English grammar

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Communicating effectively

Introduction

What is grammar?

Grammar is a field of linguistics that comprises all the rules of a specific language. The rules are always changing and differ from area to area and from language to language.

Subfields of Grammar/Lingustics

There are multiple sub-fields of Grammar/Linguistics. These subfields include:

• Phonetics
• Phonology
• Morphology
• Syntax
• Semantics
• Pragmatics

Parts of Speech

There are nine different parts of speech.

• noun - a word that names a person, place, or thing (examples: fireman, church, computer, friendship)
• verb - a word that describes an action or state of existence (examples: run, jump, like, want, is)
• pronoun - a word that is used in place of a noun (examples: I, me, he, she, we, they)
• adjective - a word that describes a noun (examples: big, red, dark)
• adverb - a word that modifies a verb or adjective (when, where, how) (examples: quickly, yesterday, everywhere)
• preposition - a word that connects a noun or pronoun to a sentence (examples: on, at, by, as, after)
• conjunction - a word that links two words, phrases, or sentences (example: and, or, because)
• interjection - a word that conveys emotion (example: ahem!, egad!, ouch!)
• articles - a word that introduces a noun (example: a,an,the)

Simple Subject

A simple subject is a noun that tells who or what a sentence is about. Usually a simple subject is one word. Read a following example sentence: Bob jumped. In a sentence Bob is a simple subject. Bob is a who or what of a sentence. Read a following example sentence: Bob a basketball star jumped three feet in the air. Bob is still a simple subject of a sentence. Ḍ

= Confusing words and expressions

Situation / Position / Condition

Animal idioms

See also

• Apostrophe misuse

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