A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – X – Y – Zⓘ
Ä – Ö – Ü – ßⓘ
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Mann
|
De-Mann.oggⓘ
|
man
|
short [a] – closed syllable ending in consonant
|
| Land
|
De-Land.oggⓘ
|
land / country
|
short [a] – closed syllable
|
| Hand
|
De-Hand.oggⓘ
|
hand
|
short [a] – closed syllable
|
| Wasser
|
De-Wasser.oggⓘ
|
water
|
short [a] – doubled consonant indicates short vowel
|
| fangen
|
De-fangen.oggⓘ
|
to catch
|
short [a] – followed by consonant cluster
|
| Vater
|
De-Vater.oggⓘ
|
father
|
long [aː] – open syllable with single consonant after
|
| Saal
|
De-Saal.oggⓘ
|
hall
|
long [aː] – "aa" indicates vowel length
|
| Zahn
|
De-Zahn.oggⓘ
|
tooth
|
long [aː] – "ah" indicates vowel length
|
| haben
|
De-haben.oggⓘ
|
to have
|
long [aː] – open syllable
|
| fahren
|
De-fahren.oggⓘ
|
to drive / to go
|
long [aː] – "ah" indicates vowel length
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Baum
|
De-Baum.oggⓘ
|
tree
|
[b] – initial, voiced plosive
|
| Bruder
|
De-Bruder.oggⓘ
|
brother
|
[b] – initial, voiced, stressed syllable
|
| beide
|
De-beide.oggⓘ
|
both
|
[b] – initial, before diphthong
|
| Bild
|
De-Bild.oggⓘ
|
picture
|
[b] – initial, consonant cluster follows
|
| Abend
|
De-Abend.oggⓘ
|
evening
|
[b] – medial, intervocalic, voiced
|
| Liebe
|
De-Liebe.oggⓘ
|
love
|
[b] – medial, voiced, final e follows
|
| geben
|
De-geben.oggⓘ
|
to give
|
[b] – medial, intervocalic
|
| bleiben
|
De-bleiben.oggⓘ
|
to stay
|
[b] – medial, diphthong follows
|
| schreiben
|
De-schreiben.oggⓘ
|
to write
|
[b] – medial, voiced, unstressed syllable
|
| haben
|
De-haben.oggⓘ
|
to have
|
[b] – medial, intervocalic
|
| halb
|
De-halb.oggⓘ
|
half
|
[p] – final, devoiced
|
| ab
|
De-ab.oggⓘ
|
off, from
|
[p] – final, devoiced
|
| ob
|
De-ob.oggⓘ
|
whether, if
|
[p] – final, devoiced
|
| lieb
|
De-lieb.oggⓘ
|
dear
|
[p] – final, devoiced
|
| grob
|
De-grob.oggⓘ
|
rough
|
[p] – final, devoiced
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Fisch
|
De-Fisch.oggⓘ
|
fish
|
[f] – at the beginning, voiceless
|
| fünf
|
De-fünf.oggⓘ
|
five
|
[f] – initial position, voiceless
|
| fahren
|
De-fahren.oggⓘ
|
to drive
|
[f] – word-initial, followed by vowel
|
| Kaffee
|
|
coffee
|
[f] – medial position, geminate ff
|
| hoffen
|
De-hoffen.oggⓘ
|
to hope
|
[f] – medial ff, voiceless
|
| helfen
|
De-helfen.oggⓘ
|
to help
|
[f] – medial f, intervocalic
|
| Dorf
|
De-Dorf.oggⓘ
|
village
|
[f] – final position, voiceless
|
| scharf
|
De-scharf.oggⓘ
|
sharp
|
[f] – word-final after r
|
| brav
|
De-brav.oggⓘ
|
well-behaved
|
[f] – final position, devoiced
|
| tief
|
De-tief.oggⓘ
|
deep
|
[f] – final position, voiceless
|
| kaufen
|
De-kaufen.oggⓘ
|
to buy
|
[f] – medial f, unstressed syllable
|
| laufen
|
De-laufen.oggⓘ
|
to run
|
[f] – medial f, diphthong + f
|
| liefern
|
De-liefern.oggⓘ
|
to deliver
|
[f] – medial f, between vowels
|
| Ufer
|
De-Ufer.oggⓘ
|
shore
|
[f] – initial f in stressed syllable
|
| Opfer
|
De-Opfer.oggⓘ
|
victim
|
[pf] – pf cluster, pronounced [pf]
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| gut
|
De-gut.oggⓘ
|
good
|
[g] – word-initial, voiced plosive
|
| geben
|
De-geben.oggⓘ
|
to give
|
[g] – initial, before vowel
|
| Geld
|
De-Geld.oggⓘ
|
money
|
[g] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| sagen
