Controversies in Science/Water fluoridation: Difference between revisions

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===Bone Density===
===Bone Density===
Studies conducted in the 1960's suggest that fluoride increases bone density and minimizes fractures, thus it was used in human clinical trials in hopes of preventing osteoporosis.Although trials have confirmed that fluoride does increase bone density it can also decrease bone density of the cortical bone.
Studies conducted in the 1960's suggest that fluoride increases bone density and minimizes fractures, thus it was used in human clinical trials in hopes of preventing osteoporosis.Although trials have confirmed that fluoride does increase bone density it can also decrease bone density of the cortical bone. http://www.fluoridealert.org/studies/bone03/


===Socio-economic status and tooth decay===
===Socio-economic status and tooth decay===

Revision as of 01:00, 12 September 2012

(from Controversies in Science)

Points For

Low IQ & Cancer

There is a proven negative effect of fluoride which affect the body when ingested, It ranges from cancer to lower IQ,majorly in kids. Extra Fluoride can be found in tooth paste which needs to be stopped because we're wasting money every year to induce negative effects on the population nationwide. "Fluoride in Water Linked to Lower IQ in Children." 22 December 2010. Infowars. <http://www.infowars.com/fluoride-in-water-linked-to-lower-iq-in-children-2/>

Bone Density

Studies conducted in the 1960's suggest that fluoride increases bone density and minimizes fractures, thus it was used in human clinical trials in hopes of preventing osteoporosis.Although trials have confirmed that fluoride does increase bone density it can also decrease bone density of the cortical bone. http://www.fluoridealert.org/studies/bone03/

Socio-economic status and tooth decay

This article measures the dental health of socially deprived children in Scotland. Water fluoridation is suggested to reduce tooth decay[1].

25% drop in cavities

When taking fluoride drops use by children both in fluoride treated and non-treated areas, there was a 25% drop in cavities in fluoride treated areas[2].

Fluoridated water is better for your teeth.

Fluoride has been shown to prevent bacteria, plaque and improves the re-mineralization of the tooth[3].

Water fluoridation prevents dental caries

When fluoridation was stopped in 14 out of 22 analyses, dental caries increased.[4].

After a 10 year span (1993-2003) children were 74% less likely to be subjected to dental decay.

Children, ages 5-8, experienced a decrease of dental issues. The amount of cases decreased from 56-27 due to the water fluoridation of the Blue Mountain area and is expected to continue to decrease. [5]

Fluoride withdrawal effects

Based on 22 analyses, 14 of which showed an increase in caries in areas where fluoridation was stopped, the authors concluded that caries prevalence increases following withdrawal of water fluoridation. [6]

Decreases dental caries in low socioeconomic children.

5 year old children living in poor areas with fluoridated water are less likely to have dental caries than children who live in poor areas without fluoridated water. Water fluoridation in poor areas reduces inequalities in dental health between poor and affluent 5 year old children[7].

Water fluoridation reduces tooth decay.

When children in the age group of 5 to 11 are given fluoride in their water, they have 41% less tooth decay.[8]

Helps baby teeth the most

Water fluoridation reduces cavities in baby teeth 30-60%. It reduces cavities later on, but to a lesser extent[9].

No increase in hip fractures

There is a false belief that fluroide in water makes bones brittle and increases hip fractures. [10].

Points Against

Fluoridation of drinking water may cause skeletal degradation

Studies in India have shown a positive correlation between skeletal fluorosis and drinking water fluoride levels as low as 1.35 ppm[11]

We Already Have Fewer Cavities

Several studies conducted in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities suggested that this method of delivering fluoride may be unnecessary for caries prevention, particularly in the industrialized countries where the caries level has became low [12].

Water Fluoridation is regarded by many as 'Mass Medication'

This process is highly controversial – the general population is being medicated without consent. For example, those without dental caries are receiving unneeded fluoride.[13].

A Decrease in IQ Levels

The children's IQ levels decreased by 5 to 10 points when compared to those with high concentrations of fluoride and low concentrations of fluoride[14].

Overtime exposure to fluoride has shown to increase chances of adult tooth loss

Across the United States since the 1960's, surveys were conducted country and state wide based on fluoride in the water systems. It has been determined that exposure to fluoride has increased adult tooth loss[15].

Harmful to development of children's teeth

In various locations of India, children's are given fluoride supplements via drops or chewable tablets, causing dental fluorosis. [16].


