Dominant group/Two-word terms
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Completion status: Been started, but most of the work is still to be done. |
Dominant group is a two-word term.
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Educational level: this is a secondary education resource. |
"[T]wo-word glossary items are the most common technical terms".[1] "Human use is supported by published glossaries, on-line glossary reference tools, and authoring environments that use glossaries to enable or enforce terminological consistency."[1]
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Educational level: this is a tertiary (university) resource. |
"[M]ost technical jargon is not likely to be included in a general-purpose dictionary."[1]
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Educational level: this is a research resource. |
"Dominant group" is an adjective (A), noun (N) glossary term.
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Resource type: this resource is an article. |
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Resource type: this resource consists of notes. |
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Subject classification: this is a semantics resource. |
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Subject classification: this is a terminology resource. |
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Notation [edit]
Notation: let the symbol Def. indicate that a definition is following.
Notation: let the symbols between [ and ] be replacement for that portion of a quoted text.
Universals [edit]
To help with definitions, their meanings and intents, there is the learning resource theory of definition.
Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.
Def. "words which are not found in a dictionary",[1] are called out-of-vocabulary words.
The proof-of-concept structure consists of
- background,
- procedures,
- findings, and
- interpretation.[2]
The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.
Two-word terms [edit]
"The compound two-word term is employed to give more precision than either word alone would have, not being exact synonyms. And each word indicates the sense in which the other is used."[3] Bold added.
Def. "words which are not found in a dictionary"[1] are called out-of-vocabulary words.
Key terms [edit]
"A key-word is a single word with high frequency over the set of Web pages, and a key-term is a two-word term with very high frequency."[4]
Relative synonyms [edit]
The relative synonyms of "dominant group" fall into the following set of orderable pairs:
| Synonym for "dominant" | Category Number | Category Title | Synonym for "group" | Category Number | Catgeory Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| “superior” | 36 | SUPERIORITY | "arrangement" | 60 | ARRANGEMENT |
| “influential” | 171 | INFLUENCE | "class" | 61 | CLASSIFICATION |
| “musical note” | 462 | HARMONICS | "assembly" | 74 | ASSEMBLAGE |
| “most important” | 670 | IMPORTANCE | "size" | 194 | SIZE |
| “governing” | 739 | GOVERNMENT | "painting", "grouping" | 572 | ART |
| "master" | 747 | MASTER | "association", "set" | 786 | ASSOCIATION |
| ----- | --- | ------- | "sect" | 1018 | RELIGIONS, CULTS, SECTS |
'Orderable' means that any synonym from within the first category can be ordered with any synonym from the second category to form an alternate term for "dominant group"; for example, "superior class", "influential sect", "master assembly", "most important group", and "dominant painting". "Dominant" falls into category 171. "Group" is in category 61. Further, any word which has its most or much more common usage within these categories may also form an alternate term, such as "ruling group", where "ruling" has its most common usage in category 739, or "dominant party", where "party" is in category 74. "Taxon" or "taxa" are like "species" in category 61. "Society" is in category 786 so there is a "dominant society".
Term filtering [edit]
"Two-word terms [are] determined not to be of interest in the context of the whole document collection either because they do not occur frequently enough or because they occur in a constant distribution among different documents [deviation-based approach]."[6]
Low frequency [edit]
Using a relative synonym, or "meta-term", such as "influential classification" may work unless the "scholarly popularity" is too restrictive.
