Dominant group/Metagenome/Term test

These are heads of Chlorocebus monkeys from lateral drawings: 1. Green Monkey, 2. Grivet, 3. Malbrouck, 4. Vervet. Credit: H.Goodchild.

Completion status: Been started, but most of the work is still to be done.

The technical or scientific term dominant group occurs in about 286 articles on several of the WMF projects. Few of the sentences containing "dominant group" on Wikipedia seem to be attributed (cited or referenced to a source). What would you do?

Educational level: this is a secondary education resource.

Below in the section "Dominant group on wikipedia" is a partial list of those usages pertaining to biology or the overall biological metagenome.

Educational level: this is a tertiary (university) resource.

Some of these occurrences have a right or wrong answer, but many may be open to debate.

Resource type: this resource is a lesson.

Read through each of the following learning guides, then take the term test.

Subject classification: this is a biology resource .

Prepare to defend your answers and enjoy this learning resource!

Subject classification: this is a law resource .

Some of the answers are listed on the 'Discuss' page for this learning resource. Be bold.

Subject classification: this is a terminology resource.

Notation

Notation: let the symbol Def. indicate that a definition is following.

Notation: let the symbols between [ and ] be replacement for that portion of a quoted text.

Universals

To help with definitions, their meanings and intents, there is the learning resource theory of definition.

Def. evidence that demonstrates a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

1. background,
2. procedures,
3. findings, and
4. interpretation.

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

Original research

Some hints about original research can be found in original research inquiry or the Wikiversity resource on original research.

For evaluating the occurrences of "dominant group", here is the associated 'original research' question:

Are any of these uses of "dominant group" original research or original synthesis?

Attribution

Hints about attribution can be found in attribution and copyright.

Should each sentence using "dominant group" have a reference or citation after it?

Are any of the uses of "dominant group" plagiarism?

Copyright

Please keep in mind that the copyright policy on Wikipedia (or any of the WMF projects) is in line with WMF desires to sell educational materials such as books in countries and political regions that may have a much more restrictive copyright law than the USA where the WMF is located.

This is a learning resource for Wikiversity that you may enjoy with respect to publication in the US. Please refrain from making any actual changes to Wikipedia or other WMF projects unless and until you are sure these changes are in line with local project policy.

Hints about copyright can be found in "copyright".

As each sentence stands, is it a copyright violation?

What to do

What would you do if you found each sentence (for each sentence) on Wikipedia, or any of the WMF projects?

Some hints can be found in this resource about attribution and copyright.

Should you put a notice on a notice board somewhere on the site to let others know what some author or editor did, or didn't do?

Dominant group on wikipedia

Here is a summary list of the test questions.

1. Are any of these uses of "dominant group" original research or original synthesis?
2. Should each sentence using "dominant group" have a reference or citation after it?
3. Are any of the uses of "dominant group" plagiarism?
4. As each sentence stands, is it a copyright violation?
5. What you would do if you found each sentence (for each sentence) on Wikipedia, or on Wikiversity, or any WMF project?
6. Should you put a notice on a notice board somewhere on the site to let others know what some author or editor did, or didn't do?
7. How would you edit the entry or the current page on the local project?

Separately, write what you believe about each of these with respect to

1. original research or synthesis,
2. attribution,
3. copyright, and
4. a step by step procedure of what to do if you (or anyone) finds anything similar on a WMF project.

For citation and examination, the current page containing the quoted usage of "dominant group" is either within the quote, before the quote, or indicated after the reference to the author who contributed "dominant group" to the page.

Some hints occur after several of these examples.

