Computer Architecture Lab/WS2007/Project -1 Lab2

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MIssonPoSsible architecture:

Overview[edit | edit source]

We are using parts of the MIPS instruction set and architecture to archive a some what conmpatibility. In sum the processor possesses 25 instructions.

Registers[edit | edit source]

The architecture uses 32x32 bit registers, of which 29 are general purpose registers status register, zero register and a special register. (+ 32 bit program counter.)

Status Register Flags[edit | edit source]

The following table contains all status flags used for arithmetical operations and branch decisions:

Abbrev.Description
NNegative
OOverflow
ZZero
RRandom Flag

The Overflow bit is set after multiplication operations arithmetic operations (MUL, MULU, ADD, SUB, shift operations) if the results needs more than 32bit. For additions it works as carry bit. The Zero bit is set if the result of the last operation was zero. The Negative flag is set, when the last operation was a signed-numbers operations and the result was negative. The random bit is randomly set after each clock cylce.

Instruction Set[edit | edit source]

The following are the six formats used for the core instruction set:

Type -31-                                 format (bits)                                 -0-
Arithmetical opcode (6) rs (5) rt (5) rd (5) reserved (11)
Load/Store opcode (6) rs (5) rt (5) reserved (16)
Branch opcode (6) reserved(10) immediate (16)
Shift opcode (6) reserved (5) rt (5) rd (5) immediate (5) reserved (6)
Jump opcode (6) rs (5) reserved (21)
NOOP 111111 reserved (21)

Simplified:

Type -31-                                 format (bits)                                 -0-
R opcode (6) rs (5) rt (5) rd (5) immediate (5) reserved (6)
I opcode (6) rs (5) rt (5) immediate (16)


Supported operations:

ADD -- Add

Description:Adds two registers and stores the result in a register
Operation: $d = $s + $t; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: add $d, $s, $t
Encoding: 1111 00ss ssst tttt dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

ADDU -- Add unsigned

Description:Adds two registers and stores the result in a register
Operation: $d = $s + $t; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: addu $d, $s, $t
Encoding: 0011 00ss ssst tttt dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

AND -- Bitwise and

Description:Bitwise ands two registers and stores the result in a register
Operation: $d = $s & $t; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: and $d, $s, $t
Encoding: 1010 00ss ssst tttt dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

BR -- Unconditional Branch

Description:Jumps to relative address
Operation: advance_pc (offset << 2));
Syntax: br offset
Encoding: 0100 01xx xxxx xxxx iiii iiii iiii iiii

BZS -- Branch on zero set

Description:Branches if zero flag in status register is set
Operation: if zero == TRUE advance_pc (offset << 2)); else advance_pc (4);
Syntax: bzs offset
Encoding: 1000 10xx xxxx xxxx iiii iiii iiii iiii

BZC -- Branch on zero clear

Description:Branches if zero flag in status register is cleared
Operation: if zero == FALSE advance_pc (offset << 2)); else advance_pc (4);
Syntax: bzc offset
Encoding: 1000 10xx xxxx xxxx iiii iiii iiii iiii

BOS -- Branch on overflow set

Description:Branches if overflow flag in status register is set
Operation: if overflow == TRUE advance_pc (offset << 2)); else advance_pc (4);
Syntax: bos offset
Encoding: 1000 01xx xxxx xxxx iiii iiii iiii iiii

BNS -- Branch on negative set

Description:Branches if negative flag in status register is set
Operation: if negative == TRUE advance_pc (offset << 2)); else advance_pc (4);
Syntax: bns offset
Encoding: 0111 01xx xxxx xxxx iiii iiii iiii iiii

BNC -- Branch on negative clear

Description:Branches if negative flag in status register is cleared
Operation: if negative == FLASE advance_pc (offset << 2)); else advance_pc (4);
Syntax: bnc offset
Encoding: 0111 01xx xxxx xxxx iiii iiii iiii iiii

BOR -- Branch on random

Description:Branches if Random Flag is set
Operation: if lsb(random reg.) == TRUE advance_pc (offset << 2)); else advance_pc (4);
Syntax: bor offset
Encoding: 0110 11xx xxxx xxxx iiii iiii iiii iiii

