Knee exam
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Contents |
Observation (supine) [edit]
- Ecchymosis (bruise)? Surgical scars?
- Erythema or overlying rash/celulitis
- Knee resting position
- Knee effusion with obscured landmarks
- Quadriceps muscle atrophy
Observation (standing) [edit]
- Balanced weight on each leg
- Genu varum or genu valgum deformity
- Gait analysis
- Hip, knee and ankle alignment
- Presence of Baker cysts (inspect popliteal fossa with patient standing)
Palpation [edit]
- Temperature
- Joint line tenderness
- Bony structures
- Bursae and tendons
Range of motion [edit]
- Normal flexion = 130 degrees
- look for pain and crepitus
- do active vs passive ROM
- Normal extension = 10 degrees above horizontal
Knee effusion tests [edit]
- patellar ballotment
- knee milking
- swipe test/bulge sign
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Stability Tests [edit]
- Lachman's Test (most sensitive)
- Anterior drawer sign
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tests [edit]
- Posterior drawer test
- PCL sag test
Collateral ligament evalutation [edit]
- Knee valgus stress test (Medial collateral ligament)
- Knee varus stress test (Lateral colalteral ligament)
Meniscus Evaluation [edit]
- McMurrays Test (external rotation and extension from full knee flexion for medial meniscal tear, internal rotation and extension for lateral mensicusus)
- Apley's compression test (grind home test)
Other OSCE modules [edit]
Acute Confusion - Acute Coronary Syndrome Orders - Anemia - Arterial Blood Gasses - Asthma - Blood Pressure - Chest pain - Chest XRay - CHF - Coma - COPD - Cranial Nerves - Diabetic History - Diabetic Foot - Dysphagia - EKGs - Gallbladder and Liver - Liver Disease - Gait and Balance - Headache - Hematemesis - Hypertension - Jugular Venous Pulses - Knee Exam - Lymph Nodes - Community Acquired Pneumonia - Parkinson Disease - Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency - Pneumonia Examination - Precordial Exam - STD's - Spleen - Swollen Leg Exam - Thyroid Exam - Upper vs Lower Motor Neuron Lesions - Urinary Incontinence
