Chapter 1 Latin
Chapter one
Contents |
Lesson Plan [edit]
- Cases
- Case usage
- The 1st Declension
- Vocabulary 2
- Assignment
Cases [edit]
As we learned in the intro there are five cases in the Latin language. Here are the cases again.
- Nominative
- Genitive
- Dative
- Accusative
- Ablative
Case usage [edit]
Nominative [edit]
The nominative case is the subject, predicate nominatives, and predicate adjectives.
The SUBJECT performs the action.
- Ex. The FARMER loves the girl.
The PREDICATE NOMINATIVE follows a linking verb( is, are, was, were, ect.) and renames the subject.
- Ex. The farmer was a POET.
The PREDICATE ADJECTIVE follows a linking verb( is, are, was, were, ect.)and renames the subject.
- Ex. The farmer is FAMOUS.
Genitive [edit]
The genitive case show possession.
Dative [edit]
The dative case is the indirect object.
Accusative [edit]
The accusative case is the direct object/ and object of certain prepositions.
The direct object receives the action.
| Latin | English |
|---|---|
| Agricolae AQUAM portant | The farmers carry the WATER. |
| Poeta PUELLAS amat | The poet loves the GIRLS. |
| Agricolae VIAM aedificant | The farmers build a ROAD |
| Puellae POETAM non amat | The girls do not love the POET. |
Ablative [edit]
The ablative case is object of certain prepositions, and other special uses
The 1st Declension [edit]
There are five declensions in Latin. Every single noun has a declension. In Latin unlike English every noun has a gender, there are masculine, feminine, and neuter. Also every noun has a number, singular and plural.
So unto 1st declension. The following are the endings for the 1st declension.
| Case | Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -a | -ae | |
| Genitive | -ae | -arum | |
| Dative | -ae | -is | |
| Accusative | -am | -as | |
| Ablative | -a | -is |
So you may ask what are the endings for? Well the endings are to be added to the noun stem. Also the genitive singular ending tells you what declension a noun belongs to.
To find the noun stem drop the genitive singular ending. Ex.
- Poetae - ae = poet
NOTE! Most nouns in the first declension are feminine. With some exceptions, such as agricola, nauta, and poeta. All 3 of those are masculine nouns.
Here is an example
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Aqua/ Water(subject) | Aquae/ waters(subject) |
| Genitive | Aquae/ of the water | Aquarum/ of the waters |
| Dative | Aquae/ to or for the water | Aquis/ To or for the waters |
| Accusative | Aquam/ Water(Direct obj.) | Aquas/ Waters(Direct obj.) |
| Ablative | Aqua/ Water | Aquis/ Waters |
Vocabulary 1 [edit]
- vita, vitae, f.
- casa, casae, f.
- fama, famae, f.
- familia, familiae, f.
- fortuna, fortunae, f.
- terra, terrae, f.
VERBS (you will learn about them in the next chapter.)
- amo, amare, amavi, amatus
- habito, habitare, habitavi, habitatus
- laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus
- paro, parare, paravi, paratus
- porto, portare, portavi, portatus
- specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus
Assignment [edit]
Your assignment is to find the meaning of all the words in the vocabulary section. Also to decline all the nouns. To decline them means to put them into a table such as the example of AQUA in the 1st declension section.