| Genus | Number of articles | Two-word terms | Popularity in articles | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "group" | 5,910,000 | "control group" | 2,340,000 | 39.6 |
| "group" | 5,910,000 | "social group" | 964,000 | 16.3 |
| "group" | 5,910,000 | "whole group" | 245,000 | 4.15 |
| "species" | 4,630,000 | "dominant species" | 168,000 | 3.63 |
| "group" | 5,910,000 | "dominant group" | 69,000 | 1.17 |
| "genus" | 1,990,000 | "genus species" | 22,600 | 1.14 |
| "wagon" | 370,000 | "red wagon"[7] (suggested non technical phrase) | 3,610 | 0.976 |
| "chair" | 3,090,000 | "comfortable chair"[7] (suggested non technical phrase) | 21,400 | 0.693 |
| "genus" | 1,990,000 | "species genus" | 13,500 | 0.678 |
| "type" | 6,200,000 | "dominant type" | 30,500 | 0.492 |
| "group" | 5,910,000 | "influential group" | 13,100 | 0.222 |
| "genus" | 1,990,000 | "dominant genus" | 3,070 | 0.154 |
| "genera" | 2,600,000 | "dominant genera" | 3,950 | 0.152 |
| “classification” | 2,620,000 | "control classification" | 3,800 | 0.145 |
| "support" | 4,140,000 | "content support" (meta-term for "comfortable chair") | 3,190 | 0.077 |
| "vehicle" | 2,520,000 | "red vehicle" (meta-term for "red wagon") | 708 | 0.028 |
| "classification" | 2,620,000 | "dominant classification" | 506 | 0.019 |
| “classification” | 2,620,000 | "influential classification" | 421 | 0.016 |
| “support” | 4,140,000 | "satisfying support" (alternate meta-term) | 285 | 0.0069 |
As suggested in the Google scholar "popularity" table above two-word terms below the traditional phrase "genus species" are too restrictive either in popularity or non technicalness. While other synonyms may alter the picture suggested above, terms such as category1 + category2, category1 + "group", and "dominant" + category2 have neither "scholarly" popularity nor technicalness.
The genus term "group" seems to be an adequate starting point.
Constant frequency [edit]
As the following table of subject popularity shows, individual subjects, especially named by one word versus two have high popularity among the document collection sampled by the Google scholar search engine.
| Two-word term | Number of articles | Subject | Number of subject articles | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "credit card" | 483,000 | paleontology | 249,000 | 0.298 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | anthropology | 1,320,000 | 1.30 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | archaeology | 794,000 | 0.558 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | art | 4,620,000 | 0.472 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | astronomy | 1,780,000 | 0.073 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | astrophysics | 730,000 | 0.046 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | "atmospheric science" | 101,000 | 0.048 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | biology | 4,600,000 | 0.289 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | chemistry | 5,130,000 | 0.102 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | communication | 4,560,000 | 0.757 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | culture | 4,490,000 | 1.23 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | economics | 2,630,000 | 1.13 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | education | 4,030,000 | 1.16 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | ethnicity | 1,340,000 | 2.77 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | evolution | 3,930,000 | 0.583 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | geography | 1,980,000 | 1.02 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | geology | 1,710,000 | 0.249 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | history | 3,400,000 | 1.54 |
| "dominant group" | 71,200 | humanities | 1,480,000 | 0.445 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | language | 2,900,000 | 1.58 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | law | 1,360,000 | 2.61 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | literature | 5,180,000 | 0.90 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | "materials science" | 1,170,000 | 0.01 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | metagenome | 6,930 | 3.61 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | music | 2,590,000 | 0.552 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | mythology | 385,000 | 1.37 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | "of the" | 8,370,000 | 0.855 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | paleontology | 249,000 | 0.393 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | "performing arts" | 125,000 | 0.608 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | philosophy | 2,340,000 | 0.979 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | physics | 4,370,000 | 0.096 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | "planetary science" | 483,000 | 0.039 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | "political science" | 1,270,000 | 0.709 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | psychology | 2,510,000 | 1.01 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | "red wagon" | 3,690 | 0.136 (all are books) |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | regions | 5,360,000 | 0.580 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | religion | 1,990,000 | 1.40 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | semantics | 1,280,000 | 0.441 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | sociology | 1,890,000 | 1.40 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | technology | 6,250,000 | 0.376 |
| “dominant group” | 71,200 | theology | 1,080,000 | 0.470 |
| “dominant pickle” | 1 | "of the" | 8,370,000 | 0.001 |
| “net income” | 253,000 | paleontology | 249,000 | 0.061 |
| “net income” | 253,000 | technology | 6,250,000 | 1.03 |
To comment on sampling, "dominant group" alone yields about 71,200 resources. Using "of the" followed by "dominant group" returns 71,600, and "dominant group" followed by "of the" yields 71,900. Or, this suggests the total for "dominant group" is 71,550±350. This is an error of 0.489 %.