|
De-sagen.oggⓘ
|
to say
|
[g] – medial, intervocalic
|
| fragen
|
De-fragen.oggⓘ
|
to ask
|
[g] – medial, voiced
|
| tragen
|
De-tragen.oggⓘ
|
to carry
|
[g] – medial, voiced
|
| Weg
|
De-Weg.oggⓘ
|
way
|
[k] – word-final devoicing
|
| Tag
|
De-Tag.oggⓘ
|
day
|
[k] – final position, devoiced
|
| Zug
|
De-Zug.oggⓘ
|
train
|
[k] – final position, devoiced
|
| Berg
|
De-Berg.oggⓘ
|
mountain
|
[k] – final, devoiced after r
|
| König
|
De-König.oggⓘ
|
king
|
[ç] – final -ig pronounced as [ɪç]
|
| lustig
|
De-lustig.oggⓘ
|
funny
|
[ç] – -ig ending, palatal fricative
|
| wenig
|
De-wenig.oggⓘ
|
little
|
[ç] – -ig ending, palatal fricative
|
| gnädig
|
De-gnädig.oggⓘ
|
gracious
|
[ç] – -ig ending, palatal fricative
|
| Gitarre
|
De-Gitarre.oggⓘ
|
guitar
|
[g] – initial, voiced plosive
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Haus
|
De-Haus.oggⓘ
|
house
|
[h] – initial, voiceless glottal fricative
|
| haben
|
De-haben.oggⓘ
|
to have
|
[h] – word-initial, voiced vowel follows
|
| Hund
|
De-Hund.oggⓘ
|
dog
|
[h] – initial position, stressed syllable
|
| hoch
|
De-hoch.oggⓘ
|
high
|
[h] – initial, long vowel follows
|
| helfen
|
De-helfen.oggⓘ
|
to help
|
[h] – word-initial, short vowel follows
|
| hören
|
De-hören.oggⓘ
|
to hear
|
[h] – initial, umlaut vowel follows
|
| Heimat
|
De-Heimat.oggⓘ
|
homeland
|
[h] – initial, compound word
|
| mehr
|
De-mehr.oggⓘ
|
more
|
silent – postvocalic h lengthens preceding vowel
|
| gehen
|
De-gehen.oggⓘ
|
to go
|
silent – medial h marks vowel length
|
| stehen
|
De-stehen.oggⓘ
|
to stand
|
silent – medial h lengthens vowel
|
| sehen
|
De-sehen.oggⓘ
|
to see
|
silent – medial h lengthens vowel
|
| ziehen
|
De-ziehen.oggⓘ
|
to pull
|
silent – h lengthens preceding vowel
|
| wahr
|
De-wahr.oggⓘ
|
true
|
silent – final h lengthens vowel
|
| sehr
|
De-sehr.oggⓘ
|
very
|
silent – final h lengthens vowel
|
| Ehe
|
De-Ehe.oggⓘ
|
marriage
|
[ʔ] – glottal stop before stressed initial vowel
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| ja
|
De-ja.oggⓘ
|
yes
|
[j] – word-initial, vowel follows
|
| Jahr
|
De-Jahr.oggⓘ
|
year
|
[j] – initial, before back vowel
|
| jetzt
|
De-jetzt.oggⓘ
|
now
|
[j] – initial, consonant cluster follows
|
| jung
|
De-jung.oggⓘ
|
young
|
[j] – initial, nasal follows
|
| jeder
|
De-jeder.oggⓘ
|
every
|
[j] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| jemand
|
De-jemand.oggⓘ
|
someone
|
[j] – initial, unstressed second syllable
|
| Jugend
|
De-Jugend.oggⓘ
|
youth
|
[j] – initial, compound word
|
| Januar
|
De-Januar.oggⓘ
|
January
|
[j] – initial in loanword
|
| Juli
|
De-Juli.oggⓘ
|
July
|
[j] – initial, followed by [uː]
|
| Juni
|
De-Juni.oggⓘ
|
June
|
[j] – initial, followed by [uː]
|
| Julia
|
De-Julia.oggⓘ
|
Julia
|
[j] – initial, before vowel
|
| Johannes
|
De-Johannes.oggⓘ
|
John
|
[j] – initial, traditional name
|
| Josef
|
De-Josef.oggⓘ
|
Joseph
|
[j] – initial, proper name
|
| junges
|
De-junges.oggⓘ
|
young (neuter form)
|
[j] – word-initial, unstressed syllable follows
|
| jede
|
De-jede.oggⓘ
|
each
|
[j] – initial, vowel follows
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Kind
|
De-Kind.oggⓘ
|
child
|
[k] – initial, before short vowel
|
| Katze
|
De-Katze.oggⓘ
|
cat
|
[k] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| kommen
|
De-kommen.oggⓘ
