaxy be receding if it were 20 Mpc away?

a) 350km/s
b) 1400km/s
c) 700km/s

11) In optics, normal means

a) to the right of the optical axis
b) to the left of the optical axis
c) perpendicular to the surface
d) parallel to the surface

12) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) One focal length in front of the eye
b) at infinity
c) Two (of the other answers) are true
d) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
e) very far away

13) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 3 points
b) win 1 point
c) win 3 points
d) be disqualified for cheating
e) lose 1 point

14) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 5
e) 4

15) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as either a "two" or a "three"?

a) 1/6
b) 3/6
c) 4/6
d) 5/6
e) 2/6

16) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of σ2 equal to p(1-p). What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?

a) 200
b) 500
c) 50
d) 250
e) 150

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 9mW
b) 6mW
c) 8mW
d) 4mW
e) 3mW

18) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction parallel to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) circular or linear
b) linearly
c) circular or elliptical
d) linear or elliptical
e) circular

19) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) None of these is correct
b) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle +1}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -Q}$
c) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle +1}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -3}$
d) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle 0}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -3}$
e) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle 0}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -Q}$

20) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
d) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.

21) If the frequency f associated with a photon increases by a factor of 4, the photon's wavelength λ

a) becomes 4 times as big
b) is reduced by a factor of 4
c) stays the same
d) becomes twice as big
e) is cut in half

22) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 35°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1/2
b) 1
c) 1/4
d) 0
e) 3/4

23) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 65°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1/2
b) 1
c) 0
d) 3/4
e) 1/4
24)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 1/4
b) 0
c) 5/4
d) 1
e) 1/2
f) 3/4
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 5/4
d) 0
e) 3/4
f) 1

26) The Turing machine could not have been invented until after the halting problem was solved.

a) true
b) false

27) Analog computers were phased out by the dawn of the twentieth century (circa 1900)

a) true
b) false

28) A mechanical analog computer uses pulleys, levers, wheels or some other motion to solve problems of a mathematical nature.

a) true
b) false

29) How did the Antikythera mechanism compensate for leap years?

a) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by a differential gear; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.
b) There was no need to compensate for the leap year because the Sothic calendar included a leap year every four years.
c) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by hand; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.

30) The name "saros" (Greek: σαρος) was first given to the eclipse cycle by

a) Ptolemy (Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt: 90 AD-168 AD)
b) an unknown Babylonian
c) Hipparchus (Greek astronomer: 190 BC-120 BC)
d) Edmond Halley (A friend and colleage of Newton: 1656 AD-1742 AD)

31) The Saros cycle is 18 years plus either 10.321 or 11.321 days. The reason for the variable number of days has to do with

a) precession of the equinoxes
b) precession of the Moon's orbit
c) a wobble in the Moon's orbit
d) leap years
32) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000100
b) B: 000010
c) A: 000010
d) A: 000100
33) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) A: 001100
b) B: 000110
c) A: 000110
d) B: 000110
34) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) B: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) A: 011110

35) The Industrial Revolution began shortly before

a) the American civil war (1861)
b) World War I (1914)
c) the American revolution (1776)

36) The dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, output and invested capital was

a) ship building
b) textiles
c) railroads
d) military spending
e) farm equipment

37) Neutrons and protons both have "strong" short range interactions with the nucleus. Why can't slow protons be used to cause nuclei to undergo fission?

a) protons are positively charged
b) protons move at the speed of light
c) slow protons are attracted to the nucleus
d) slow protons can induce fission but they are too expensive to produce

38) Fermi used _______ to create what he thought was _______

a) slow neutrons;   "moonshine"
b) "moonshine";   fast neutrons
c) slow neutrons;   a new element heavier than uranium (called a transuranic element)
d) transuranic (heavy) elements;   a new source of slow neutrons

39) In a PWR reactor, the water is kept under high pressure

a) to prevent it from boiling
b) only in the reactor core
c) to reduce the heat required to boil it
d) to slow down the neutrons

40) The reprocessing of spent Uranium worsens the problem of long term waste storage

a) true
b) false

41) In climate science, mitigation refers to:

a) reduction of green house emissions
b) building systems resilient to the effects of global warming
c) adaptation to the effects of global warming
d) climate engineering

42) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows dips and rises that are caused by changes in

a) the sun's energy output
b) worldwide efforts to curtail emissions
c) the world economy
d) the earth's distance from the sun

43) No direct method exists that permits an independent measurement of the heat content of the oceans, other than the fact that the air is warming

a) true
b) false

44) Proxy temperatures measurements are defined as indirect inferences gathered from ice cores, tree rings, and so forth

a) true
b) false

45) In the arctic, soot tends to warm the earth.

a) true
b) false

46) "External forcings" refer to effects that can increase, but not decrease, the Earth's temperature.

a) true
b) false

47) How is the validity of a computer model typically tested?

a) all of these are true
b) by verifying its ability to calculate past climate conditions.
c) by verifying its ability to calculate current climate conditions.
d) by making predictions about future years and seeing if they come true.

48) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that this heat is retained by the planet.

a) true
b) false

#### FE I1

1) Neutrons and protons both have "strong" short range interactions with the nucleus. Why can't slow protons be used to cause nuclei to undergo fission?

a) protons move at the speed of light
b) slow protons can induce fission but they are too expensive to produce
c) slow protons are attracted to the nucleus
d) protons are positively charged
2) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000100
b) A: 000010
c) B: 000010
d) B: 000100

3) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that this heat is retained by the planet.

a) true
b) false

4) A mechanical analog computer uses pulleys, levers, wheels or some other motion to solve problems of a mathematical nature.

a) true
b) false

5) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 5.0 meters
c) 4.0 meters
d) 6.0 meters
e) 3.0 meters

6) How is the validity of a computer model typically tested?

a) by verifying its ability to calculate past climate conditions.
b) all of these are true
c) by making predictions about future years and seeing if they come true.
d) by verifying its ability to calculate current climate conditions.

7) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 35°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 3/4
b) 1/2
c) 0
d) 1
e) 1/4
8)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
a) 1/4
b) 0
c) 3/4
d) 5/4
e) 1/2
f) 1

9) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 12.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 11.0 meters

10) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as either a "two" or a "three"?

a) 1/6
b) 5/6
c) 3/6
d) 2/6
e) 4/6

11) No direct method exists that permits an independent measurement of the heat content of the oceans, other than the fact that the air is warming

a) true
b) false

12) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction parallel to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) circular or linear
b) linear or elliptical
c) circular
d) linearly
e) circular or elliptical

13) If a galaxy that is 10 Mpc away is receding at 700km/s, how far would a galaxy be receding if it were 20 Mpc away?

a) 700km/s
b) 350km/s
c) 1400km/s

14) How did the Antikythera mechanism compensate for leap years?

a) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by a differential gear; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.
b) There was no need to compensate for the leap year because the Sothic calendar included a leap year every four years.
c) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by hand; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.

15) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of σ2 equal to p(1-p). What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?

a) 250
b) 200
c) 500
d) 50
e) 150

16) In climate science, mitigation refers to:

a) climate engineering
b) building systems resilient to the effects of global warming
c) adaptation to the effects of global warming
d) reduction of green house emissions

17) The Industrial Revolution began shortly before

a) World War I (1914)
b) the American civil war (1861)
c) the American revolution (1776)

18) In optics, normal means

a) perpendicular to the surface
b) to the left of the optical axis
c) to the right of the optical axis
d) parallel to the surface

19) The Saros cycle is 18 years plus either 10.321 or 11.321 days. The reason for the variable number of days has to do with

a) precession of the equinoxes
b) leap years
c) a wobble in the Moon's orbit
d) precession of the Moon's orbit

20) The dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, output and invested capital was

a) railroads
b) textiles
c) ship building
d) military spending
e) farm equipment

21) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 19.0 meters
b) 21.0 meters
c) 22.0 meters
d) 20.0 meters
e) 23.0 meters

22) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
e) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

23) The name "saros" (Greek: σαρος) was first given to the eclipse cycle by

a) Edmond Halley (A friend and colleage of Newton: 1656 AD-1742 AD)
b) an unknown Babylonian
c) Hipparchus (Greek astronomer: 190 BC-120 BC)
d) Ptolemy (Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt: 90 AD-168 AD)

24) Analog computers were phased out by the dawn of the twentieth century (circa 1900)

a) true
b) false
25) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) H: 011110

26) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 65°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 3/4
c) 0
d) 1/4
e) 1/2
27)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 3/4
b) 1/4
c) 0
d) 1
e) 5/4
f) 1/2

28) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) None of these is correct
b) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle +1}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -3}$
c) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle 0}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -Q}$
d) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle 0}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -3}$
e) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle +1}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -Q}$
29) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) A: 000110
b) A: 001100
c) B: 000110
d) B: 000110

30) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 3
b) 1
c) 4
d) 2
e) 5

31) A dense rope is connected to a rope with less density (i.e. fewer kilograms per meter). If the rope is stretched and a wave is sent along high density rope towards the low density rope,

a) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher frequency
b) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher speed
c) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower speed
d) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower frequency

32) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) southwest
b) northeast
c) south
d) northwest
e) north

33) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 4mW
b) 3mW
c) 6mW
d) 9mW
e) 8mW

34) "External forcings" refer to effects that can increase, but not decrease, the Earth's temperature.

a) true
b) false

35) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the east
c) to the west

36) If you start moving towards a source of sound, the pitch

a) remains unchanged
b) becomes lower
c) becomes higher

37) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) win 1 point
b) lose 3 points
c) win 3 points
d) lose 1 point
e) be disqualified for cheating

38) If the frequency f associated with a photon increases by a factor of 4, the photon's wavelength λ

a) is reduced by a factor of 4
b) becomes 4 times as big
c) is cut in half
d) stays the same
e) becomes twice as big

39) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows dips and rises that are caused by changes in

a) worldwide efforts to curtail emissions
b) the earth's distance from the sun
c) the world economy
d) the sun's energy output

40) In a PWR reactor, the water is kept under high pressure

a) to slow down the neutrons
b) to prevent it from boiling
c) only in the reactor core
d) to reduce the heat required to boil it

41) In the arctic, soot tends to warm the earth.

a) true
b) false

42) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northwest
b) southeast
c) northeast
d) north
e) northeast

43) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) One focal length in front of the eye
b) at infinity
c) very far away
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)

44) Proxy temperatures measurements are defined as indirect inferences gathered from ice cores, tree rings, and so forth

a) true
b) false

45) Fermi used _______ to create what he thought was _______

a) slow neutrons;   "moonshine"
b) transuranic (heavy) elements;   a new source of slow neutrons
c) "moonshine";   fast neutrons
d) slow neutrons;   a new element heavier than uranium (called a transuranic element)

46) The Turing machine could not have been invented until after the halting problem was solved.

a) true
b) false

47) The reprocessing of spent Uranium worsens the problem of long term waste storage

a) true
b) false

48) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once every 50 years
b) once a 5 months
c) once every 5 years

#### FE I2

1) How is the validity of a computer model typically tested?

a) all of these are true
b) by making predictions about future years and seeing if they come true.
c) by verifying its ability to calculate past climate conditions.
d) by verifying its ability to calculate current climate conditions.

2) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of σ2 equal to p(1-p). What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?

a) 150
b) 200
c) 50
d) 250
e) 500
3) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000010
b) A: 000100
c) B: 000100
d) A: 000010

4) In climate science, mitigation refers to:

a) adaptation to the effects of global warming
b) climate engineering
c) building systems resilient to the effects of global warming
d) reduction of green house emissions

5) The Saros cycle is 18 years plus either 10.321 or 11.321 days. The reason for the variable number of days has to do with

a) precession of the Moon's orbit
b) a wobble in the Moon's orbit
c) precession of the equinoxes
d) leap years

6) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that this heat is retained by the planet.

a) true
b) false

7) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows dips and rises that are caused by changes in

a) the sun's energy output
b) the earth's distance from the sun
c) worldwide efforts to curtail emissions
d) the world economy

8) How did the Antikythera mechanism compensate for leap years?

a) There was no need to compensate for the leap year because the Sothic calendar included a leap year every four years.
b) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by a differential gear; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.
c) Two concentric dials were independently adjusted by hand; one dial marked a 365 day calendar, and the other marked the position of the Sun with respect to the ecliptic.

9) A car is traveling west and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) to the west
b) to the east
c) zero

10) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once every 5 years
b) once a 5 months
c) once every 50 years

11) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 3 points
b) win 3 points
c) be disqualified for cheating
d) win 1 point
e) lose 1 point

12) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 19.0 meters
b) 21.0 meters
c) 22.0 meters
d) 23.0 meters
e) 20.0 meters

13) "External forcings" refer to effects that can increase, but not decrease, the Earth's temperature.

a) true
b) false

14) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 1
b) 4
c) 3
d) 5
e) 2

15) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as either a "two" or a "three"?

a) 3/6
b) 1/6
c) 2/6
d) 4/6
e) 5/6

16) The Turing machine could not have been invented until after the halting problem was solved.

a) true
b) false

17) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) One focal length in front of the eye
b) very far away
c) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
d) at infinity
e) Two (of the other answers) are true

18) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 11.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 12.0 meters

19) If a galaxy that is 10 Mpc away is receding at 700km/s, how far would a galaxy be receding if it were 20 Mpc away?

a) 350km/s
b) 700km/s
c) 1400km/s

20) Neutrons and protons both have "strong" short range interactions with the nucleus. Why can't slow protons be used to cause nuclei to undergo fission?

a) protons move at the speed of light
b) slow protons are attracted to the nucleus
c) protons are positively charged
d) slow protons can induce fission but they are too expensive to produce

21) Fermi used _______ to create what he thought was _______

a) transuranic (heavy) elements;   a new source of slow neutrons
b) "moonshine";   fast neutrons
c) slow neutrons;   a new element heavier than uranium (called a transuranic element)
d) slow neutrons;   "moonshine"

22) A dense rope is connected to a rope with less density (i.e. fewer kilograms per meter). If the rope is stretched and a wave is sent along high density rope towards the low density rope,

a) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher frequency
b) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower speed
c) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher speed
d) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower frequency

23) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction parallel to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)

a) linear or elliptical
b) circular or linear
c) circular
d) linearly
e) circular or elliptical
24) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) A: 001100
c) A: 000110
d) B: 000110

25) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 3mW
b) 4mW
c) 8mW
d) 6mW
e) 9mW

26) If you start moving towards a source of sound, the pitch

a) becomes lower
b) remains unchanged
c) becomes higher

27) In optics, normal means

a) to the left of the optical axis
b) to the right of the optical axis
c) parallel to the surface
d) perpendicular to the surface

28) The name "saros" (Greek: σαρος) was first given to the eclipse cycle by

a) Ptolemy (Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt: 90 AD-168 AD)
b) Edmond Halley (A friend and colleage of Newton: 1656 AD-1742 AD)
c) an unknown Babylonian
d) Hipparchus (Greek astronomer: 190 BC-120 BC)

29) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northwest
b) southeast
c) north
d) northeast
e) northeast

30) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 35°. What is the probability that it passes?

a) 1/4
b) 0
c) 3/4
d) 1/2
e) 1

31) In the arctic, soot tends to warm the earth.

a) true
b) false
32) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

33) The Industrial Revolution began shortly before

a) World War I (1914)
b) the American revolution (1776)
c) the American civil war (1861)

34) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked. What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that ${\displaystyle Q>3}$)

a) None of these is correct
b) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle +1}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -3}$
c) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle +1}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -Q}$
d) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle 0}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -3}$
e) Best for partners: ${\displaystyle 0}$ ... Worst: ${\displaystyle -Q}$

35) A mechanical analog computer uses pulleys, levers, wheels or some other motion to solve problems of a mathematical nature.

a) true
b) false

36) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning right because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) north
b) northwest
c) southwest
d) south
e) northeast

37) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 65°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1/4
b) 0
c) 1
d) 1/2
e) 3/4
38)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
a) 1
b) 5/4
c) 0
d) 1/2
e) 3/4
f) 1/4

39) No direct method exists that permits an independent measurement of the heat content of the oceans, other than the fact that the air is warming

a) true
b) false

40) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason: Consider a probability space with

a) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
d) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
e) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once. On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.

41) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 5.0 meters
c) 6.0 meters
d) 4.0 meters
e) 3.0 meters

42) The reprocessing of spent Uranium worsens the problem of long term waste storage

a) true
b) false

43) Proxy temperatures measurements are defined as indirect inferences gathered from ice cores, tree rings, and so forth

a) true
b) false

44) Analog computers were phased out by the dawn of the twentieth century (circa 1900)

a) true
b) false
45)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 5/4
b) 1
c) 1/2
d) 0
e) 3/4
f) 1/4

46) The dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, output and invested capital was

a) military spending
b) farm equipment
c) ship building
d) railroads
e) textiles

47) If the frequency f associated with a photon increases by a factor of 4, the photon's wavelength λ

a) becomes twice as big
b) is reduced by a factor of 4
c) becomes 4 times as big
d) stays the same
e) is cut in half

48) In a PWR reactor, the water is kept under high pressure

a) to slow down the neutrons
b) to reduce the heat required to boil it
c) only in the reactor core
d) to prevent it from boiling

### FE J0

1) A car is traveling east and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) to the east
b) to the west
c) zero

2) A car is traveling east and speeding up. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the east
c) to the west

3) As the Moon circles Earth, the acceleration of the Moon is

a) zero
b) away from Earth
c) in the same direction as the Moon's velocity
d) towards Earth
e) opposite the direction of the Moon's velocity

4) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 12.0 meters
c) 11.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 12.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 18.0 meters
b) 16.0 meters
c) 17.0 meters
d) 20.0 meters
e) 19.0 meters

7) When a wave is reflected off a stationary barrier, the reflected wave

a) has lower amplitude than the incident wave
b) has higher frequency than the incident wave
c) both of these are true

8) These two pulses will collide and produce

a) positive diffraction
b) positive interference
c) negative interference
d) negative diffraction

9) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once every 50 years
b) once every 5 years
c) once a 5 months

10) In the essay "Why the sky is dark at night", a graph of velocity versus distance is shown. What is odd about those galaxies in the Virgo cluster (circled in the graph)?

a) they all have nearly the same speed
b) they have a wide variety of speeds
c) the cluster is close to us
d) they are not receding away from us
11)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
b) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
c) how a farsighted person might see a distant object
d) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object

12) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) at infinity
b) very far away
c) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) One focal length in front of the eye

13) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 1 point
b) be disqualified for cheating
c) win 1 point
d) lose 3 points
e) win 3 points

14) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) none of these are true
b) K and K♠
c) two of these are true
d) K and K♣
e) K♠ and K♣

15) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 3.3
b) 1.1
c) 9.9
d) 2.2

16) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 8
b) 16
c) 12
d) 6
e) 22

17) If the hypotenuse of a 60°-30° right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the longer side?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30° to that field?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$

19) The β-strategy is a new strategy introduced in the couples version of the card game that calls for

a) Alice and Bob to always give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
b) Alice and Bob to sometimes give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
c) Alice and Bob to always answer "even"
d) Alice and Bob to always answer "odd"
e) None of these describes the β-strategy

20) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 5 to A?

a) no points awarded or lost
b) lose 3 points
c) win 1 point
d) lose Q points

21) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?

a) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
b) measuring both spin and polarization
c) stopping the electron with an applied voltage
d) measuring polarization
e) measuring spin

22) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 6x1018
b) 4x1018
c) 8x1018
d) 2x1018
e) 1018

23) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 65°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 1/4
c) 3/4
d) 0
e) 1/2
24)
Calculate the probability
P(♠,)+P(♠,)+P(,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 5/6
b) 4/5
c) 5/4
d) 7/5
e) 6/5
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 3/4
b) 1/2
c) 5/4
d) 1/4
e) 1
f) 0

26) The Bombe was a(n) ______________ device used (circa 1940) to defeat the Enigma machine in World War II.

a) Turing-complete
b) mechanical
c) electric digital programmable
d) electromechanical

27) Babbage's use of punch cards in the 1930s to solve a problem posed by the Astronomical Society was preceded by such use on the Jacquard loom.

a) true
b) false

28) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

29) Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of ______, with other metals included ______

a) iron;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.
b) copper;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.
c) copper;   to make it withstand corrosion.
d) copper;   to make it hard.