1. "Before European settlement, galaxias were the dominant group of native freshwater fish in New Zealand, and, along with the Percichthyidae, one of two dominant groups of native fish freshwater in south-eastern Australia.": cannot find support for this use of "dominant group" on Google scholar.
2. "Euenantiornithes is a superorder of Cretaceous birds. They are considered to contain the more advanced taxa of the Enantiornithes, the dominant group of birds during the late Mesozoic." "Enantiornithes is the dominant group of Mesozoic birds (Chiappe and Witmer, 2002; Hou et al., 2003)."
3. "The course of evolution has been changed several times by mass extinctions that wiped out previously dominant groups and allowed other to rise from obscurity to become major components of ecosystems.", from Paleontology.
4. "When dominance of particular ecological niches passes from one group of organisms to another, it is rarely because the new dominant group is "superior" to the old and usually because an extinction event eliminates the old dominant group and makes way for the new one.", from Paleontology. The statement is followed by [82][83].
5. "When dominance of particular ecological niches passes from one group of organisms to another, it is rarely because the new dominant group is "superior" to the old and usually because an extinction event eliminates the old dominant group and makes way for the new one.[18][182]", from Evolutionary history of life.
6. From Shaochilong, "Shaochilong is the youngest known Laurasian allosauroid suggesting that basal tetanurans not tyrannosaurids, were still the dominant group of large-bodied theropods in Laurasian during the Mid-Cretaceous and that the rise of tyrannosaurids as the dominant group of large terrestrial predators was sudden and confined to the very end of the Cretaceous.": cannot find reference for these uses of dominant group in this context using Google scholar, editor may have used "dominant group" as a synonym for largest group. Both references are to Wikipedia users who inserted text containing "dominant group".
7. "When dominance of particular ecological niches passes from one group of organisms to another, it is rarely because the new dominant group is "superior" to the old and usually because an extinction event eliminates the old dominant group and makes way for the new one.[15][16]", from Extinction event.
8. "The dominance hierarchy also comes into play, as the offspring of the more dominant group members get preferential treatment." from Chlorocebus.
9. "Social Darwinism was a theory which applied Darwin's theory of Natural Selection to ethnic groups and social classes. It suggested that the success of these different ethnic groups in world affairs, and social classes in a society were the result of evolutionary forces, a struggle in which the group or class more fit to succeed did so; i.e., the ability of an ethnic group to dominate other ethnic groups, or the chance to succeed or rise to the top of society was determined by biology, not by the effort of individuals, and the offspring of the dominant groups were destined to succeed because they were more evolved. In more modern times it is typically seen as dubious and unscientific for its apparent use of Darwin's ideas to justify the position of the rich and powerful, or dominant ethnic groups." from The War of the Worlds.
10. From evolutionary history of plants, "The dominant groups today are the gymnosperms, which include the coniferous trees, and the angiosperms, which contain all fruiting and flowering trees."
11. "The rise of dominant groups such as amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds occurred by opportunistic expansion into empty ecological niches and the extinction of groups happened due to large shifts in the abiotic environment."
12. "A subclass of the Osteichthyes, the ray-finned fishes Actinopterygii, have become the dominant group of fishes in the post-Paleozoic and modern world, with some 30,000 living species." from prehistoric fish. "[I]t was suggested that 'the actinopterygians (which is the dominant group of fish at the present time with more than 20 000 species) responded to selection pressures by selective enlargement of parts of the brain that enabled a species to occupy an adaptive niche with special success' (Jerison 1973)."
13. From Saltasaurus, "In the Cretaceous Period, sauropods in North America were no longer the dominant group of herbivorous dinosaurs, with the duck-billed dinosaurs, such as Edmontosaurus becoming the most abundant. However, on other landmasses such as South America and Africa (which were island continents much like modern Australia) sauropods, in particular the titanosaurs continued to be the dominant herbivores."
14. "Their presence as the dominant group in the Western Cape led to this plant community being referred to as the Fynbos (Afrikaans , 'fine bush') community [1]", from Restionaceae.
15. From Agricultural microbiology: "Bacteria:- more dominant group of microorganisms in the soil and equal to one half of the microbial biomass in soil."
16. "Oxisols and Orthents are the dominant groups, though a few more fertile soils have been found, such as the extensive Andisols mentioned earlier from Jurassic Siberia."
17. Per Evolution of reptiles: "The archosaurs became the dominant group during the Triassic period, developing into the well-known dinosaurs and pterosaurs, as well as crocodiles and phytosaurs."
18. "Staghorn corals are the dominant group of reef builders.", from Acroporidae.
19. "Perhaps the magpie-geese were one of the dominant groups of Paleogene waterfowl, only to become largely extinct later.", per Magpie Goose.
20. "The colt more than lived up to the lofty expectations on the Rowley Mile by delivering one of the most dominant Group One performances in racing history."
21. Per Reptile: "The archosaurs became the dominant group during the Triassic period, though it took 30 million years before their diversity was as great as the animals that lived in the Permian.[35]" See number 14 above.
22. "The dominant group are the methanogens, particularly Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae.[10]", per Human microbiome.
23. From Lake Kivu: "Diatoms are the dominant group in the lake, particularly during the dry season episodes of deep mixing."
24. "Nonetheless, lichen can certainly withstand harsher conditions than most vascular plants and although they have slower colonization rates, do form the dominant group in alpine regions.", from Pedosphere.
25. "Perissodactyls were the dominant group of large terrestrial browsers right through the Oligocene." from Odd-toed ungulate.
26. "Around the Paleogene-Neogene boundary (some 25 mya), barn-owls were the dominant group of owls in southern Europe and adjacent Asia at least; the distribution of fossil and present-day owl lineages indicates that their decline is contemporary with the evolution of the different major lineages of typical owls, which for the most part seems to have taken place in Eurasia.", per Owl.
27. From Phylogeny of insects: "And today the neopterous insects (those that can fold their wings back over the abdomen) are by far the most dominant group of insects."

Dominant group on wikisource

Here is a summary list of the test questions.

1. Are any of these uses of "dominant group" original research or original synthesis?
2. Should each sentence using "dominant group" have a reference or citation after it?
3. Are any of the uses of "dominant group" plagiarism?
4. As each sentence stands, is it a copyright violation?
5. What you would do if you found each sentence (for each sentence) on Wikipedia, or on Wikiversity, or any WMF project?
6. Should you put a notice on a notice board somewhere on the site to let others know what some author or editor did, or didn't do?
7. How would you edit the entry or the current page on the local project?

Separately, write what you believe about each of these with respect to

1. original research or synthesis,
2. attribution,
3. copyright, and
4. a step by step procedure of what to do if you (or anyone) finds anything similar on a WMF project.

For citation and examination, the current page containing the quote usage of "dominant group" is either within the quote, before the quote, or indicated after, the reference to the author who contributed "dominant group" to the page is included.

1. "In the polypetalous forms progression from hypogyny to epigyny is generally recognized, and where dorsiventrality with insect-pollination has been established, a dominant group has been developed as in the Leguminosae.", from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Angiosperms.

See also

• Acknowledgment
• Attribution
• Copyright
• Dominant group/Proof of concept
• Copyright violations - Wikipedia.
• Credit

Further reading

• George A. Miller (March 2003). "The cognitive revolution: a historical perspective". Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7 (3). 

External links

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