|
to come
|
[k] – initial, double consonant follows
|
| können
|
De-können.oggⓘ
|
can, be able to
|
[k] – initial, front rounded vowel follows
|
| Kopf
|
De-Kopf.oggⓘ
|
head
|
[k] – initial, consonant cluster follows
|
| krank
|
De-krank.oggⓘ
|
sick
|
[k] – initial, cluster [kr]
|
| Klasse
|
De-Klasse.oggⓘ
|
class
|
[k] – initial, loanword
|
| Kuchen
|
De-Kuchen.oggⓘ
|
cake
|
[k] – initial, long vowel follows
|
| Karte
|
De-Karte.oggⓘ
|
card, map
|
[k] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Bank
|
De-Bank.oggⓘ
|
bank
|
[k] – final, devoiced consonant
|
| Musik
|
De-Musik.oggⓘ
|
music
|
[k] – final position, voiceless
|
| zurück
|
De-Zurück.oggⓘ
|
back
|
[k] – final, stressed syllable
|
| Stück
|
De-Stück.oggⓘ
|
piece
|
[k] – final, after umlaut
|
| dick
|
De-dick.oggⓘ
|
fat, thick
|
[k] – final, closed syllable
|
| trinken
|
De-trinken.oggⓘ
|
to drink
|
[k] – medial, intervocalic
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Lampe
|
De-Lampe.oggⓘ
|
lamp
|
[l] – initial, before vowel
|
| leben
|
De-leben.oggⓘ
|
to live
|
[l] – initial, long vowel follows
|
| Leute
|
De-Leute.oggⓘ
|
people
|
[l] – initial, diphthong follows
|
| Land
|
De-Land.oggⓘ
|
country
|
[l] – initial, consonant cluster follows
|
| Liebe
|
De-Liebe.oggⓘ
|
love
|
[l] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Lehrer
|
De-Lehrer.oggⓘ
|
teacher
|
[l] – initial, loanword element
|
| viel
|
De-viel.oggⓘ
|
much, many
|
[l] – final, clear articulation
|
| schnell
|
De-schnell.oggⓘ
|
fast
|
[l] – final, after double consonant
|
| hell
|
De-hell.oggⓘ
|
bright, light
|
[l] – final, geminate ll
|
| wollen
|
De-wollen.oggⓘ
|
to want
|
[l] – medial, intervocalic
|
| sollen
|
De-sollen.oggⓘ
|
should
|
[l] – medial, unstressed syllable
|
| gefallen
|
De-gefallen.oggⓘ
|
to please
|
[l] – medial, clear sound
|
| Rolle
|
De-Rolle.oggⓘ
|
role
|
[l] – medial, double consonant
|
| Stuhl
|
De-Stuhl.oggⓘ
|
chair
|
[l] – final, after diphthong
|
| Gefühl
|
De-Gefühl.oggⓘ
|
feeling
|
[l] – final, after long vowel
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Mann
|
De-Mann.oggⓘ
|
man
|
[m] – initial, before vowel
|
| Mutter
|
De-Mutter.oggⓘ
|
mother
|
[m] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Musik
|
De-Musik.oggⓘ
|
music
|
[m] – initial, loanword
|
| Montag
|
De-Montag.oggⓘ
|
Monday
|
[m] – initial, proper noun
|
| machen
|
De-machen.oggⓘ
|
to do, to make
|
[m] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Milch
|
De-Milch.oggⓘ
|
milk
|
[m] – initial, followed by consonant cluster
|
| kommen
|
De-kommen.oggⓘ
|
to come
|
[m] – final, double consonant
|
| nehmen
|
De-nehmen.oggⓘ
|
to take
|
[m] – medial, intervocalic
|
| immer
|
De-immer.oggⓘ
|
always
|
[m] – medial, between vowels
|
| Himmel
|
De-Himmel.oggⓘ
|
sky, heaven
|
[m] – medial, geminate mm
|
| zusammen
|
De-zusammen.oggⓘ
|
together
|
[m] – final, unstressed syllable
|
| warum
|
De-warum.oggⓘ
|
why
|
[m] – final, clear bilabial
|
| Problem
|
De-Problem.oggⓘ
|
problem
|
[m] – final, loanword
|
| Team
|
De-Team.oggⓘ
|
team
|
[m] – final, loanword
|
| Museum
|
De-Museum.oggⓘ
|
museum
|
[m] – final, unstressed
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Name
|
De-Name.oggⓘ
|
name
|
[n] – initial, before vowel
|
| neu
|
De-neu.oggⓘ
|
new
|
[n] – initial, diphthong follows
|
| neun
|
