2.0 Hackolution
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Reasearch/experimental/Original reasearch. Uploaded by --Deweirdifier 14:42, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
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index The Deweirdifier
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[edit] Hackolution
At the begining, theres the big bang, mater condenses in to galaxies and stars. After several generations of stars our sun is formed and earth around it. Nothing but a grain of dust in the hugeness of the universe, that just hapened to have conditions just right for us. Other wise the universe is a prety damn baren place
Then life apears, there isn't an oficial guess for this; there are a zilion conjectures, but these are mainly superstitions and heresy. As it stands, the most advanced, plausible, confirmed and oficial theory, paralels a bunch of monkeys typing on typewriters, and 1 of them writing once, 1 of Shakespeare's plays. Every 1 can say anything and its contrary, without beeing acused of crankdum. I'll do that too, i'll just take a litle bit from here and there that i like, and add a litle bit of sauce of my own recipe.
[edit] Bootstraping
Life seems to start very fast after earth has cooled down. A cool theory, is that mars being smaller, cooled faster, hence being capable to harbor life, while earth was still a molten hell. Life actualy started on mars, and got trasfered imediatly on earth, thru meteor impact(as bacteria), as soon as she was cool enough. Mars continued to cool fast to death, while earth, being bigger, has still quite some time before she reaches that state.
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http://exploringorigins.org/fattyacids.html videos 3 and 4
Regardless, if we are realy earthlings or marsians, at the beginning, various simple molecules get formed spontaneously due to physical proceses (lightnings, UV, natural catalysts, extraterrestrials, Santa Claus, and whatever) and acumulate over milions of years(primodial soup theory). We will concentrate on surfactants; probably, mainly faty acids because they are the simplest, but other types of molecules are not excluded. There is a shitload of possibilities; see for example the 1 with all the flour things. The examples are artificial, or created by living beings, only the 1s that can be created spontaneously by natural processes will be available(organic/inorganic hibrids posible). Surfactants have a head and a tail thing; the head is polarized, and the tail is not polarized. The polarized head tends to stick with H2O molecules because they are also polarized; but around the non polarized tail, H2O molecules tend to stick with themselves only; in other words they try to avoid eachother. When natural proseses consentrate localy these surfactants molecules, they will colectively try to hide there tails from the H2O by only showing to it there heads, initialy forming tiny droplets, all heads out side, all tails inside. If certain conditions are met, the droplets mearge in bilayer sheets of moleculs, and lastly folding on them selves, into the 3D form of a vesicle.
The vesicle's surface has some permeability to any small random free floating molecules(organic/inorganic), but not to big 1s. The small molecules being in a dynamic equilibrium, molecules constantly get in and out of the vesicule, but on average their concentrations in and out stay the same. If for some reason they get polymerized inside the vesicle, then they will be too big to leave. These polymers, take up space, and H2O molecules have a tendency to stik on them, thus reducing the concentration of free H2O molecules inside of the vesicule. In the outside H2O is more pure, and the concentration of free H2O molecules near the membrane is higher. Now, it becomes more probable that a H2O molecule will colide with the membrane at the outside face rather then the inside, inside some H2O colisions are replaced with polymer colisions, thus more get in rather then out. A net flow of H2O will rush inside, swelling the vesicle, untill the concentrations of free H2O molecules become identical again(osmosis). This sweling will stretch the membrane of the vesicle and exposse the tails of the surfactans. Vesicles look macroscopicaly inert, but at the microscopic level; individual surfactans molecules are very dynamic; 2D-floating around in their sheet; fliping sheets, leaving the vesicle all together to float on there own, and reincorporate in to a nearby vesicle. The streaching of the membrane will disrupt the dynamic equilibrium between the rates of gained and lost surfactan molecules. The streached membrane will recruite extra free floting surfactans molecules to beater hide the tails. Concentration of free floting surfactans will diminish, rezulting in a net loss of surfactans molecus from vesicules with lower concentration of polymers inside them. In final analysis, vesicules with the most junk inside, will cannibalize it's neighbors and grow at there expence. ("The emergence of competition between model protocells." Science 3 September 2004)
A vesicle will not grow indefinitely; when it grew too big, it become instable and deviate's greatly from the perfect sphere, mechanical stresses will have a increasing likely hood to split it into smaller vesicles(lipid world theory? 1994?). With it's breakfast randomly distributed among the daughter vesicles but without losing too much of it in the proces. Some of this content however, is less junk than regular junk because it has catalytic properties that polymerize simple molecules into regular junk. The more polymerizing catalysts, a vesicle has, the faster it will grow. However, when the vesicle splits, it would confer an advantage to its descendants only if the catalysts can somehow be build at a eficient enough rate. Regular organic polymers can of course have catalytic properties, but it's very hard to get asembled spontaneously. Any organic polymer that can catalyze polymerization, it would be nice for the vesicle, but they arise at random, there no way to built those eficiently enough, they come and go at random.