The frequency of "dominant group" in these subject areas ranges from 3.61 to 0.01 per cent, which is a range of ~3 x 102. The number of occurrences of "dominant group" in any subject is low suggesting that it is not relevant but may only be an artifact of author word choice.
In Google scholar searches, "credit card" may appear more often associated with articles than "net income", for example, because of the common occurrence of the sentence "The only accepted payment is by credit card." with regard to purchasing a copy of the article or book.
"Fresh-pack pickles are the dominant pickle products in retail groceries and supermarkets."[8]
Significant variation [edit]
The statistical significance approach "is to test whether the variation of the relative frequency of a given term t in the document collection is statistically significant."[6]
Term relevance [edit]
"The notion of term relevance with respect to a document collection is [determined by assigning] each term its score based on maximal tf-idf (term frequency - inverse document frequency, maximal with respect to all the documents in the collection) [information retrieval approach]."[6] For example, "net income" received a score of 17.17, but "big bank" received only 5.39 [which is above the irrelevance cutoff].[6] "Credit card" did not make the cutoff.[6]
Depending on the meaning of "big bank", it may be a relative synonym for "dominant group". "Big" may suggest "important" (one of its synonyms) and a "bank" might be considered an "assemblage" (also a synonym), although the two words taken individually have more popular meanings.
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Youngja Park, Roy J Byrd and Branimir Boguraev (2002). Automatic Glossary Extraction: Beyond Terminology Identification, In: "Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Computational Linguistics". Morristown, New Jersey. pp. 772-8.
- ↑ Ginger Lehrman and Ian B Hogue, Sarah Palmer, Cheryl Jennings, Celsa A Spina, Ann Wiegand, Alan L Landay, Robert W Coombs, Douglas D Richman, John W Mellors, John M Coffin, Ronald J Bosch, David M Margolis (August 13, 2005). "Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet 366 (9485): 549-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67098-5. Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
- ↑ Robert I. Coulter (1954). "Typewritten Library Manuscripts are not Printed Publications". Journal of the Patent Office Society 36: 258. Retrieved on 2012-06-21.
- ↑ Yongzheng Zhang, Nur Zincir-Heywood, Evangelos Milios (2004). "World Wide Web site summarization". Web Intelligence and Agent Systems 2 (1): 39-53. Retrieved on 2012-06-21.
- ↑ Peter Mark Roget (1969). Lester V. Berrey and Gorton Carruth. ed. Roget's International Thesaurus, third edition. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. pp. 1258.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Ronen Feldman, Moshe Fresko, Yakkov Kinar, Yehuda Lindell, Orly Liphstat, Martin Rajman, Yonatan Schler and Oren Zamir (1998). "Text mining at the term level". Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1510 (1998): 65-73. doi:10.1007/BFb0094806. Retrieved on 2012-03-05.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kaldari (September 22, 2011). "Requests for Deletion#Dominant group and subpages". Wikiversity: 1. Retrieved on 2011-10-22.
- ↑ Rashmi Maruvada (March 13, 2006). Evaluation of the Importance of Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Softening in Low Salt Cucumber Fermentations. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA: North Carolina State University. http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/handle/1840.16/1683. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
Further reading [edit]
- Ronen Feldman, Moshe Fresko, Yakkov Kinar, Yehuda Lindell, Orly Liphstat, Martin Rajman, Yonatan Schler and Oren Zamir (1998). "Text mining at the term level". Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1510 (1998): 65-73. doi:10.1007/BFb0094806. Retrieved on 2012-03-05.
- Youngja Park, Roy J Byrd and Branimir Boguraev (2002). Automatic Glossary Extraction: Beyond Terminology Identification, In: "Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Computational Linguistics". Morristown, New Jersey. pp. 772-8.
External links [edit]
- African Journals Online
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- Google scholar Advanced Scholar Search
- International Astronomical Union
- JSTOR
- Lycos search
- NASA's National Space Science Data Center
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- The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
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- SIMBAD Astronomical Database
- Spacecraft Query at NASA.
- SpringerLink
- Taylor & Francis Online
- WikiDoc The Living Textbook of Medicine
- Wiley Online Library Advanced Search
- Yahoo Advanced Web Search
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