De-neun.oggⓘ
|
nine
|
[n] – initial, nasal before diphthong
|
| Nacht
|
De-Nacht.oggⓘ
|
night
|
[n] – initial, consonant cluster follows
|
| nicht
|
De-nicht.oggⓘ
|
not
|
[n] – initial, before [ɪç]
|
| Kind
|
De-Kind.oggⓘ
|
child
|
[n] – medial, alveolar nasal
|
| Sonne
|
De-sonne.oggⓘ
|
sun
|
[n] – medial, geminate nn
|
| Männer
|
De-Männer.oggⓘ
|
men
|
[n] – medial, short stressed syllable
|
| wohnen
|
De-wohnen.oggⓘ
|
to live
|
[n] – medial, intervocalic
|
| können
|
De-können.oggⓘ
|
can
|
[n] – medial, unstressed syllable
|
| ohne
|
De-ohne.oggⓘ
|
without
|
[n] – medial, after long vowel
|
| Land
|
De-Land.oggⓘ
|
country
|
[n] – final, alveolar nasal
|
| schon
|
De-schon.oggⓘ
|
already
|
[n] – final, long vowel precedes
|
| bringen
|
De-bringen.oggⓘ
|
to bring
|
[ŋ] – velar nasal before g
|
| denken
|
De-denken.oggⓘ
|
to think
|
[ŋ] – velar nasal before k
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Oma
|
De-Oma.oggⓘ
|
grandma
|
[oː] – long, stressed initial vowel
|
| oben
|
De-oben.oggⓘ
|
above
|
[oː] – long, open syllable
|
| ohne
|
De-ohne.oggⓘ
|
without
|
[oː] – long, before h (length marker)
|
| Ohr
|
De-Ohr.oggⓘ
|
ear
|
[oː] – long, before h + r
|
| Boot
|
De-Boot.oggⓘ
|
boat
|
[oː] – long, before final consonant
|
| Brot
|
De-Brot.oggⓘ
|
bread
|
[oː] – long, before t
|
| so
|
De-so.oggⓘ
|
so
|
[oː] – long, monosyllabic word
|
| Sonne
|
De-sonne.oggⓘ
|
sun
|
[ɔ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| kommen
|
De-kommen.oggⓘ
|
to come
|
[ɔ] – short, double consonant follows
|
| Woche
|
De-Woche.oggⓘ
|
week
|
[ɔ] – short, open syllable
|
| Loch
|
De-Loch.oggⓘ
|
hole
|
[ɔ] – short, before final consonant
|
| hoffen
|
De-hoffen.oggⓘ
|
to hope
|
[ɔ] – short, medial syllable
|
| Gott
|
De-Gott.oggⓘ
|
God
|
[ɔ] – short, closed syllable
|
| Tochter
|
De-Tochter.oggⓘ
|
daughter
|
[ɔ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| dort
|
De-dort.oggⓘ
|
there
|
[ɔ] – short, closed syllable + r
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Papa
|
De-Papa.oggⓘ
|
dad
|
[p] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Pferd
|
De-Pferd.oggⓘ
|
horse
|
[p͡f] – cluster, affricate [pf]
|
| Platz
|
De-Platz.oggⓘ
|
place, square
|
[p] – initial, consonant cluster [pl]
|
| Preis
|
De-Preis.oggⓘ
|
price, prize
|
[p] – initial, consonant cluster [pr]
|
| Punkt
|
De-Punkt.oggⓘ
|
point, dot
|
[p] – initial, before cluster [pn/pt]
|
| Packung
|
De-Packung.oggⓘ
|
package
|
[p] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Papier
|
De-Papier.oggⓘ
|
paper
|
[p] – initial, loanword
|
medial cluster [pf]
|
| Apfel
|
De-Apfel.oggⓘ
|
apple
|
[p͡f] – [pf] cluster, stressed syllable
|
| Topf
|
De-Topf.oggⓘ
|
pot
|
[p͡f] – final [pf] affricate
|
| Teppich
|
De-Teppich.oggⓘ
|
carpet
|
[p] – medial, geminate pp
|
| Suppe
|
De-Suppe.oggⓘ
|
soup
|
[p] – medial, doubled
|
| Stop
|
|
stop
|
[p] – final, loanword
|
| Knapp
|
De-knapp.oggⓘ
|
scarce
|
[p] – final, devoiced, closed syllable
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| rot
|
De-rot.oggⓘ
|
red
|
[ʁ] – initial, uvular fricative
|
| Regen
|
De-Regen.oggⓘ
|
rain
|
[ʁ] – initial, followed by vowel
|
| reich
|
De-reich.oggⓘ
|
rich
|
[ʁ] – initial, before diphthong
|
| ruhig
|
De-ruhig.oggⓘ
|
calm, quiet
|
[ʁ] – initial, unstressed syllable
|
| Frau
|
De-Frau.oggⓘ
|
woman, Mrs.
