India

From Wikiversity

Part of the Comparative law and justice Wikiversity Project

Contents 1 Basic Information 2 Brief History 3 Economic Development, Health, and Education 4 Governance 4.1 Elections 4.2 Judicial Review 5 Courts and Criminal Law 5.1 Punishment 5.2 Legal Personnel 5.3 Law Enforcement 5.4 Crime Rates and Public Opinion 6 Rights 6.1 Family Law 6.2 Social Inequality 6.3 Human Rights 6.4 Works Cited

[edit] Basic Information

India borders Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Burma. The Himalayan Mountains borders the northern part of India, thus, acts as the separation line between China and India.
"Population:"
1.15 billion as of July 27, 2009
Official Name:
Republic of India

[edit] Brief History

[edit] Economic Development, Health, and Education

[edit] Governance

[edit] Elections

[edit] Judicial Review

[edit] Courts and Criminal Law

[edit] Punishment

[edit] Legal Personnel

[edit] Law Enforcement

[edit] Crime Rates and Public Opinion

Acquitted: 1,163,450
Assaults: 236,313
Burglaries: 111,296
Convicted: 604,547
Frauds: 41,403
Manslaughters: 3,912
Murders: 37,170
Rapes: 15,468
Robberies: 28,411
Software Piracy Rate: 69%
^[1]

[edit] Rights

[edit] Family Law

[edit] Social Inequality

In the last 12 years, India's economy has grown at an average annual rate of about 7 percent, reducing poverty by 10 percent. However, 40 percent of the world's poor still live in India, and 28 percent of the country's population continues to live below the poverty line. More than one third live on less than a dollar a day, and 80 percent live on less than two dollars a day. India's recent economic growth has been attributed to the service industry, but 60 percent of the workforce remains in agriculture.

The rate of increasing disparity between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have-nots’, is hard to miss in tech centers like Bangalore, Chennai and Delhi. Technology professionals are returning, having made their millions in the US. They are driving expensive cars and living in luxury apartments. Cities are growing in all directions. Farmlands are being acquired to build luxury townships, golf courses, five star hotels, spas and clubs. Poor farmers get paid off, and are forced to move further away from the city. And while global leaders and businessmen wax eloquent about India’s growing status as an IT superpower, everyone turns a blind eye to the majority of the population untouched by the economic growth.

It is quite obvious that India’s recent economic growth has not trickled down to the bottom. The majority of the population has been sitting by the sidelines watching the buildings grow taller and the roads get wider. What’s concerning is that there doesn’t seem to be any concerted government effort to rectify the situation. For the poor, a severe lack of basic health, education and training opportunities mean that not only are they in a miserable condition today, there isn’t much hope for the future either. It is only a matter of time when they barter their spades for knives, in a desperate attempt to liberate themselves from the throes of poverty.

A country with such an unequal distribution of opportunities and wealth can never promise long-term security and stability. Any individual or establishment that symbolizes this economic and social disparity will be under threat. India wishes to become an economic superpower. But, if India wants what it wishes, these glaring social and economic problems must be addressed directly and earnestly. And until, these problems are addressed, no company setting up base in India can feel truly secure.

While, the government must own primary responsibility for social upliftment, the answer to India’s woes probably lies in a public-private partnership towards addressing India’s deprived poor. It’s happening in pockets. Companies like the Tata Group have ingrained social responsibility in their DNA. Azim Premji Foundation, promoted by the Wipro Chairman, is working with state governments to improve grassroots level education in rural India. What’s probably now needed is for all private enterprises and government bodies to collaborate, to create a larger, more meaningful, nationwide impact.

[edit] Human Rights

In India, the last quarter of the 20th century has been witness to a growing recognition of the place and relevance of human rights. It is axiomatic that this interest in human rights is rooted in the denial of life and liberty that was a pervasive aspect of the Emergency (1975-77). The mass arrests of the leaders of the opposition, and the targeted apprehension of those who could present a challenge to an authoritarian state, are one of the dominant images that have survived. The involuntary disappearance of Rajan in Kerala is more than a symbol of the excesses of unbridled power. One Forced evictions carried out in Delhi in what is known as ‘Turkman Gate’ conjures up visions of large scale razing of dwellings of those without economic clout, and of their displacement into what were the outlying areas of the city. The catastrophic programme of mass sterilisation is an indelible part of emergency memory. The civil liberties movement was a product of the emergency. Arbitrary detention, custodial violence, prisons and the use of the judicial process were on the agenda of the civil liberties movement.
Women's Rights
The same period also saw the emergence of a nascent women’s movement. In December 1974, the Committee on the Status of Women in India submitted its report to the Government of India preceding the heralding in of the International Women’s Year in 1975. The Status Report, in defiance of standard expectations
• set out almost the entire range of issues and contexts as they affected women. Basing their findings, and revising their assumptions about how women live, on the experiences of women and communities that they met, the Committee redrew the contours of women’s position, problems and priorities.
• gave a fillip to the re-nascent women’s movement.
The women’s movement has been among the most articulate, and heard, in the public arena. The woman as a victim of dowry, domestic violence, liquor, rape and custodial violence has constituted one discourse. Located partly in the women’s rights movement, and partly in the campaign against AIDS,3 women in prostitution have acquired visibility. The question of the practice of prostitution being considered as ‘sex work’ has been variously raised, while there has been a gathering unanimity on protecting the women in prostitution from harassment by the law. The Uniform Civil Code debate, contesting the inequality imposed on women by ‘personal’ laws has been resurrected, diverted and re-started. Representation, through reservation, of women in parliament and state legislatures has followed the mandated presence of women in panchayats. Population policies have been contested terrain, with the experience of the emergency acting as a constant backdrop. ‘Women’s rights are human rights’ has demanded a re-construction of the understanding of human rights as being directed against action and inaction of the state and agents of the state. Patriarchy has entered the domain of human rights as nurturing the offender.

[edit] Works Cited

</references>

Social Inequality Threatening India's Economic Stability BY FC Expert Blogger Anupam MukerjiTue Dec 26, 2006 at 6:32 AM
http://geography.about.com/od/obtainpopulationdata/a/indiapopulation.htm
HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA A MAPPING Usha Ramanathan

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