JR -- Jump register

Description:Jump to the address contained in register $s
Operation: PC = nPC; nPC = $s;
Syntax: jr $s
Encoding: 0110 00ss sssx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

LLI -- Load lower immediate

Description:The 16bit immediate value is stored in the lower word of the destiny register. The higher word is unchanged.
Operation: $t = ($t & 0xFF00)+imm; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: lli $t, imm
Encoding: 0101 00xx xxxt tttt iiii iiii iiii iiii

LW -- Load word

Description:A word is loaded into a register from the specified address.
Operation: $d = MEM[$s]; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: lw $d, $s
Encoding: 0100 10ss sss0 0000 dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

NOOP -- no operation

Description:Performs no operation.
Operation: advance_pc (4);
Syntax: noop
Encoding: 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

OR -- Bitwise or

Description:Bitwise logical ors two registers and stores the result in a register
Operation: $d = $s | $t; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: or $d, $s, $t
Encoding: 1001 11ss ssst tttt dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

SLL -- Shift left logical

Description:Shifts a register value left by the shift amount listed

in the instruction and places the result in a third register. Zeroes are shifted in.

Operation: $d = $t << i; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: sll $d, $t, i
Encoding: 1100 11xx xxxt tttt dddd diii iixx xxxx

SLLV -- Shift left logical variable

Description:Shifts a register value left by the value in a second

register and places the result in a third register. Zeroes are shifted in.

Operation: $d = $t << $s; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: sllv $d, $t, $s
Encoding: 1100 00ss ssst tttt dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

SRA -- Shift right arithmetic

Description:Shifts a register value right by the shift amount

and places the value in the destination register. The sign bit is shifted in.

Operation: $d = $t >> i; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: sra $d, $t, i
Encoding: 1011 10xx xxxt tttt dddd diii iixx xxxx

SRL -- Shift right logical

Description:Shifts a register value right by the shift amount

and places the value in the destination register. Zeroes are shifted in.

Operation: $d = $t >> i; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: srl $d, $t, i
Encoding: 1011 01xx xxxt tttt dddd diii iixx xxxx

SRLV -- Shift right logical variable

Description:Shifts a register value right by the amount

specified in $s and places the value in the destination register. Zeroes are shifted in.

Operation: $d = $t >> $s; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: srlv $d, $t, $s
Encoding: 1010 11ss ssst tttt dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

SUB -- Subtract

Description:Subtracts two registers and stores the result in a register
Operation: $d = $s - $t; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: sub $d, $s, $t
Encoding: 1110 10ss ssst tttt dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

SUBU -- Subtract unsigned

Description:Subtracts two registers and stores the result in a register
Operation: $d = $s - $t; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: subu $d, $s, $t
Encoding: 0010 10ss ssst tttt dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

SW -- Store word

Description:The contents of $t is stored at the specified address.
Operation: MEM[$s] = $t; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: sw $s, $t
Encoding: 0011 11ss ssst tttt xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

XOR -- Bitwise exclusive or

Description:Exclusive ors two registers and stores the result in a register
Operation: $d = $s ^ $t; advance_pc (4);
Syntax: xor $d, $s, $t
Encoding: 1001 00ss ssst tttt dddd dxxx xxxx xxxx

OpCodes[edit | edit source]

The opcodes have a hamming distance of 2.

opcode -31-                                 instruction                                 -0-
111111 NOOP
111100 ADD
001100 ADDU
111010 SUB
001010 SUBU
110110 SRL
110101 SRLV
110011 SLL
110000 SLLV
101110 SRA
101101 SRL
101011 SRLV
101000 AND
100111 OR
100100 XOR
010001 BR
010111 BNC
100010 BZS
100001 BOS
011101 BNS
011110 BZC
011011 BOR
011000 JR
010100 LLI
010010 LW
001111 SW

Address Modes[edit | edit source]

  • register (register-absolute addressing for direct jumps)
  • immediate (immediate-relative addressing for branches)

Sample Files[edit | edit source]

Samples Instruction Set 2

References[edit | edit source]

Hamming-Tool http://www.ee.unb.ca/cgi-bin/tervo/hamming.pl