|
[ʁ] – initial, consonant cluster [fr]
|
| schreiben
|
De-schreiben.oggⓘ
|
to write
|
[ʁ] – medial, intervocalic
|
| Erde
|
De-Erde.oggⓘ
|
earth
|
[ʁ] – medial, after vowel
|
| hören
|
De-hören.oggⓘ
|
to hear
|
[ʁ] – medial, after vowel + umlaut
|
| Fahrrad
|
De-Fahrrad.oggⓘ
|
bicycle
|
[ʁ] – medial, geminate rr
|
| Lehrer
|
De-Lehrer.oggⓘ
|
teacher
|
[ɐ] – final -er reduced to [ɐ]
|
| Wasser
|
De-Wasser.oggⓘ
|
water
|
[ɐ] – final -er pronounced as [ɐ]
|
| besser
|
De-besser.oggⓘ
|
better
|
[ɐ] – unstressed -er ending
|
| Tür
|
De-Tür.oggⓘ
|
door
|
[ʁ] – final, uvular fricative
|
| Jahr
|
De-Jahr.oggⓘ
|
year
|
[ʁ] – final, uvular fricative
|
| Herr
|
De-Herr.oggⓘ
|
Mr.
|
[ʁ] – final in stressed monosyllable
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Tag
|
De-Tag.oggⓘ
|
day
|
[t] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Tisch
|
De-Tisch.oggⓘ
|
table
|
[t] – initial, before vowel
|
| Tier
|
De-Tier.oggⓘ
|
animal
|
[t] – initial, long vowel follows
|
| Tante
|
De-Tante.oggⓘ
|
aunt
|
[t] – initial, nasal follows
|
| tun
|
De-tun.oggⓘ
|
to do
|
[t] – initial, monosyllabic verb
|
| treffen
|
De-treffen.oggⓘ
|
to meet
|
[t] – initial, consonant cluster follows
|
| trinken
|
De-trinken.oggⓘ
|
to drink
|
[t] – initial, cluster [tr]
|
| Stadt
|
|
city
|
[t] – final, devoiced
|
| Bett
|
De-Bett.oggⓘ
|
bed
|
[t] – final, geminate tt
|
| Mutter
|
De-Mutter.oggⓘ
|
mother
|
[t] – medial, doubled consonant
|
| Vater
|
De-Vater.oggⓘ
|
father
|
[t] – medial, intervocalic
|
| heute
|
De-heute.oggⓘ
|
today
|
[t] – final, unstressed syllable
|
| Leute
|
De-Leute.oggⓘ
|
people
|
[t] – final, diphthong + t
|
| Nation
|
De-Nation.ogaⓘ
|
nation
|
[ts] – ti in loanword = [tsj]
|
| Tradition
|
De-Tradition.oggⓘ
|
tradition
|
[ts] – ti cluster in foreign origin word
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| und
|
De-und.oggⓘ
|
and
|
[ʊ] – short, unstressed function word
|
| Mutter
|
De-Mutter.oggⓘ
|
mother
|
[ʊ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| Kunde
|
De-Kunde.oggⓘ
|
customer
|
[ʊ] – short, closed syllable
|
| Luft
|
De-Luft.oggⓘ
|
air
|
[ʊ] – short, before consonant cluster
|
| Hund
|
De-Hund.oggⓘ
|
dog
|
[ʊ] – short, final consonant follows
|
| Stunde
|
De-Stunde.oggⓘ
|
hour
|
[ʊ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| rund
|
De-rund.oggⓘ
|
round
|
[ʊ] – short, final consonant cluster
|
| gut
|
De-gut.oggⓘ
|
good
|
[uː] – long, stressed syllable
|
| Bruder
|
De-Bruder.oggⓘ
|
brother
|
[uː] – long, medial position
|
| suchen
|
De-suchen.oggⓘ
|
to search
|
[uː] – long, medial syllable
|
| Schule
|
De-Schule.oggⓘ
|
school
|
[uː] – long, sch + u
|
| Buch
|
|
book
|
[uː] – long, final position
|
| Zug
|
De-Zug.oggⓘ
|
train
|
[uː] – long, before g
|
| Blume
|
De-Blume.oggⓘ
|
flower
|
[uː] – long, open syllable
|
| Ufer
|
De-Ufer.oggⓘ
|
shore
|
[uː] – long, stressed initial vowel
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Wasser
|
De-Wasser.oggⓘ
|
water
|
[v] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| wann
|
De-wann.oggⓘ
|
when
|
[v] – initial, interrogative
|
| wer
|
De-wer.oggⓘ
|
who
|
[v] – initial, question word
|
| wie
|
De-wie.oggⓘ
|
how
|
[v] – initial, question word
|
| warum
|
De-warum.oggⓘ
|
why
|
[v] – initial, interrogative
|
| wohnen
|
De-wohnen.oggⓘ
|
to live
|
[v] – initial, before vowel
|
| wieder
|
De-wieder.oggⓘ
|
again
|