30) Saros (or Sar) was the Babylonian word for the Saros cycle.

a) true
b) false

31) What remains nearly the same after a single saros cycle has occured?

a) phase of moon and position of moon relative to the background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
b) phase of moon and position of sun relative to background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
c) phase of moon and earth-moon distance
32) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000010
b) A: 000010
c) B: 000100
d) A: 000100
33) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) B: 001100
c) A: 000110
d) B: 000110
34) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) A: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

35) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing iron containers with glass containers
b) replacing lead containers with glass containers
c) replacing glass containers with lead containers
d) replacing glass containers with iron containers

36) During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

a) United States
b) Italy
c) Germany
d) Sweden
e) Great Britain

37) The Manhattan project made

a) uranium and enriched plutonium
b) plutonium and enriched hesparium
c) plutonium and enriched uranium

38) The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

a) true
b) false

39) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

40) High-level radioactive waste management is a daunting problem because

a) they cannot be stored underground
b) the isotopes are long-lived
c) the isotopes are short-lived

41) In climate science, mitigation refers to:

a) reduction of green house emissions
b) building systems resilient to the effects of global warming
c) adaptation to the effects of global warming
d) climate engineering

42) in 2013, the IPCC stated that the largest driver of global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Other important sources of CO2 are

a) cement production and waste disposal
b) cement production and land use changes
c) population growth
d) population growth and waste disposal

43) No direct method exists that permits an independent measurement of the heat content of the oceans, other than the fact that the air is warming

a) true
b) false

44) Compared with the second half of the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise during the first half was

a) half as much
b) twice as much
c) about the same

45) The "Greenhouse effect schematic" in the section on "Temperature changes..." indicates that most of the energy from the Sun is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere.

a) true
b) false

46) The carbon cycle

a) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
b) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.
c) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.

47) While computer modeling indicate that the warming since 1970 is dominated by man-made greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable to conclusively ascertain whether the warming from 1910 to 1945 was anthropogenic.

a) true
b) false

48) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

#### FE J1

1) Saros (or Sar) was the Babylonian word for the Saros cycle.

a) true
b) false

2) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 2x1018
b) 1018
c) 4x1018
d) 8x1018
e) 6x1018

3) While computer modeling indicate that the warming since 1970 is dominated by man-made greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable to conclusively ascertain whether the warming from 1910 to 1945 was anthropogenic.

a) true
b) false

4) The Bombe was a(n) ______________ device used (circa 1940) to defeat the Enigma machine in World War II.

a) Turing-complete
b) electric digital programmable
c) electromechanical
d) mechanical

5) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 12.0 meters
c) 11.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

6) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 5 to A?

a) win 1 point
b) lose Q points
c) no points awarded or lost
d) lose 3 points

7) During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

a) Sweden
b) Great Britain
c) Italy
d) United States
e) Germany

8) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once every 50 years
b) once a 5 months
c) once every 5 years

9) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?

a) measuring polarization
b) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
c) measuring spin
d) measuring both spin and polarization
e) stopping the electron with an applied voltage

10) In climate science, mitigation refers to:

a) building systems resilient to the effects of global warming
b) reduction of green house emissions
c) adaptation to the effects of global warming
d) climate engineering
11) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000100
b) B: 000100
c) A: 000010
d) B: 000010

12) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false
13)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 3/4
b) 5/4
c) 1/2
d) 0
e) 1/4
f) 1
14)
Calculate the probability
P(♠,)+P(♠,)+P(,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 5/4
b) 7/5
c) 5/6
d) 6/5
e) 4/5

15) Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of ______, with other metals included ______

a) copper;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.
b) copper;   to make it withstand corrosion.
c) iron;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.
d) copper;   to make it hard.

16) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 1 point
b) be disqualified for cheating
c) win 3 points
d) win 1 point
e) lose 3 points

17) The β-strategy is a new strategy introduced in the couples version of the card game that calls for

a) Alice and Bob to always give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
b) Alice and Bob to always answer "even"
c) None of these describes the β-strategy
d) Alice and Bob to always answer "odd"
e) Alice and Bob to sometimes give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")

18) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 19.0 meters
b) 16.0 meters
c) 17.0 meters
d) 18.0 meters
e) 20.0 meters

19) The Manhattan project made

a) plutonium and enriched hesparium
b) plutonium and enriched uranium
c) uranium and enriched plutonium

20) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing glass containers with lead containers
b) replacing glass containers with iron containers
c) replacing iron containers with glass containers
d) replacing lead containers with glass containers

21) In the essay "Why the sky is dark at night", a graph of velocity versus distance is shown. What is odd about those galaxies in the Virgo cluster (circled in the graph)?

a) they all have nearly the same speed
b) they have a wide variety of speeds
c) the cluster is close to us
d) they are not receding away from us

22) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) One focal length in front of the eye
b) at infinity
c) Two (of the other answers) are true
d) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
e) very far away
23) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) H: 011110

24) Compared with the second half of the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise during the first half was

a) half as much
b) twice as much
c) about the same

25) If the hypotenuse of a 60°-30° right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the longer side?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$

26) When a wave is reflected off a stationary barrier, the reflected wave

a) both of these are true
b) has lower amplitude than the incident wave
c) has higher frequency than the incident wave

27) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30° to that field?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$

28) The "Greenhouse effect schematic" in the section on "Temperature changes..." indicates that most of the energy from the Sun is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere.

a) true
b) false
29) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) A: 000110
b) A: 001110
c) B: 001100
d) B: 000110

30) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 65°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1/2
b) 1
c) 0
d) 3/4
e) 1/4

31) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

32) The carbon cycle

a) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
b) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.
c) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.

33) in 2013, the IPCC stated that the largest driver of global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Other important sources of CO2 are

a) population growth and waste disposal
b) cement production and waste disposal
c) population growth
d) cement production and land use changes

34) No direct method exists that permits an independent measurement of the heat content of the oceans, other than the fact that the air is warming

a) true
b) false

35) What remains nearly the same after a single saros cycle has occured?

a) phase of moon and position of sun relative to background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
b) phase of moon and earth-moon distance
c) phase of moon and position of moon relative to the background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)

36) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) two of these are true
b) K and K♣
c) K and K♠
d) K♠ and K♣
e) none of these are true

37) A car is traveling east and speeding up. The acceleration is

a) to the east
b) zero
c) to the west
38)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a farsighted person might see a distant object
b) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
c) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object
d) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort

39) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 3.3
b) 1.1
c) 9.9
d) 2.2

40) These two pulses will collide and produce

a) positive diffraction
b) positive interference
c) negative diffraction
d) negative interference

41) High-level radioactive waste management is a daunting problem because

a) the isotopes are long-lived
b) the isotopes are short-lived
c) they cannot be stored underground

42) Babbage's use of punch cards in the 1930s to solve a problem posed by the Astronomical Society was preceded by such use on the Jacquard loom.

a) true
b) false

43) A car is traveling east and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the east
c) to the west

44) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

45) As the Moon circles Earth, the acceleration of the Moon is

a) opposite the direction of the Moon's velocity
b) towards Earth
c) in the same direction as the Moon's velocity
d) zero
e) away from Earth

46) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 16
b) 6
c) 22
d) 8
e) 12

47) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 9.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 12.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 11.0 meters

48) The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

a) true
b) false

#### FE J2

1) No direct method exists that permits an independent measurement of the heat content of the oceans, other than the fact that the air is warming

a) true
b) false

2) The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

a) true
b) false

3) In climate science, mitigation refers to:

a) climate engineering
b) reduction of green house emissions
c) adaptation to the effects of global warming
d) building systems resilient to the effects of global warming

4) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 2.2
b) 9.9
c) 1.1
d) 3.3

5) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 9.0 meters
b) 12.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters

6) in 2013, the IPCC stated that the largest driver of global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Other important sources of CO2 are

a) cement production and waste disposal
b) population growth
c) population growth and waste disposal
d) cement production and land use changes

7) As the Moon circles Earth, the acceleration of the Moon is

a) opposite the direction of the Moon's velocity
b) zero
c) away from Earth
d) in the same direction as the Moon's velocity
e) towards Earth

8) The carbon cycle

a) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.
b) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
c) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.

9) Saros (or Sar) was the Babylonian word for the Saros cycle.

a) true
b) false

10) When a wave is reflected off a stationary barrier, the reflected wave

a) has lower amplitude than the incident wave
b) has higher frequency than the incident wave
c) both of these are true
11) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) A: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) B: 011110
d) H: 011110

12) During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

a) Italy
b) Germany
c) Sweden
d) United States
e) Great Britain
13)
Calculate the probability
P(♠,)+P(♠,)+P(,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 4/5
b) 6/5
c) 7/5
d) 5/4
e) 5/6

14) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 5 to A?

a) lose Q points
b) lose 3 points
c) no points awarded or lost
d) win 1 point

15) In the essay "Why the sky is dark at night", a graph of velocity versus distance is shown. What is odd about those galaxies in the Virgo cluster (circled in the graph)?

a) they have a wide variety of speeds
b) they all have nearly the same speed
c) the cluster is close to us
d) they are not receding away from us

16) The Manhattan project made

a) uranium and enriched plutonium
b) plutonium and enriched hesparium
c) plutonium and enriched uranium

17) These two pulses will collide and produce

a) negative interference
b) positive diffraction
c) positive interference
d) negative diffraction
18) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000100
b) A: 000100
c) A: 000010
d) B: 000010

19) The months of the Antikythera device are labeled with Egyptian names transcribed into Greek

a) true
b) false

20) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is σ2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __

a) 6
b) 22
c) 16
d) 8
e) 12

21) Babbage's use of punch cards in the 1930s to solve a problem posed by the Astronomical Society was preceded by such use on the Jacquard loom.

a) true
b) false

22) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 16.0 meters
b) 20.0 meters
c) 19.0 meters
d) 18.0 meters
e) 17.0 meters

