Dominant group/Technology

From Wikiversity
Jump to: navigation, search
Technology has opened up doors that lead to skill development where these possibilities were never even considered decades earlier. One such talented musician from Manipur who has used YouTube to share music to the world is June Neelu. The usage of free and open software itself translates into a counter hegemonic development against the dominant paradigm of the recording industry. Credit: Thoichang.
Tulliana launch.png Completion status: this resource is just getting off the ground. Please feel welcome to help!

"Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments." from the Wikipedia entry technology.

Books-aj.svg aj ashton 01b.svg Educational level: this is a secondary education resource.
Sciences humaines.svg Educational level: this is a tertiary (university) resource.
Nuvola apps edu science.svg Educational level: this is a research resource.
38254-new folder-12.svg Resource type: this resource is an article.
Ryanscontribs.svg Resource type: this resource consists of notes.
Nuvola apps kcmprocessor.png Subject classification: this is a technology resource .

Contents

Notation [edit]

Notation: let the symbol Def. indicate that a definition is following.

Universals [edit]

To help with definitions, their meanings and intents, there is the learning resource theory of definition.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

"In 1937, the American sociologist Read Bain wrote that "technology includes all tools, machines, utensils, weapons, instruments, housing, clothing, communicating and transporting devices and the skills by which we produce and use them."[1] Bain's definition remains common among scholars today, especially social scientists." per the Wikipedia entry technology.

"[E]qually prominent is the definition of technology as applied science, especially among scientists and engineers, although most social scientists who study technology reject this definition.[2] after the Wikipedia entry technology.

"The Merriam-Webster dictionary offers a definition of the term: "the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area" and "a capability given by the practical application of knowledge".[3]" from the Wikipedia entry technology.

"Ursula Franklin, in her 1989 "Real World of Technology" lecture, gave another definition of the concept; it is "practice, the way we do things around here".[4]" from the Wikipedia entry technology.

"Bernard Stiegler, in Technics and Time, 1, defines technology in two ways: as "the pursuit of life by means other than life", and as "organized inorganic matter."[5] ... Stiegler has more recently stated that biotechnology can no longer be defined as "organized inorganic matter," given that it is, rather, "the reorganization of the organic."[6]" after the Wikipedia entry technology.

"Technology can be most broadly defined as the entities, both material and immaterial, created by the application of mental and physical effort in order to achieve some value. In this usage, technology refers to tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems. It is a far-reaching term that may include simple tools, such as a crowbar or wooden spoon, or more complex machines, such as a space station or particle accelerator. Tools and machines need not be material; virtual technology, such as computer software and business methods, fall under this definition of technology.[7]" after the Wikipedia entry technology.

Change [edit]

"Such a relationship may just as well result in the adoption of the dominant group's language as a lingua franca without significant pidginisation."[8]

"[T]he fact that in this myth this change in technology also accompanies a change from female to male control of circumcision ritual might encourage us to give consideration to ideas that radical change in ritual and social organisation has occurred and its traces can be detected."[8]

Communication [edit]

"New computer-based communications open up even more the possibilities for group interaction, and some of this potential is being realized (see other articles in this book), but the commercial uses now being developed serve mostly the dominant group's interests. The logic of ruling-class men then leads to a technology that reflects ruling- class men's experience and view of reality. As mentioned earlier, this view of reality is, to a large extent, shared by other men in the society."[9]

Conflict [edit]

"This theory focused on how the values that rival groups attach to political dominance relate to each other and to the technology of conflict. The ratio of the value that the initially politically dominant group attaches to being politically dominant to the value the potential challenger group attaches to being politically dominant was critical."[10]

Control [edit]

"One way for the dominant group to secure control is through the utilization of technology."[11] rather than the use of "middle- and lower-level supervisors, research and development scientists, and janitors."[11]

Education [edit]

“However, skepticism about the educational value of the Internet and technology generally should not imply that language educators should abandon the playing field to corporate or any other dominant group interests.”[12]

Gender bias [edit]

"Add to that the convenience factor for the dominant group, and it becomes even more understandable. As Bacon postulated, science had led, through technology, to the "betterment of man's estate," and traditional gender roles helped pave the way."[13]

Resources [edit]

”Redrawn from Re/. 12. levels of technology, the dominant group would have the option of moving on to fresh pastures as resources of any locality are exhausted, and would derive no advantage from traditions of sustainable, conservative use.”[14]

Superiority [edit]

"[T]he technological superiority of European culture has, until recently, rendered the dominance of colonial groups secure."[15]

"Most dominant groups have been less fortunate. They have found themselves threatened, from the moment of their accession to power, not only by foreign invasion or domestic revolt but also by the insidious processes of assimilation which might, in the long run, destroy their distinctive powers and privileges. This threat was especially menacing when, as in most of the pre-machine age empires, the dominant and dominated groups differed little if at all in physical type."[15]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. Read Bain, "Technology and State Government," American Sociological Review 2 (December 1937): 860.
  2. Donald A. MacKenzie and Judy Wajcman, "Introductory Essay" in The Social Shaping of Technology, 2nd ed. (Buckingham, England : Open University Press, 1999) ISBN 0-335-19913-5.
  3. Script error
  4. Script error
  5. Stiegler, Bernard (1998). Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus. Stanford University Press. pp. 17, 82. ISBN 0-8047-3041-3. 
  6. Stiegler, Bernard (2008). L'avenir du passé: Modernité de l'archéologie. La Découverte. p. 23. ISBN 2-7071-5495-4. 
  7. Script error
  8. 8.0 8.1 Patrick McConvell (1990). "The linguistic prehistory of Australia: Opportunity for dialogue with archaeology". Australian Archaeology (31): 3-27. Retrieved on 2011-08-27. 
  9. Margaret Lowe Benston (1988). Cheris Kramarae. ed. Women's voices/men's voices: Technology as language, In: Technology and women's voices: Keeping in touch. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul Inc.. pp. 12-22. ISBN 0-203-22193-1. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=i9k8oapdbl4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA12&dq=%22The+logic+of+ruling-class+men+then+leads+to+a+technology+that+reflects%22&ots=PuZUKBYehe&sig=F2A0HdUxtVXToZAlSyXuUAU51bw. Retrieved 2012-04-29. 
  10. Dmitriy Gershenson, Herschel I. Grossman (December 2000). "Civil Conflict Ended or Never Ending?". Journal of Conflict Resolution 44 (6): 808-22. doi:10.1177/0022002700044006006. Retrieved on 2012-04-29. 
  11. 11.0 11.1 Richard M. Weiss (Spring 1988). "Will the Role of Managers Decline in the Corporation of the Future?". National Productivity Review 7 (2): 114-21. Retrieved on 2012-04-29. 
  12. Jim Cummins (Autumn 2000). "Academic language learning, transformative pedagogy, and information technology: Towards a critical balance". TESOL Quarterly 34 (3): 537-48. Retrieved on 2011-10-21. 
  13. William Kilbourne, Susan Weeks (1997). "A socio-economic perspective on gender bias in technology". Journal of Socio-Economics 26 (3): 243-60. doi:10.1016/S1053-5357(97)90018-4. Retrieved on 2012-04-29. 
  14. Madhav Gadgil (December 1987). "Diversity: cultural and biological". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2 (12): 369-73. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(87)90138-8. Retrieved on 2011-10-21. 
  15. 15.0 15.1 Ralph Linton (April-June 1943). "Nativistic movements". American Anthropologist 45 (2): 230-40. doi:10.1525/aa.1943.45.2.02a00070. Retrieved on 2011-07-26. 

Further reading [edit]

External links [edit]