[v] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Welt
|
De-Welt.oggⓘ
|
world
|
[v] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Wind
|
De-Wind.oggⓘ
|
wind
|
[v] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| Woche
|
De-Woche.oggⓘ
|
week
|
[v] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| wild
|
De-wild.oggⓘ
|
wild
|
[v] – initial, loanword origin, still [v]
|
| wählen
|
De-wählen.oggⓘ
|
to choose, to vote
|
[v] – initial, umlaut vowel follows
|
| weich
|
De-weich.oggⓘ
|
soft
|
[v] – initial, diphthong follows
|
| wenig
|
De-wenig.oggⓘ
|
little, few
|
[v] – initial, stressed syllable
|
| wunderbar
|
De-wunderbar.oggⓘ
|
wonderful
|
[v] – initial, compound word
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Xylofon
|
De-Xylofon.oggⓘ
|
xylophone
|
[ks] – initial, Greek origin
|
| Xenia
|
De-Xenia.oggⓘ
|
Xenia (name)
|
[ks] – initial, proper name
|
| Xaver
|
De-Xaver.oggⓘ
|
Xaver (name)
|
[ks] – initial, proper noun
|
| extra
|
De-extra.oggⓘ
|
extra
|
[ks] – initial, prefix ex-
|
| Examen
|
De-Examen.oggⓘ
|
exam
|
[ks] – medial, ex- prefix
|
| Export
|
De-Export.oggⓘ
|
export
|
[ks] – medial, ex- prefix
|
| exakt
|
De-exakt.oggⓘ
|
exact
|
[ks] – initial, prefix ex-
|
| Exempel
|
De-Exempel.oggⓘ
|
example
|
[ɡz] – ex- before vowel, voiced
|
| exakt
|
De-exakt.oggⓘ
|
exact
|
[ks] – ex- before consonant
|
| Text
|
De-Text.oggⓘ
|
text
|
[ks] – final [kst] cluster
|
| Hexe
|
De-Hexe.oggⓘ
|
witch
|
[ks] – medial, Germanic word
|
| Luxus
|
De-Luxus.oggⓘ
|
luxury
|
[ks] – medial, loanword
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Physik
|
De-Physik.oggⓘ
|
physics
|
[y] – ü, stressed syllable
|
| Physiker
|
De-Physiker.oggⓘ
|
physicist
|
[y] – ü, stressed syllable
|
| typisch
|
De-typisch.oggⓘ
|
typical
|
[y] – ü, stressed syllable
|
| Typ
|
De-Typ.oggⓘ
|
type, guy
|
[y] – ü, monosyllabic word
|
| System
|
De-System.oggⓘ
|
system
|
[y] – ü, loanword
|
| Gymnasium
|
De-Gymnasium.oggⓘ
|
grammar school
|
[ʏ] – short ü sound in unstressed syllable
|
| Hymne
|
De-Hymne.oggⓘ
|
anthem
|
[ʏ] – short ü sound, stressed syllable
|
| Synonym
|
De-Synonym.oggⓘ
|
synonym
|
[y] – ü, Greek origin
|
| Zylinder
|
De-Zylinder.oggⓘ
|
cylinder
|
[y] – ü, initial position
|
| Analyse
|
De-Analyse.oggⓘ
|
analysis
|
[y] – ü, medial
|
| Baby
|
De-Baby.oggⓘ
|
baby
|
[i] – i, English loanword
|
| Party
|
De-Party.oggⓘ
|
party
|
[i] – i, English loanword
|
| Hobby
|
De-Hobby.oggⓘ
|
hobby
|
[i] – i, English loanword
|
| Handy
|
De-Handy.oggⓘ
|
cell phone
|
[i] – i, German usage of English form
|
| City
|
De-City.oggⓘ
|
city (downtown)
|
[i] – i, Anglicism
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| zehn
|
De-zehn.oggⓘ
|
ten
|
[ts] – initial, before vowel
|
| Zeit
|
De-Zeit.oggⓘ
|
time
|
[ts] – initial, diphthong follows
|
| Zimmer
|
De-zimmer.oggⓘ
|
room
|
[ts] – initial, geminate mm follows
|
| zeigen
|
De-zeigen.oggⓘ
|
to show
|
[ts] – initial, intervocalic
|
| Zeitung
|
De-Zeitung.oggⓘ
|
newspaper
|
[ts] – initial, compound word
|
| Zucker
|
De-Zucker.oggⓘ
|
sugar
|
[ts] – initial, consonant cluster
|
| zu
|
De-zu.oggⓘ
|
to, closed
|
[ts] – monosyllabic word
|
| zurück
|
De-Zurück.oggⓘ
|
back
|
[ts] – prefix, unstressed
|
| zusammen
|
De-zusammen.oggⓘ
|
together
|
[ts] – prefix, unstressed
|
| zuverlässig
|
De-zuverlässig.oggⓘ
|
reliable
|
[ts] – prefix, compound word
|
| Zahl
|
De-Zahl.oggⓘ
|
number
|
[ts] – initial, long vowel follows