23) A photon is polarized at 5° when it encounters a filter oriented at 65°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 1/4
c) 1/2
d) 3/4
e) 0

24) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing lead containers with glass containers
b) replacing glass containers with lead containers
c) replacing glass containers with iron containers
d) replacing iron containers with glass containers

25) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?

a) measuring spin
b) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
c) stopping the electron with an applied voltage
d) measuring both spin and polarization
e) measuring polarization
26)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a farsighted person might see a distant object
b) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
c) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object
d) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort

27) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 1018
b) 8x1018
c) 6x1018
d) 2x1018
e) 4x1018

28) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) K and K♠
b) K♠ and K♣
c) K and K♣
d) two of these are true
e) none of these are true

29) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30° to that field?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$

30) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) Two (of the other answers) are true
b) at infinity
c) One focal length in front of the eye
d) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
e) very far away

31) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

32) Compared with the second half of the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise during the first half was

a) about the same
b) half as much
c) twice as much

33) Approximately how often does a supernovae occur in a typical galaxy?

a) once a 5 months
b) once every 5 years
c) once every 50 years

34) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 5 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 4 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 12.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 10.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

35) The "Greenhouse effect schematic" in the section on "Temperature changes..." indicates that most of the energy from the Sun is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere.

a) true
b) false
36)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
a) 3/4
b) 1
c) 1/4
d) 1/2
e) 0
f) 5/4

37) A car is traveling east and slowing down. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the east
c) to the west

38) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false
39) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) B: 000110
c) A: 000110
d) B: 001100

40) A car is traveling east and speeding up. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the east
c) to the west

41) What remains nearly the same after a single saros cycle has occured?

a) phase of moon and position of moon relative to the background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
b) phase of moon and earth-moon distance
c) phase of moon and position of sun relative to background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)

42) High-level radioactive waste management is a daunting problem because

a) they cannot be stored underground
b) the isotopes are short-lived
c) the isotopes are long-lived

43) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) lose 1 point
b) win 1 point
c) win 3 points
d) be disqualified for cheating
e) lose 3 points

44) While computer modeling indicate that the warming since 1970 is dominated by man-made greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable to conclusively ascertain whether the warming from 1910 to 1945 was anthropogenic.

a) true
b) false

45) The β-strategy is a new strategy introduced in the couples version of the card game that calls for

a) Alice and Bob to always answer "even"
b) None of these describes the β-strategy
c) Alice and Bob to always answer "odd"
d) Alice and Bob to sometimes give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
e) Alice and Bob to always give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")

46) If the hypotenuse of a 60°-30° right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the longer side?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$

47) The Bombe was a(n) ______________ device used (circa 1940) to defeat the Enigma machine in World War II.

a) mechanical
b) Turing-complete
c) electric digital programmable
d) electromechanical

48) Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of ______, with other metals included ______

a) copper;   to make it hard.
b) iron;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.
c) copper;   to make it withstand corrosion.
d) copper;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.

### FE K0

1) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity while it as its highest point is

a) up
b) down
c) zero

2) A car is traveling in a perfect circle at constant speed. If the car is headed north while turning east, the acceleration is

a) east
b) west
c) south
d) zero
e) north

3) If you toss a coin into the air, the acceleration on the way down is

a) zero
b) down
c) up

4) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 3.0 meters
b) 4.0 meters
c) 6.0 meters
d) 7.0 meters
e) 5.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 11.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 12.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 19.0 meters
b) 21.0 meters
c) 20.0 meters
d) 22.0 meters
e) 23.0 meters

7) These two pulses will collide and produce

a) negative diffraction
b) positive interference
c) positive diffraction
d) negative interference

8) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) fifth
b) dissonance
c) octave

9) If a galaxy that is 10 Mpc away is receding at 700km/s, how far would a galaxy be receding if it were 20 Mpc away?

a) 350km/s
b) 1400km/s
c) 700km/s

10) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
b) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
c) How bright it is as viewed from Earth

11) The law of reflection applies to

a) curved surfaces
b) only light in a vacuum
c) telescopes but not microscopes
d) both flat and curved surfaces
e) flat surfaces

12) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) One focal length in front of the eye
b) at infinity
c) very far away
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)

13) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) K♠ and K♣
b) none of these are true
c) K and K♠
d) K and K♣
e) two of these are true

14) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 3
b) 4
c) 6
d) 2
e) 5

15) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as either a "two" or a "three"?

a) 2/6
b) 1/6
c) 5/6
d) 4/6
e) 3/6

16) A local college averages 1600 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of σ2 equal to p(1-p). What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?

a) 160
b) 10
c) 32
d) 40
e) 16

17) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created

a) electromagnetic or pendulum
b) both can be created
c) pendulum
d) electromagnetic

18) If the hypotenuse of a 45°-45° right triangle has a length of ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}$ what is the length of each side?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle 2{\sqrt {2}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle 1}$

19) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.
b) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
c) never
d) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)

20) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4 to A?

a) lose Q points
b) lose 3 points
c) no points awarded or lost
d) win 1 point

21) If an atom absorbs a photon with 4 eV energy, the atom's energy

a) stays the same
b) increases by 2 eV
c) decreases by 4 eV
d) increases by 4 eV
e) decreases by 2 eV
22)
This figure is associated with
a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
d) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
23)
This figure is associated with
a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
b) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
d) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
e) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
24)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 3/5
b) 5/6
c) 2/4=1/2
d) 2/5
e) 3/4
25)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 0
b) +1
c) −2/5
d) −1/5
e) +1/5
f) +2/5

26) The Bombe was a(n) ______________ device used (circa 1940) to defeat the Enigma machine in World War II.

a) Turing-complete
b) electromechanical
c) electric digital programmable
d) mechanical

27) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to improve The Nautical Almanac.

a) true
b) false

28) As the Sun, Moon, and planets seem to move around the Earth, they remain close to a circle, called the ecliptic, that can be drawn on paper or imagined in the sky. The Babylonians divided this circle into 12 equal sections of 30 degrees each, and labeled the sections after the zodiacal constellations.

a) true
b) false

29) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the four seasons.

a) true
b) false

30) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 10
b) 1
c) 20
d) 2
e) 40

31) While the Babylonians invented what we call the Saros cycle, they did not call it by that name.

a) true
b) false
32) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) A: 001100
b) A: 000110
c) B: 000110
d) B: 000110
33) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) A: 001110
c) B: 001100
d) A: 000110
34) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) A: 011110
d) H: 011110

35) The purpose of Eli Whitney's cotton gin was to

a) remove seeds
b) spin cotton
c) pick cotton
d) clean cotton
e) weave cotton

36) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing lead containers with glass containers
b) replacing glass containers with iron containers
c) replacing iron containers with glass containers
d) replacing glass containers with lead containers

37) According to Wikipedia, the prediction made in 1954 that electricity would someday be "too cheap to meter" was

a) an argument that fossil fuels are so abundant that we don't need nuclear energy
b) an effort to promote nuclear fission as an energy source
c) an effort to promote nuclear fusion as an energy source

38) Estimates of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 fell by ______ percent after the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011.

a) 10
b) 90
c) 50

39) One concern is that long term nuclear waste management is now being performed by a number of private waste management companies

a) true
b) false

40) It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

a) true
b) false

41) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 0.06° Celsius
b) 0.16° Celsius
c) 1.6° Celsius
d) 16° Celsius
e) 0.6° Celsius

42) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows dips and rises that are caused by changes in

a) the earth's distance from the sun
b) the world economy
c) the sun's energy output
d) worldwide efforts to curtail emissions

43) Ocean temperatures are increasing more slowly than land temperatures because oceans have more heat capacity and because evaporation cools the water.

a) true
b) false

44) Proxy temperatures measurements are defined as measurements made using measurements from space.

a) true
b) false

45) Greenhouse warming acts to cool the stratosphere

a) true
b) false

46) Greenhouse warming acts to warm the stratosphere

a) true
b) false

47) Computer modeling has conclusively established that anthropogenic warming has occurred since 1910.

a) true
b) false

48) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet with thermal (infra-red) radiation adding to the other solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

#### FE K1

1) If you toss a coin into the air, the acceleration on the way down is

a) up
b) zero
c) down

2) While the Babylonians invented what we call the Saros cycle, they did not call it by that name.

a) true
b) false
3) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) B: 011110
d) H: 011110

4) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet with thermal (infra-red) radiation adding to the other solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false
5)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 0
b) +1
c) −1/5
d) +2/5
e) +1/5
f) −2/5

6) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 19.0 meters
b) 23.0 meters
c) 21.0 meters
d) 22.0 meters
e) 20.0 meters

7) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4 to A?

a) lose Q points
b) lose 3 points
c) win 1 point
d) no points awarded or lost

8) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) fifth
b) octave
c) dissonance

9) If a galaxy that is 10 Mpc away is receding at 700km/s, how far would a galaxy be receding if it were 20 Mpc away?

a) 1400km/s
b) 700km/s
c) 350km/s

10) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the four seasons.

a) true
b) false

11) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 0.06° Celsius
b) 0.16° Celsius
c) 0.6° Celsius
d) 1.6° Celsius
e) 16° Celsius

12) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created

a) pendulum
b) both can be created
c) electromagnetic or pendulum
d) electromagnetic

13) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to improve The Nautical Almanac.

a) true
b) false

14) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 4.0 meters
b) 6.0 meters
c) 5.0 meters
d) 3.0 meters
e) 7.0 meters

15) One concern is that long term nuclear waste management is now being performed by a number of private waste management companies

a) true
b) false

16) Greenhouse warming acts to warm the stratosphere

a) true
b) false

17) Greenhouse warming acts to cool the stratosphere

a) true
b) false

18) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 20
d) 40
e) 10

19) According to Wikipedia, the prediction made in 1954 that electricity would someday be "too cheap to meter" was

a) an argument that fossil fuels are so abundant that we don't need nuclear energy
b) an effort to promote nuclear fusion as an energy source
c) an effort to promote nuclear fission as an energy source

20) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 8.0 meters
b) 10.0 meters
c) 9.0 meters
d) 12.0 meters
e) 11.0 meters

21) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) at infinity
b) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
c) One focal length in front of the eye
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) very far away

22) The law of reflection applies to

a) telescopes but not microscopes
b) flat surfaces
c) curved surfaces
d) both flat and curved surfaces
e) only light in a vacuum

23) A car is traveling in a perfect circle at constant speed. If the car is headed north while turning east, the acceleration is

a) north
b) south
c) zero
d) east
e) west

24) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity while it as its highest point is

a) up
b) zero
c) down
25) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) A: 000110
b) A: 001100
c) B: 000110
d) B: 000110

26) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing lead containers with glass containers
b) replacing glass containers with lead containers
c) replacing glass containers with iron containers
d) replacing iron containers with glass containers

27) Computer modeling has conclusively established that anthropogenic warming has occurred since 1910.

a) true
b) false

28) It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

a) true
b) false

29) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 6
b) 2
c) 4
d) 5
e) 3

30) Proxy temperatures measurements are defined as measurements made using measurements from space.

a) true
b) false

31) These two pulses will collide and produce

a) negative interference
b) positive diffraction
c) positive interference
d) negative diffraction

32) The purpose of Eli Whitney's cotton gin was to

a) clean cotton
b) weave cotton
c) spin cotton
d) pick cotton
e) remove seeds

33) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
b) How bright it is as viewed from Earth
c) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away

34) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as either a "two" or a "three"?

a) 3/6
b) 1/6
c) 2/6
d) 5/6
e) 4/6
35)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 3/4
b) 5/6
c) 3/5
d) 2/4=1/2
e) 2/5

36) If the hypotenuse of a 45°-45° right triangle has a length of ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}$ what is the length of each side?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle 2{\sqrt {2}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle 1}$

37) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) never
b) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)
c) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
d) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.

38) As the Sun, Moon, and planets seem to move around the Earth, they remain close to a circle, called the ecliptic, that can be drawn on paper or imagined in the sky. The Babylonians divided this circle into 12 equal sections of 30 degrees each, and labeled the sections after the zodiacal constellations.

a) true
b) false

39) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) K and K♣
b) two of these are true
c) K♠ and K♣
d) none of these are true
e) K and K♠
40)
This figure is associated with
a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

41) The Bombe was a(n) ______________ device used (circa 1940) to defeat the Enigma machine in World War II.

a) mechanical
b) electric digital programmable
c) electromechanical
d) Turing-complete
42) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 001100
b) A: 001110
c) A: 000110
d) B: 000110

43) Ocean temperatures are increasing more slowly than land temperatures because oceans have more heat capacity and because evaporation cools the water.

a) true
b) false

44) Estimates of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 fell by ______ percent after the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011.

a) 50
b) 10
c) 90

45) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows dips and rises that are caused by changes in

a) the world economy
b) the sun's energy output
c) the earth's distance from the sun
d) worldwide efforts to curtail emissions

46) A local college averages 1600 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of σ2 equal to p(1-p). What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?

a) 32
b) 40
c) 160
d) 10
e) 16
47)
This figure is associated with
a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

48) If an atom absorbs a photon with 4 eV energy, the atom's energy

a) increases by 4 eV
b) increases by 2 eV
c) decreases by 2 eV
d) stays the same
e) decreases by 4 eV

#### FE K2

1) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 20
b) 40
c) 10
d) 1
e) 2

2) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 0.6° Celsius
b) 0.16° Celsius
c) 0.06° Celsius
d) 16° Celsius
e) 1.6° Celsius

3) During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

a) replacing lead containers with glass containers
b) replacing glass containers with iron containers
c) replacing iron containers with glass containers
d) replacing glass containers with lead containers

4) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity while it as its highest point is

a) up
b) zero
c) down
5)
This figure is associated with
a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
e) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)

6) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 12.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

7) A car is traveling in a perfect circle at constant speed. If the car is headed north while turning east, the acceleration is

a) south
b) west
c) zero
d) north
e) east

8) Estimates of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 fell by ______ percent after the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011.

a) 10
b) 90
c) 50

9) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 6
e) 4

10) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the four seasons.

a) true
b) false

11) It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

a) true
b) false

12) These two pulses will collide and produce

a) positive interference
b) positive diffraction
c) negative diffraction
d) negative interference

13) Babbage's account of the origin of the difference engine in the 1820s was that he was working to satisfy the Astronomical Society's desire to improve The Nautical Almanac.

a) true
b) false

14) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as either a "two" or a "three"?

a) 5/6
b) 4/6
c) 3/6
d) 2/6
e) 1/6

15) The law of reflection applies to

a) only light in a vacuum
b) both flat and curved surfaces
c) telescopes but not microscopes
d) flat surfaces
e) curved surfaces

16) The two solid signals add to a (dashed)

a) octave
b) dissonance
c) fifth

17) The purpose of Eli Whitney's cotton gin was to

a) spin cotton
b) clean cotton
c) remove seeds
d) weave cotton
e) pick cotton

18) If the hypotenuse of a 45°-45° right triangle has a length of ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}$ what is the length of each side?

a) ${\displaystyle 1}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle 2{\sqrt {2}}}$

19) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it is as viewed from Earth
b) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
c) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away

20) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4 to A?

a) lose 3 points
b) win 1 point
c) lose Q points
d) no points awarded or lost

21) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) none of these are true
b) K and K♣
c) two of these are true
d) K♠ and K♣
e) K and K♠
22)
This figure is associated with
a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
d) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

23) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 5.0 meters
b) 6.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 4.0 meters
e) 3.0 meters

24) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows dips and rises that are caused by changes in

a) worldwide efforts to curtail emissions
b) the world economy
c) the sun's energy output
d) the earth's distance from the sun

25) As the Sun, Moon, and planets seem to move around the Earth, they remain close to a circle, called the ecliptic, that can be drawn on paper or imagined in the sky. The Babylonians divided this circle into 12 equal sections of 30 degrees each, and labeled the sections after the zodiacal constellations.

a) true
b) false

26) Greenhouse warming acts to cool the stratosphere

a) true
b) false

27) If an atom absorbs a photon with 4 eV energy, the atom's energy

a) decreases by 2 eV
b) decreases by 4 eV
c) stays the same
d) increases by 2 eV
e) increases by 4 eV

28) A local college averages 1600 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of σ2 equal to p(1-p). What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?

a) 160
b) 32
c) 10
d) 40
e) 16

29) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet with thermal (infra-red) radiation adding to the other solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

30) Greenhouse warming acts to warm the stratosphere

a) true
b) false

31) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created

a) electromagnetic or pendulum
b) electromagnetic
c) both can be created
d) pendulum

32) While the Babylonians invented what we call the Saros cycle, they did not call it by that name.

a) true
b) false
33) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) B: 001100
c) A: 001110
d) A: 000110

34) According to Wikipedia, the prediction made in 1954 that electricity would someday be "too cheap to meter" was

a) an effort to promote nuclear fusion as an energy source
b) an argument that fossil fuels are so abundant that we don't need nuclear energy
c) an effort to promote nuclear fission as an energy source
35)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 2/5
b) 3/5
c) 3/4
d) 5/6
e) 2/4=1/2

36) Ocean temperatures are increasing more slowly than land temperatures because oceans have more heat capacity and because evaporation cools the water.

a) true
b) false

37) If a galaxy that is 10 Mpc away is receding at 700km/s, how far would a galaxy be receding if it were 20 Mpc away?

a) 350km/s
b) 1400km/s
c) 700km/s
38) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) B: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) A: 011110

39) The Bombe was a(n) ______________ device used (circa 1940) to defeat the Enigma machine in World War II.

a) mechanical
b) electromechanical
c) electric digital programmable
d) Turing-complete

40) If you toss a coin into the air, the acceleration on the way down is

a) up
b) down
c) zero

41) When is the referee allowed to observe Alice and Bob?

a) The referee should carefully observe Alice and Bob all the time
b) While they are discussing strategy (phase 1), but not while their backs are turned to each other.
c) While their backs are turned, but not while they are discussing strategy (phase 1)
d) never
42) If the machine is at B: 000100, what's next?
a) A: 000110
b) B: 000110
c) B: 000110
d) A: 001100

43) Proxy temperatures measurements are defined as measurements made using measurements from space.

a) true
b) false

44) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 4 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 23.0 meters
b) 21.0 meters
c) 19.0 meters
d) 22.0 meters
e) 20.0 meters

45) Computer modeling has conclusively established that anthropogenic warming has occurred since 1910.

a) true
b) false

46) One concern is that long term nuclear waste management is now being performed by a number of private waste management companies

a) true
b) false

47) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
b) at infinity
c) very far away
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) One focal length in front of the eye
48)
Calculate the measured quantum correlation:
C(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) +2/5
b) +1
c) −2/5
d) −1/5
e) +1/5
f) 0

### FE L0

1) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way down is

a) zero
b) up
c) down

2) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) north
b) northwest
c) southeast
d) northeast
e) northeast

3) A car is traveling east and speeding up. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the east
c) to the west

4) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 10.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 11.0 meters
c) 8.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 12.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 2 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 5.0 meters
b) 3.0 meters
c) 4.0 meters
d) 7.0 meters
e) 6.0 meters

7) A dense rope is connected to a rope with less density (i.e. fewer kilograms per meter). If the rope is stretched and a wave is sent along high density rope towards the low density rope,

a) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher speed
b) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower frequency
c) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower speed
d) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher frequency

8) What happens to the wavelength on a wave on a stretched string if the wave passes from lightweight (low density) region of the rope to a heavy (high density) rope?

a) the wavelength gets longer
b) the wavelength stays the same
c) the wavelength gets shorter

9) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
b) How bright it is as viewed from Earth
c) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away

10) Why was it important to observe supernovae in galaxies that are close to us?

a) it is easier to measure the doppler shift, and that is not always easy to measure.
b) because supernovea are impossible to see in distant galaxies
c) we have other ways of knowing the distances to the nearby galaxies; this gives us the opportunity to study supernovae of known distance and ascertain their absolute magnitude.
d) they have less of a red-shift, and interstellar gas absorbs red light

11) An important principle that allows fiber optics to work is

a) partial internal absorption
b) total external refraction
c) total internal reflection
d) the Doppler shift
e) the invariance of the speed of light

12) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) One focal length in front of the eye
b) at infinity
c) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) very far away

13) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) two of these are true
b) K and K♠
c) K and K♣
d) none of these are true
e) K♠ and K♣

14) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 5
c) 3
d) 4
e) 6

15) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

16) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within ±___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).

a) 6
b) 2
c) 9
d) 18
e) 3

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30° to that field?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
18)
A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45° to the previous, as shown. What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
a) 1/16
b) 3/16
c) 1/32
d) 3/32
e) 1/8

19) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4♠ to A♠?

a) lose Q points
b) win 1 point
c) lose 3 points
d) no points awarded or lost

20) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?

a) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
b) ${\displaystyle 4}$
c) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
d) ${\displaystyle 3}$
e) ${\displaystyle 0}$

21) If a 3 eV photon strikes a metal plate and causes an electron to escape, that electron will have a kinetic energy that is

a) equal to 3 eV
b) equal to 6 eV
c) greater than 3 eV
d) less than 3 eV
e) zero

22) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 4x1018
b) 8x1018
c) 1018
d) 2x1018
e) 6x1018

23) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?

a) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
b) The larger object has a greater energy density.
c) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
d) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
24)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 3/4
b) 5/6
c) 3/5
d) 2/5
e) 2/4=1/2
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
a) 1/2
b) 1
c) 3/4
d) 1/4
e) 5/4
f) 0

26) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, divide by 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false

27) Babbage's use of punch cards in the 1930s to solve a problem posed by the Astronomical Society was later adopted to the Jacquard loom.

a) true
b) false

28) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Saros cycle.

a) true
b) false

29) The Sothic calendar of 365 days did not include an extra day every four years. As a consequence, it advanced by _____ days in 12 years

a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 3

30) What remains nearly the same after a single saros cycle has occured?

a) phase of moon and position of moon relative to the background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
b) phase of moon and earth-moon distance
c) phase of moon and position of sun relative to background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)

31) Your pet lizard is thirsty every 3 days and hungry every 5 days. If she is both thirsty and hungry today, she will be both thirsty and hungry ____ days later

a) 5
b) 15
c) 8
d) 30
32) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000100
b) B: 000100
c) A: 000010
d) B: 000010
33) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) A: 000110
b) B: 000110
c) B: 001100
d) A: 001110
34) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 000111
b) A: 001110
c) A: 001110
d) B: 001110

35) During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

a) Italy
b) Great Britain
c) Sweden
d) Germany
e) United States

36) What impact did the industrial revolution have on living standards of ordinary people, according to Wikipedia?

a) little or no growth until much later (19th and 20th centuries)
b) sustained growth, for the first time in history
c) the question is a subject of controversy
d) little or no growth in the first half, but enormous growth in the second half of the industrial revolution.

37) Neutrons and protons both have "strong" short range interactions with the nucleus. Why can't slow protons be used to cause nuclei to undergo fission?

a) protons are positively charged
b) protons move at the speed of light
c) slow protons can induce fission but they are too expensive to produce
d) slow protons are attracted to the nucleus

38) The Atomic Age, published in 1945, predicted ...

a) widespread radiation poisoning
b) that fossil fuels would go unused
c) nuclear war
d) a world government to prevent nuclear war

39) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

40) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 months;   30%
b) 6 years;   3%
c) 6 months;   3%
d) 6 years;   30%

41) In climate science, mitigation refers to:

a) climate engineering
b) adaptation to the effects of global warming
c) reduction of green house emissions
d) building systems resilient to the effects of global warming

42) Since 1971, 90% of earth's increased energy caused by global warming has been stored in the _____________, mostly _____________

a) sea; in the top kilometer
b) land; near the equators
c) land; near the poles
d) air; in the water vapor
e) sea; in the bottom kilometer

43) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements. The solid black line represents

a) the Medieval Warming Period
b) tree proxy measurements
c) the Little Ice Age
d) thermometer measurements
e) a 10 year average

44) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements
b) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements
c) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements
d) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period

45) The carbon cycle

a) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
b) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.
c) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.

46) Soot tends to warm the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

47) Computer modeling has conclusively established that anthropogenic warming has occurred since 1910.

a) true
b) false

48) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

#### FE L1

1) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 years;   3%
b) 6 years;   30%
c) 6 months;   30%
d) 6 months;   3%

2) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

3) During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

a) Italy
b) Sweden
c) Germany
d) United States
e) Great Britain

4) A dense rope is connected to a rope with less density (i.e. fewer kilograms per meter). If the rope is stretched and a wave is sent along high density rope towards the low density rope,

a) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower frequency
b) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher speed
c) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher frequency
d) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower speed

5) An important principle that allows fiber optics to work is

a) partial internal absorption
b) the Doppler shift
c) total internal reflection
d) total external refraction
e) the invariance of the speed of light

6) Why was it important to observe supernovae in galaxies that are close to us?

a) we have other ways of knowing the distances to the nearby galaxies; this gives us the opportunity to study supernovae of known distance and ascertain their absolute magnitude.
b) because supernovea are impossible to see in distant galaxies
c) it is easier to measure the doppler shift, and that is not always easy to measure.
d) they have less of a red-shift, and interstellar gas absorbs red light

7) A car is traveling east and speeding up. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the east
c) to the west

8) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 11.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters

9) The carbon cycle

a) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.
b) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.
c) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.

10) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way down is

a) up
b) zero
c) down

11) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
b) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
c) How bright it is as viewed from Earth

12) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?

a) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
b) The larger object has a greater energy density.
c) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
d) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).

13) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Saros cycle.

a) true
b) false

14) Soot tends to warm the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

15) Since 1971, 90% of earth's increased energy caused by global warming has been stored in the _____________, mostly _____________

a) sea; in the top kilometer
b) land; near the equators
c) air; in the water vapor
d) sea; in the bottom kilometer
e) land; near the poles
16)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 3/4
b) 2/5
c) 5/6
d) 3/5
e) 2/4=1/2

17) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 8x1018
b) 6x1018
c) 4x1018
d) 2x1018
e) 1018

18) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 3
b) 2
c) 6
d) 4
e) 5

19) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) northwest
b) northeast
c) southeast
d) northeast
e) north

20) Neutrons and protons both have "strong" short range interactions with the nucleus. Why can't slow protons be used to cause nuclei to undergo fission?

a) protons are positively charged
b) protons move at the speed of light
c) slow protons are attracted to the nucleus
d) slow protons can induce fission but they are too expensive to produce
21) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) B: 001110
b) B: 000111
c) A: 001110
d) A: 001110

22) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements. The solid black line represents

a) tree proxy measurements
b) a 10 year average
c) the Little Ice Age
d) thermometer measurements
e) the Medieval Warming Period

23) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 2 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 4.0 meters
b) 5.0 meters
c) 6.0 meters
d) 3.0 meters
e) 7.0 meters

24) The Atomic Age, published in 1945, predicted ...

a) that fossil fuels would go unused
b) widespread radiation poisoning
c) a world government to prevent nuclear war
d) nuclear war
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
a) 1/2
b) 0
c) 1
d) 3/4
e) 5/4
f) 1/4

26) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

27) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements
b) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period
c) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements
d) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements
28) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 001100
b) B: 000110
c) A: 000110
d) A: 001110

29) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, divide by 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false
30) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) A: 000010
b) B: 000100
c) B: 000010
d) A: 000100

31) What happens to the wavelength on a wave on a stretched string if the wave passes from lightweight (low density) region of the rope to a heavy (high density) rope?

a) the wavelength gets shorter
b) the wavelength gets longer
c) the wavelength stays the same

32) Babbage's use of punch cards in the 1930s to solve a problem posed by the Astronomical Society was later adopted to the Jacquard loom.

a) true
b) false

33) What remains nearly the same after a single saros cycle has occured?

a) phase of moon and position of sun relative to background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
b) phase of moon and earth-moon distance
c) phase of moon and position of moon relative to the background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)

34) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

35) In climate science, mitigation refers to:

a) adaptation to the effects of global warming
b) climate engineering
c) reduction of green house emissions
d) building systems resilient to the effects of global warming

36) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?

a) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
b) ${\displaystyle 0}$
c) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
d) ${\displaystyle 4}$
e) ${\displaystyle 3}$

37) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 12.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 10.0 meters

38) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30° to that field?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$

39) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4♠ to A♠?

a) win 1 point
b) lose 3 points
c) lose Q points
d) no points awarded or lost

40) Your pet lizard is thirsty every 3 days and hungry every 5 days. If she is both thirsty and hungry today, she will be both thirsty and hungry ____ days later

a) 5
b) 15
c) 8
d) 30

41) Computer modeling has conclusively established that anthropogenic warming has occurred since 1910.

a) true
b) false

42) If a 3 eV photon strikes a metal plate and causes an electron to escape, that electron will have a kinetic energy that is

a) equal to 6 eV
b) zero
c) equal to 3 eV
d) less than 3 eV
e) greater than 3 eV

43) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) two of these are true
b) K♠ and K♣
c) none of these are true
d) K and K♣
e) K and K♠

44) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) One focal length in front of the eye
b) Two (of the other answers) are true
c) very far away
d) at infinity
e) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)

45) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within ±___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).

a) 2
b) 6
c) 3
d) 18
e) 9

46) The Sothic calendar of 365 days did not include an extra day every four years. As a consequence, it advanced by _____ days in 12 years

a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 3
47)
A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45° to the previous, as shown. What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
a) 3/32
b) 1/16
c) 1/8
d) 1/32
e) 3/16

48) What impact did the industrial revolution have on living standards of ordinary people, according to Wikipedia?

a) the question is a subject of controversy
b) sustained growth, for the first time in history
c) little or no growth until much later (19th and 20th centuries)
d) little or no growth in the first half, but enormous growth in the second half of the industrial revolution.