Larger Amounts of Fluoride in drinking water causes higher risks of bone and hip fractures

Chinese populations that were exposed to larger amounts of Fluoride in drinking water (over 4.32 ppm) had higher risks of bone and hip fractures. [17]

It violates the Nuremberg code for human experimentation

The first and most important point of the Nuremberg code says that anyone participating in an experiment must give informed consent. Actively adding fluoride to drinking water can be considered a form of experimentation. [18]

References

  1. ↑ Jones CM, Woods K, Taylor GO [1997, 55(1):11-15]Social deprivation and tooth decay in Scottish schoolchildren. UK Pubmed Central
  2. ↑ Brunelle, J., & Carlos, J. (1990). Recent trends in dental caries in U.S. children and the effect of water fluoridation. Journal of Dental Research, 69, 723-727. Retrieved October 7, 2011, from: http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/teeth/caries/nidr-dmfs.html
  3. ↑ Armfield, JM (2010). Community Effectiveness of Public Water Fluoridation in Reducing Children's Dental Disease. Public health reports (1974) (0033-3549), 125 (5), 655.
  4. ↑ Parnell, C., Whelton, H., O’Mullane, D. (2009) Water Fluoridation. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // 10 (3). http://www.fairbanksalaska.us/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/20091003EAPD-Parnell-Water-Fluoridation.pdf
  5. ↑ Evans, RW (12/2009). Water fluoridation in the Blue Mountains reduces risk of tooth decay. Australian dental journal (0045-0421), 54 (4), 368.
  6. ↑ Parnell, Whelton, O’Mullane (2009) Water Fluoridation | Oral Health Services Research Centre, University Dental School, Cork, Ireland. http://www.fairbanksalaska.us/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/20091003EAPD-Parnell-Water-Fluoridation.pdf
  7. ↑ Jane C Riley; Michael A Lennon; Roger P Ellwood. The effect of water fluoridation and social inequalities on dental caries in 5-year-old children. International Journal of Epidemiology, Apr 1, 1999, Vol. 28, Issue 2, p300-306, 7p
  8. ↑ Evans RW, Hsiau ACY, Dennison PJ, Patterson A, Jalaludin B. Nov 24, 2009. Water fluoridation in the Blue Mountains reduces risk of tooth decay. Australian Dental Journal Volume 54, Issue 4 pages 368–373. DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01164.x
  9. ↑ Newbrun, E. (1989) Effectiveness of water fluoridation. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 49 (5), 279-289
  10. ↑ Jacobsen, S., O'Fallon, M., Melitnn J. (1993). Hip Fracture Incidence before and after the Fluoridation of the Public Water Supply, Rochester, Minnesota. American Journal of Public Health, 83 (5), 743-745.
  11. ↑ Epidemiological, Clinical, and BIochemical Study of Endemic Dental and Skeletal Fluorosis in Punjab Br Med J 1968; 4 doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5628.427 (Published 16 November 1968)
  12. ↑ Pizzo, Giuseppe (07/2007). Community water fluoridation and caries prevention: a critical review. Clinical oral investigations (1432-6981), 11 (3), 189. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-007-0111-6
  13. ↑ Cheng, K., Chalmers, I., & Sheldon, T. A. (2007, October 6). Adding fluoride to water supplies. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2007. DOI:10.1136/bmj.39318.562951.BE from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2001050/
  14. ↑ Arsenic and Fluoride Exposure in Drinking Water: Children's IQ and Growth in Shanyin County, Shanxi Province, China. San-Xiang Wang, Zheng-Hui Wang, Xiao-Tian Cheng, Jun Li, Zhi-Ping Sang, Xiang-Dong Zhang, Ling-Ling Han, Xiao-Yan Qiao, Zhao-Ming Wu and Zhi-Quan Wang Environmental Health Perspectives , Vol. 115, No. 4 (Apr., 2007), pp. 643-647
  15. ↑ Matthew Neidell, Karin Herzog, and Sherry Glied The Association Between Community Water Fluoridation and Adult Tooth Loss. American Journal of Public Health: October 2010, Vol. 100, No. 10, pp. 1980-1985. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.189555
  16. ↑ Dhar, Vineet (2009).Physiology and toxicity of fluoride. Indian journal of dental research (0970-9290), 20 (3), 350
  17. ↑ Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Fluoride in Drinking Water on Risks of Bone Fractures http://library.mtroyal.ca:3108/doi/10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.5.932/full
  18. ↑ http://www.bmj.com/content/313/7070/1445.full
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