|
| Zahn
|
De-Zahn.oggⓘ
|
tooth
|
[ts] – initial, nasal follows
|
| Salz
|
De-Salz.oggⓘ
|
salt
|
[ts] – final cluster [lts]
|
| Holz
|
De-Holz.oggⓘ
|
wood
|
[ts] – final cluster [lts]
|
| Platz
|
De-Platz.oggⓘ
|
place, square
|
[ts] – final cluster [ts]
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Bär
|
De-Bär.oggⓘ
|
bear
|
[ɛː] – long, stressed
|
| spät
|
De-spät.oggⓘ
|
late
|
[ɛː] – long, before final t
|
| Mädchen
|
De-Mädchen.oggⓘ
|
girl
|
[ɛː] – long, diminutive -chen
|
| Käse
|
De-Käse.oggⓘ
|
cheese
|
[ɛː] – long, open syllable
|
| Väter
|
De-Väter.oggⓘ
|
fathers
|
[ɛː] – long, plural form
|
| zählt
|
De-zählt.oggⓘ
|
counts
|
[ɛː] – long, before consonant cluster
|
| erklären
|
De-erklären.oggⓘ
|
to explain
|
[ɛː] – long, medial
|
| ähnlich
|
De-ähnlich.oggⓘ
|
similar
|
[ɛː] – long, stressed
|
| Ärger
|
De-Ärger.oggⓘ
|
trouble
|
[ɛ] – short, stressed
|
| Äpfel
|
De-Äpfel.oggⓘ
|
apples
|
[ɛ] – short, closed syllable
|
| Ämter
|
De-Ämter.oggⓘ
|
offices
|
[ɛ] – short, closed syllable
|
| Länder
|
De-Länder.oggⓘ
|
countries
|
[ɛ] – short, stressed
|
| Männer
|
De-Männer.oggⓘ
|
men
|
[ɛ] – short, medial
|
| ändern
|
De-ändern.oggⓘ
|
to change
|
[ɛ] – short, stressed
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| schön
|
De-schön.oggⓘ
|
beautiful
|
[øː] – long, stressed
|
| hören
|
De-hören.oggⓘ
|
to hear
|
[øː] – long, medial position
|
| böse
|
De-böse.oggⓘ
|
evil
|
[øː] – long, open syllable
|
| König
|
De-König.oggⓘ
|
king
|
[øː] – long, stressed syllable
|
| Österreich
|
De-Österreich.oggⓘ
|
Austria
|
[øː] – long, initial position
|
| größer
|
De-größer.oggⓘ
|
bigger
|
[øː] – long, comparative form
|
| Öl
|
De-Öl.oggⓘ
|
oil
|
[øː] – long, monosyllable
|
| zwölf
|
De-zwölf.oggⓘ
|
twelve
|
[œ] – short, closed syllable
|
| öffnen
|
De-öffnen.oggⓘ
|
to open
|
[œ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| öfter
|
De-öfter.oggⓘ
|
more often
|
[œ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| könnten
|
De-könnten.oggⓘ
|
could (subj.)
|
[œ] – short, modal verb form
|
| möchte
|
|
would like
|
[œ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| Löffel
|
De-Löffel.oggⓘ
|
spoon
|
[œ] – short, closed syllable
|
| Wörter
|
De-Wörter.oggⓘ
|
words
|
[œ] – short, plural form
|
| plötzlich
|
De-plötzlich.oggⓘ
|
suddenly
|
[œ] – short, closed syllable
|
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Tür
|
De-Tür.oggⓘ
|
door
|
[yː] – long, stressed
|
| fühlen
|
De-fühlen.oggⓘ
|
to feel
|
[yː] – long, medial syllable
|
| grün
|
De-grün.oggⓘ
|
green
|
[yː] – long, stressed syllable
|
| früh
|
|
early
|
[yː] – long, stressed
|
| müde
|
De-müde.oggⓘ
|
tired
|
[yː] – long, open syllable
|
| über
|
De-über.oggⓘ
|
over, about
|
[yː] – long, prefix
|
| Schüler
|
De-Schüler.oggⓘ
|
pupil, student
|
[yː] – long, stressed
|
| fünf
|
De-fünf.oggⓘ
|
five
|
[ʏ] – short, stressed
|
| Mutterkühe
|
|
mother cows
|
[ʏ] – short, closed syllable
|
| Münze
|
De-Münze.oggⓘ
|
coin
|
[ʏ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| wünschen
|
De-wünschen.oggⓘ
|
to wish
|
[ʏ] – short, stressed
|
| hübsch
|
De-hübsch.oggⓘ
|
pretty
|
[ʏ] – short, stressed
|
| Küche
|
De-Küche.oggⓘ
|
kitchen
|
[ʏ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| Flüssigkeit
|
De-Flüssigkeit.oggⓘ
|
liquid
|
[ʏ] – short, stressed syllable
|
| glücklich
|
De-glücklich.oggⓘ
|
happy
|
[ʏ] – short, medial syllable
|
To be elaborated.
