Knee exam

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Contents 1 Observation 2 Knee effusion tests 3 Range of motion 4 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Stability Tests 5 Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tests 6 Collateral ligament evalutation 7 Meniscus Evaluation 8 Standing evaluation 9 Other OSCE modules

[edit] Observation

• Ecchymosis (bruise)? Surgical scars?
• Knee resting position
• Knee effusion with obscured landmarks
• Quadriceps muscle atrophy

[edit] Knee effusion tests

• patellar ballotment
• knee milking

[edit] Range of motion

• Normal flexion = 130 degrees
  • look for pain
  • do active vs passive ROM
• Normal extension = 10 degrees above horizontal

[edit] Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Stability Tests

• Lachman's Test (most sensitive)
• Anterior drawer sign

[edit] Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tests

• Posterior drawer test
• PCL sag test

[edit] Collateral ligament evalutation

• Knee valgus stress test (Medial collateral ligament)
• Knee varus stress test (Lateral colalteral ligament)

[edit] Meniscus Evaluation

• McMurrays Test (external rotation and extension from full knee flexion for medial meniscal tear, internal rotation and extension for lateral mensicusus)
• Apley's compression test (grind home test)

[edit] Standing evaluation

• Balanced weight on each leg
• Genu varum or genu valgum deformity
• Gait analysis
• Hip, knee and ankle alignment

[edit] Other OSCE modules