#### FE L2

1) What impact did the industrial revolution have on living standards of ordinary people, according to Wikipedia?

a) sustained growth, for the first time in history
b) little or no growth in the first half, but enormous growth in the second half of the industrial revolution.
c) little or no growth until much later (19th and 20th centuries)
d) the question is a subject of controversy

2) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4♠ to K♠ while Bob answers 4♠ to A♠?

a) no points awarded or lost
b) lose Q points
c) lose 3 points
d) win 1 point

3) Sothic calendar was an Egyptian calendar with twelve months of 30 days plus five intercalary days to keep the year synchronous with the Saros cycle.

a) true
b) false

4) During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

a) United States
b) Great Britain
c) Sweden
d) Germany
e) Italy

5) The Atomic Age, published in 1945, predicted ...

a) nuclear war
b) that fossil fuels would go unused
c) widespread radiation poisoning
d) a world government to prevent nuclear war
6) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 001100
b) A: 000110
c) A: 001110
d) B: 000110

7) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?

a) 4x1018
b) 6x1018
c) 8x1018
d) 1018
e) 2x1018

8) Your pet lizard is thirsty every 3 days and hungry every 5 days. If she is both thirsty and hungry today, she will be both thirsty and hungry ____ days later

a) 15
b) 8
c) 30
d) 5

9) Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

a) 6 months;   30%
b) 6 years;   3%
c) 6 years;   30%
d) 6 months;   3%

10) Why was it important to observe supernovae in galaxies that are close to us?

a) it is easier to measure the doppler shift, and that is not always easy to measure.
b) we have other ways of knowing the distances to the nearby galaxies; this gives us the opportunity to study supernovae of known distance and ascertain their absolute magnitude.
c) they have less of a red-shift, and interstellar gas absorbs red light
d) because supernovea are impossible to see in distant galaxies

11) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 2 m/s in 3 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 5.0 meters
b) 4.0 meters
c) 6.0 meters
d) 3.0 meters
e) 7.0 meters

12) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, divide by 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false
13)
Calculate the measured probability:
P(♠,) = ?
Assume the dots represent five observations.
a) 3/4
b) 2/4=1/2
c) 5/6
d) 2/5
e) 3/5

14) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is never skewed

a) True
b) False

15) Babbage's use of punch cards in the 1930s to solve a problem posed by the Astronomical Society was later adopted to the Jacquard loom.

a) true
b) false

16) If a 3 eV photon strikes a metal plate and causes an electron to escape, that electron will have a kinetic energy that is

a) equal to 3 eV
b) greater than 3 eV
c) less than 3 eV
d) zero
e) equal to 6 eV

17) You solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 5♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣. Which of the following wins?

a) K and K♠
b) K and K♣
c) two of these are true
d) none of these are true
e) K♠ and K♣

18) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?

a) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
b) ${\displaystyle 4}$
c) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
d) ${\displaystyle 3}$
e) ${\displaystyle 0}$

19) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements. The solid black line represents

a) a 10 year average
b) the Medieval Warming Period
c) tree proxy measurements
d) the Little Ice Age
e) thermometer measurements
20)
A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45° to the previous, as shown. What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
a) 3/32
b) 1/16
c) 1/32
d) 3/16
e) 1/8

21) The Sothic calendar of 365 days did not include an extra day every four years. As a consequence, it advanced by _____ days in 12 years

a) 3
b) 1
c) 4
d) 2

22) Neutrons and protons both have "strong" short range interactions with the nucleus. Why can't slow protons be used to cause nuclei to undergo fission?

a) slow protons can induce fission but they are too expensive to produce
b) slow protons are attracted to the nucleus
c) protons move at the speed of light
d) protons are positively charged
23) If the machine is at A: 000000, what's next?
a) B: 000010
b) B: 000100
c) A: 000010
d) A: 000100

24) It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

a) true
b) false

25) If this represents the eye looking at an object, where is this object?

a) at infinity
b) very far away
c) One focal length in front of the eye
d) Two (of the other answers) are true
e) directly in front of the eye (almost touching)
26) If the machine is at B: 000110 , what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) B: 001110
c) A: 001110
d) B: 000111

27) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30° to that field?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$

28) In climate science, mitigation refers to:

a) climate engineering
b) reduction of green house emissions
c) adaptation to the effects of global warming
d) building systems resilient to the effects of global warming

29) A car is headed due north and increasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The velocity vector points

a) north
b) northeast
c) northwest
d) northeast
e) southeast

30) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements
b) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period
c) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements
d) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements

31) A dense rope is connected to a rope with less density (i.e. fewer kilograms per meter). If the rope is stretched and a wave is sent along high density rope towards the low density rope,

a) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower speed
b) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher frequency
c) the low density rope supports a wave with a higher speed
d) the low density rope supports a wave with a lower frequency

32) Computer modeling has conclusively established that anthropogenic warming has occurred since 1910.

a) true
b) false

33) Since 1971, 90% of earth's increased energy caused by global warming has been stored in the _____________, mostly _____________

a) land; near the equators
b) land; near the poles
c) air; in the water vapor
d) sea; in the top kilometer
e) sea; in the bottom kilometer

34) Computer models accurately model feedback mechanisms associated with the role of clouds as a feedback mechanism.

a) true
b) false

35) A car is traveling east and speeding up. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the west
c) to the east

36) What happens to the wavelength on a wave on a stretched string if the wave passes from lightweight (low density) region of the rope to a heavy (high density) rope?

a) the wavelength gets shorter
b) the wavelength stays the same
c) the wavelength gets longer

37) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within ±___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).

a) 9
b) 6
c) 3
d) 18
e) 2

38) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
b) How bright it is as viewed from Earth
c) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away

39) An important principle that allows fiber optics to work is

a) the Doppler shift
b) total external refraction
c) total internal reflection
d) the invariance of the speed of light
e) partial internal absorption

40) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 6
e) 4

41) What remains nearly the same after a single saros cycle has occured?

a) phase of moon and position of sun relative to background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)
b) phase of moon and earth-moon distance
c) phase of moon and position of moon relative to the background stars (i.e. zodiacal location)

42) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other. The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?

a) The larger object has a greater energy density.
b) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
c) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
d) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).

43) Mr. Smith is driving at a speed of 7 m/s, when he slows down to a speed of 5 m/s, when he hits a wall at this speed, after travelling for 2 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 12.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

44) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 7.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 10.0 meters
d) 11.0 meters
e) 9.0 meters

45) Soot tends to warm the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

46) If you toss a coin into the air, the velocity on the way down is

a) zero
b) down
c) up
47)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
a) 3/4
b) 1/2
c) 5/4
d) 0
e) 1
f) 1/4

48) The carbon cycle

a) describes how carbon is absorbed and emitted by the oceans, soil, plants, etc.
b) is a proposal to trade carbon credits.
c) is an effort to store carbon in underground caves.

### FE M0

1) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) south
b) southeast
c) west
d) southwest
e) northwest

2) A car is traveling east and speeding up. The acceleration is

a) to the east
b) zero
c) to the west

3) A car is traveling in a perfect circle at constant speed. If the car is headed north while turning east, the acceleration is

a) south
b) zero
c) north
d) west
e) east

4) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 11.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 10.0 meters
d) 7.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

5) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 1 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 9.0 meters
b) 6.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 8.0 meters
e) 5.0 meters

6) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 15.0 meters
b) 16.0 meters
c) 14.0 meters
d) 17.0 meters
e) 13.0 meters

7) What happens to the wavelength on a wave on a stretched string if the wave passes from lightweight (low density) region of the rope to a heavy (high density) rope?

a) the wavelength gets shorter
b) the wavelength gets longer
c) the wavelength stays the same

8) If you start moving towards a source of sound, the pitch

a) becomes lower
b) remains unchanged
c) becomes higher

9) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away
b) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
c) How bright it is as viewed from Earth

10) Why was it important to observe supernovae in galaxies that are close to us?

a) they have less of a red-shift, and interstellar gas absorbs red light
b) we have other ways of knowing the distances to the nearby galaxies; this gives us the opportunity to study supernovae of known distance and ascertain their absolute magnitude.
c) because supernovea are impossible to see in distant galaxies
d) it is easier to measure the doppler shift, and that is not always easy to measure.
11)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object
b) how a farsighted person might see a distant object
c) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
d) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort

12) Which lens has the shorter focal length?

a)
b) They have the same focal lengh.
c)

13) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) be disqualified for cheating
b) win 3 points
c) lose 3 points
d) lose 1 point
e) win 1 point

14) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 5
b) 1
c) 2
d) 4
e) 3

15) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within ±___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).

a) 9
b) 2
c) 6
d) 18
e) 3

16) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 2.2
b) 1.1
c) 9.9
d) 3.3

17) If the hypotenuse of a 60°-30° right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the shorter side?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$

18) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 9mW
b) 6mW
c) 4mW
d) 8mW
e) 3mW

19) The α-strategy in the couples version of the card game is similar to the strategy introduced in the solitaire version, and calls for

a) Alice and Bob to sometimes give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
b) Alice and Bob to always answer "odd"
c) Alice and Bob to always give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
d) Alice and Bob to always answer "even"
e) None of these describes the α-strategy

20) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?

a) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
b) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$
c) ${\displaystyle 3}$
d) ${\displaystyle 4}$
e) ${\displaystyle 0}$

21) If an atom absorbs a photon with 4 eV energy, the atom's energy

a) decreases by 2 eV
b) stays the same
c) decreases by 4 eV
d) increases by 2 eV
e) increases by 4 eV

22) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 40°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 3/4
c) 1/4
d) 1/2
e) 0

23) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 0
c) 3/4
d) 1/2
e) 1/4
24)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(even), or the probability that the number is even?
a) 5/4
b) 1
c) 0
d) 1/4
e) 1/2
f) 3/4
25)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 3/4
d) 5/4
e) 1/2
f) 1/4

26) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, add 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false

27) Analog computers were phased out by the dawn of the twentieth century (circa 1900)

a) true
b) false

28) Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of ______, with other metals included ______

a) copper;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.
b) copper;   to make it withstand corrosion.
c) copper;   to make it hard.
d) iron;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.

29) Chemical analysis of the bronze used in the gears of the Antikythera device

a) was not possible due to the degree of corrosion.
b) suggested that Greek technology was used.
c) suggested that Roman technology was used.
d) suggested that a number of such devices had been produced.

30) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 2
b) 1
c) 40
d) 20
e) 10

31) The Saros cycle is 18 years plus either 10.321 or 11.321 days. The reason for the variable number of days has to do with

a) leap years
b) precession of the Moon's orbit
c) a wobble in the Moon's orbit
d) precession of the equinoxes
32) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) B: 000110
b) B: 001100
c) A: 001110
d) A: 000110
33) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) A: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110
34) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) A: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

35) Early uses for sulphuric acid included

a) removing rust and making cement
b) making cement and bleaching cloth
c) removing rust and bleaching cloth
d) producing dyes and making cement
e) producing dyes and bleaching cloth

36) On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

a) spinning, weaving, more
b) weaving, spinning, fewer
c) weaving, spinning, more
d) spinning, weaving, fewer

37) The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

a) true
b) false

38) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) less
b) comparable
c) more

39) One concern is that long term nuclear waste management is now being performed by a number of private waste management companies

a) true
b) false

40) It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

a) true
b) false

41) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows solid straight lines that represent

a) estimates of the contributions from fossil fuels alone
b) estimates of the contributions from everything except fossil fuels
c) estimates of the impact on land temperatures
d) estimates made in the year 2000 of what would happen in the future

42) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 0.6° Celsius
b) 1.6° Celsius
c) 0.06° Celsius
d) 0.16° Celsius
e) 16° Celsius

43) Compared with the first half of the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise during the second (latter) half was

a) twice as much
b) about the same
c) half as much

44) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period
b) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements
c) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements
d) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements

45) Soot tends to cool the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

46) Approximately what percent of global warming can be attributed to a long-term trend (since 1978) in the sun's energy?

a) 10%
b) 50%
c) 30%
d) 0%

47) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet until the thermal (infra-red) radiation away the planet rises to match the solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

48) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that this heat is retained by the planet.

a) true
b) false

#### FE M1

1) The Reconstructed Temperature (0-2000 AD) plot in "Observed Temperature Changes" shows temperature measurements, as well as what curious feature? (See also Divergence problem)

a) the fact that the different proxy measurements deviate considerably from the average of all proxy measurements
b) a divergence between the tree and pollen proxy measurements
c) the Little Ice Age being less prominent than the Medieval Warming period
d) a tiny gap at the end of the proxy measurements

2) Soot tends to cool the earth when it accumulates in atmospheric brown clouds.

a) true
b) false

3) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within ±___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).

a) 3
b) 2
c) 9
d) 6
e) 18

4) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.

a) 5
b) 4
c) 1
d) 3
e) 2

5) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is σ2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.

a) 2.2
b) 1.1
c) 3.3
d) 9.9

6) It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

a) true
b) false

7) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 100°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 0
e) 3/4

8) Chemical analysis of the bronze used in the gears of the Antikythera device

a) suggested that Greek technology was used.
b) suggested that Roman technology was used.
c) was not possible due to the degree of corrosion.
d) suggested that a number of such devices had been produced.

9) Mr. Smith starts from rest and accelerates to 4 m/s in 5 seconds. How far did he travel?

a) 10.0 meters
b) 8.0 meters
c) 7.0 meters
d) 9.0 meters
e) 11.0 meters
10) If the machine is at A: 001110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) A: 011110
c) H: 011110
d) B: 011110

11) Early uses for sulphuric acid included

a) removing rust and making cement
b) producing dyes and bleaching cloth
c) removing rust and bleaching cloth
d) producing dyes and making cement
e) making cement and bleaching cloth

12) If you start moving towards a source of sound, the pitch

a) becomes lower
b) becomes higher
c) remains unchanged

13) Between any given eclipse and the one that occurs one Saros (roughly 18 years) later, there will be approximately ________ lunar and solar eclipses.

a) 1
b) 40
c) 10
d) 20
e) 2

14) On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

a) weaving, spinning, fewer
b) spinning, weaving, fewer
c) spinning, weaving, more
d) weaving, spinning, more

15) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30° to the incoming axis of polarization. How much power is blocked by the filter?

a) 8mW
b) 6mW
c) 3mW
d) 4mW
e) 9mW

16) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with ${\displaystyle Q={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {1-P_{S}}{P_{S}}}\right).}$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?

a) ${\displaystyle 3}$
b) ${\displaystyle \infty }$
c) ${\displaystyle 0}$
d) ${\displaystyle 4}$
e) ${\displaystyle 4/3}$

17) In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

a) more
b) less
c) comparable

18) The Stefan-Boltzmann law plays a central role in establishing a planets temperature as the sun heats the planet until the thermal (infra-red) radiation away the planet rises to match the solar radiation onto the planet

a) true
b) false

19) Stefan-Boltzmann radiation is called a negative feedback mechanism because if the sun's radiation increases, the Stefan-Boltzmann law ensures that this heat is retained by the planet.

a) true
b) false

20) A photon is polarized at 10° when it encounters a filter oriented at 40°. What is the probability that it is blocked?

a) 1
b) 1/4
c) 3/4
d) 1/2
e) 0

21) The lede's "CO2 Emissions per Year" graph (1990-2010) shows solid straight lines that represent

a) estimates of the contributions from everything except fossil fuels
b) estimates made in the year 2000 of what would happen in the future
c) estimates of the impact on land temperatures
d) estimates of the contributions from fossil fuels alone

22) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 6 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 3 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 4 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 13.0 meters
b) 17.0 meters
c) 14.0 meters
d) 16.0 meters
e) 15.0 meters

23) If the hypotenuse of a 60°-30° right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the shorter side?

a) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}}$
b) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}}$
c) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}$
d) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{4}}}$
e) ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}}$

24) A car is headed due north and decreasing its speed. It is also turning left because it is also traveling in a perfect circle. The acceleration vector points

a) southeast
b) southwest
c) south
d) west
e) northwest

25) A car is traveling in a perfect circle at constant speed. If the car is headed north while turning east, the acceleration is

a) east
b) north
c) zero
d) west
e) south

26) If an atom absorbs a photon with 4 eV energy, the atom's energy

a) decreases by 4 eV
b) stays the same
c) increases by 4 eV
d) decreases by 2 eV
e) increases by 2 eV

27) Which lens has the shorter focal length?

a) They have the same focal lengh.
b)
c)

28) Approximately what percent of global warming can be attributed to a long-term trend (since 1978) in the sun's energy?

a) 30%
b) 10%
c) 0%
d) 50%
29) If the machine is at A: 000110, what's next?
a) A: 001110
b) B: 001100
c) A: 000110
d) B: 000110

30) Analog computers were phased out by the dawn of the twentieth century (circa 1900)

a) true
b) false

31) A car is traveling east and speeding up. The acceleration is

a) zero
b) to the east
c) to the west

32) Why was it important to observe supernovae in galaxies that are close to us?

a) because supernovea are impossible to see in distant galaxies
b) it is easier to measure the doppler shift, and that is not always easy to measure.
c) they have less of a red-shift, and interstellar gas absorbs red light
d) we have other ways of knowing the distances to the nearby galaxies; this gives us the opportunity to study supernovae of known distance and ascertain their absolute magnitude.

33) Your solitaire deck uses ♠ ♣ and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4♠, 4♣, and 5. If the questions were Q♠ and Q♣, you would__

a) be disqualified for cheating
b) lose 1 point
c) lose 3 points
d) win 1 point
e) win 3 points
34)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
a) 1/4
b) 3/4
c) 1/2
d) 5/4
e) 0
f) 1

35) The Saros cycle is 18 years plus either 10.321 or 11.321 days. The reason for the variable number of days has to do with

a) leap years
b) precession of the Moon's orbit
c) precession of the equinoxes
d) a wobble in the Moon's orbit

36) The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

a) true
b) false

37) Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of ______, with other metals included ______

a) iron;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.
b) copper;   to make it withstand corrosion.
c) copper;   to make it hard.
d) copper;   as impurities that served little or no purpose.
38)
If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(even), or the probability that the number is even?
a) 5/4
b) 3/4
c) 0
d) 1/4
e) 1
f) 1/2

39) One concern is that long term nuclear waste management is now being performed by a number of private waste management companies

a) true
b) false

40) This algorithm halts if it starts at 0:
* Add 3
* If the number is divisible by 10, add 10
* Stop if the number exceeds 100
* Go to top

a) true
b) false

41) What happens to the wavelength on a wave on a stretched string if the wave passes from lightweight (low density) region of the rope to a heavy (high density) rope?

a) the wavelength stays the same
b) the wavelength gets shorter
c) the wavelength gets longer

42) Mr. Smith starts at rest and accelerates to a speed of 2 m/s, in 2 seconds. He then travels at this speed for an additional 1 seconds. Then he decelerates uniformly, taking 2 seconds to come to rest. How far did he travel?

a) 6.0 meters
b) 9.0 meters
c) 5.0 meters
d) 7.0 meters
e) 8.0 meters

43) The lede's graphs of the "Global Land Ocean Temperature Index (1880-2013)" indicates that from 1960 to 2012 the average temperature increased by approximately

a) 0.06° Celsius
b) 0.6° Celsius
c) 0.16° Celsius
d) 16° Celsius
e) 1.6° Celsius
44)
Shown is a corrective lens by a person who needs glasses. This ray diagram illustrates
a) how a farsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort
b) how a nearsighted person might see a distant object
c) how a farsighted person might see a distant object
d) how a nearsighted person might see an object that is too close for comfort

45) The α-strategy in the couples version of the card game is similar to the strategy introduced in the solitaire version, and calls for

a) Alice and Bob to always answer "odd"
b) Alice and Bob to sometimes give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
c) None of these describes the α-strategy
d) Alice and Bob to always answer "even"
e) Alice and Bob to always give different answers (one "even" while the other "odd")
46) If the machine is at B: 011110, what's next?
a) H: 011110
b) H: 011110
c) A: 011110
d) B: 011110

47) The "apparent" magnitude of a star is

a) How bright it is as viewed from Earth
b) How bright it would be if it were not receding due to Hubble expansion
c) How bright it would be if you were exactly one light year away

48) Compared with the first half of the twentieth century, the rate of earth's average temperature rise during the second (latter) half was

a) twice as much
b) about the same
c) half as much