| German
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Straße
|
De-Straße.oggⓘ
|
street
|
[s] – ß after long vowel
|
| groß
|
De-groß.oggⓘ
|
big
|
[s] – ß final, after long vowel
|
| weiß
|
De-weiß.oggⓘ
|
white
|
[s] – ß final, after diphthong
|
| heiß
|
De-heiß.oggⓘ
|
hot
|
[s] – ß final, after diphthong
|
| Fuß
|
De-Fuß.oggⓘ
|
foot
|
[s] – ß final, after long vowel
|
| Gruß
|
De-Gruß.oggⓘ
|
greeting
|
[s] – ß final, after long vowel
|
| bloß
|
De-bloß.oggⓘ
|
merely
|
[s] – ß final, after long vowel
|
| Maß
|
De-Maß.oggⓘ
|
measure
|
[s] – ß final, after long vowel
|
| Fleiß
|
De-Fleiß.oggⓘ
|
diligence
|
[s] – ß final, after diphthong
|
| beißen
|
De-beißen.oggⓘ
|
to bite
|
[s] – ß medial, diphthong before
|
| reißen
|
De-reißen.oggⓘ
|
to tear
|
[s] – ß medial, diphthong before
|
| gießen
|
De-gießen.oggⓘ
|
to pour
|
[s] – ß medial, long vowel before
|
| schließen
|
De-Schließen.oggⓘ
|
to close
|
[s] – ß medial, long vowel before
|
| außer
|
De-außer.oggⓘ
|
except
|
[s] – ß after diphthong au, before -er
|
| äußern
|
De-äußern.oggⓘ
|
to express
|
[s] – ß after diphthong äu, before -ern
|
| äußerst
|
De-äußerst.oggⓘ
|
extremely
|
[s] – ß after diphthong äu, before -st
|
| reißen
|
De-reißen.oggⓘ
|
to tear
|
[s] – ß after diphthong ei, medial
|
| beißen
|
De-beißen.oggⓘ
|
to bite
|
[s] – ß after diphthong ei, medial
|
| heißen
|
De-heißen.oggⓘ
|
to be called
|
[s] – ß after diphthong ei, medial
|
| Fleiß
|
De-Fleiß.oggⓘ
|
diligence
|
[s] – ß after diphthong ei, final
|
| draußen
|
De-draußen.oggⓘ
|
outside
|
[s] – ß after diphthong au, medial
|
| German (ss)
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| müssen
|
De-müssen.oggⓘ [ˈmʏsən]
|
must
|
[s] – short vowel [ʏ] before ss
|
| lassen
|
De-lassen.oggⓘ [ˈlasən]
|
to let
|
[s] – short vowel [a] before ss
|
| essen
|
De-Essen.oggⓘ [ˈɛsən]
|
to eat
|
[s] – short vowel [ɛ] before ss
|
| Wasser
|
De-Wasser.oggⓘ [ˈvasɐ]
|
water
|
[s] – short vowel [a] before ss
|
| Küsse
|
De-Küsse.oggⓘ [ˈkʏsə]
|
kisses
|
[s] – short vowel [ʏ] before ss
|
| Klasse
|
De-Klasse.oggⓘ [ˈklasə]
|
class
|
[s] – short vowel [a] before ss
|
| German (ß)
|
Pronunciation
|
English
|
Use/Notes
|
| Fuß
|
De-Fuß.oggⓘ [fuːs]
|
foot
|
[s] – long vowel [uː] before ß
|
| Gruß
|
De-Gruß.oggⓘ [ɡʁuːs]
|
greeting
|
[s] – long vowel [uː] before ß
|
| schließen
|
De-schließen.oggⓘ [ˈʃliːsən]
|
to close
|
[s] – long vowel [iː] before ß
|
| weiß
|
De-weiß.oggⓘ [vaɪ̯s]
|
white
|
[s] – diphthong [aɪ̯] before ß
|
| Fleiß
|
De-Fleiß.oggⓘ [flaɪ̯s]
|
diligence
|
[s] – diphthong [aɪ̯] before ß
|
| außer
|
De-außer.oggⓘ [ˈaʊ̯sɐ]
|
except
|
[s] – diphthong [aʊ̯] before ß
|
| Maße
|
De-Maße.oggⓘ [ˈmaːsə]
|
measures
|
[s] – long vowel [aː] before ß
|