http://www.semp.us/_images/biots/Biot226PhotoF.jpg clay crystals ready to desintegrate
http://books.google.com/books?id=79thE-A_cPsC&lpg=PP1&dq=seven%20clues%20to%20the%20origin%20of%20life&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q=&f=false crystaline reproduction diagram
There is something that can have catalytic properties and still somehow get produced at eficient rates(not merely at random); it is certain types of inorganic crystals(clay theory 1966). Organic molecules are too good at what they do, they are too flexible, spontaneously they assemble in completely random stuf, but if they get it right, they are very eficient. These crystals are indeed less flexible and less eficient, (assuming that the precursor must have been organic because of its eficience, is sily; this is like arguing that Neanderthals had titanium spears because titanium is light and strong and stones are crap) but they are forced to crystalize in to something specific, they are forced in to whatever shape the previous crystalized layer looks like. Copying across defects, and what interest us here, surface shape. These crystals grow axialy, copying across the grooves and other defects of it's surface, that has the catalytic property that interest us, when they become too big, mechanical stress cause them to break, essentialy duplicating a primitive form of genetic material, in combination with the split of the vesicles, it would allow natural selection to start bootstraping the protocell in to heir levels of complexity. Here we have genetic information, stored in the sinconference, of 1 tiny crystal, 1 tiny gene, order of magnitude 1KB, fiting in a small text file; as a compareson, human DNA is 2m long, 850MB with 20.000 genes of varying complexity; a gigantic diference in complexity.
So we have a bunch of monkeys, typing at random on there typewriters, but sucess is measured by how many pages they type.
[edit] Variability
At this point a behavior of the vesicles become relevent, vesicles can sometimes merge and mix there content, this isn't energeticaly very favorable, so it doesn't hapen often. If there isn't some type of genetic material and natural selection acting on it, this would be prety uninteresting. Usualy(not alwayes) this confers a selective advantage to the population by increasing variability. Instead of having a pointy Gaussian of genotypes around some average, it spreads the bell to it's tails at the expense of the area around the average. Increasing variability, has short term negative efects, but long term positive efects. Individuals with perfect fitness are less numerous, since there genes get poluted by less then perfect individuals, but, when the environment changes, or when the population colonizes new environments, there are beater chances that some individuals will survive. Sex works so well, for a lot of beenings, that natural selection will come up with very ingenious whays to preserve it and enhance it, as the complexity of the cell develops,and meare merger,will not be permited.
Of course its all about striking the right balance in variability(cloning/recombination), if the population is too variable present fitnes is ecesively sacrificed with no coresponding long term benefits. The optimum levels of variability depend in complicated ways with various factors(size of population, variability of environment, reproduction speed...), in adition variability can be fined tuned with various tricks(sex, cloning, hermafroditism, serial hermafroditism, genders....). The problem with overperformence, is an overlooked aspect of competition, staying valid for all forms of competition, not just in biology. And i take the chance to point out, that because of this, eugenics, is as anti-evolutionist as creationism.
| “ | Overspecialize, and you breed in weakness. It's slow death. (Motoko Kusanagi) | ” |
Some examples: For the gazilions of bacteria that clone them selves every 20 minutes, mutations give them all the variability they need. In a extreamly harsh desert, a species of lizards, gave up sexual reproduction all together, they just clone them selves. Insest can be seen as a poor mans cloning technology, once less then perfect genes where all breeded out, the population is HEALTHY, with NORMAL fertility, but very high HOMOGENEITY. The insest taboo(in most animals) is there to prevent this very high homogeneity of ocuring, not to prevent the birth of weak ofsprings. Prehistoricaly humans were a cople of hundred thousands on the entire planet and need(ed) around 20 years to start reproducing, cloning was absolutly out of the question. Today we are bilions, the most sucesful complex species ever, some cloning would actualy be beneficial, for the far future, if we colonize the solar system with hundreds of bilions, or if we setup a galactic empire of quadrilions, the level of cloning that becomes beneficial increases proporsionaly(not 100% of course).
[edit] Cell 0.01
[edit] "copying"
The first generation of genome/crystals, are only polymerizing at random, but they get progressively refind in what they do, in some unspecified way, anything, no mater how small, it will get picked up by natural selection. The main goal it's to increase absorbsion of H2O, the most eficiently with the small molecules that enter the vesicle, but without blowing up. The least eficient way to create H2O absorbing molecules is to clog all the litle molecules in to a dense and impenetrable perfectly spherical ball. Realisticaly a light sponge-like structure is the most eficient way. Tendency to polymerize in filaments(crystall surface with grouves? comb-like? tunels? spickes?) with not too much branching, is a first amelioration(avoide compacting), hence naturaly selected. Fosilized evidence of this is modern proteins, becauze of the weight of the past, they retained a sponge-like structure, rather open to H2O and not say compact and gear-like. Filaments are beater, but there sequences are at random, certain sequences are more equal then others in H2O absorption (without blowing up). In halve the vesicles, in a given population, these sequences would be above average, any catalyst that can get inspired by what ever floats around, instead of doing original work every time, will be a further improvement for this half of the population at the expense of the other half. This is a fractionairy genetic transfer, from the crystals only, to the mixture crystals and polymer sequences.
This inspiration, can have extreamly diverse mecanisms, but because this is a "replication" of extreamly low fidelity(barely above random, modern DNA replication error rate 1/10⁹), no 1 bothered to study it, so i'm atempting to make some educated guesses. Before anything else, there's going to be a selection of copyiability. The lowest of all lows, is to influence the proportion of monomeres composing the polymers. More serious business, as the polymers float around and fold in various ways randomly, they get the chance, eventualy to present all of them selves to the surface of the crystals, including parts that on average are headen. With this information, the crystals, could produce small pieces that resemble sections of the polymers, with some luck, as they polymerize between them, the end rezult will have some family rezemblence to the parent polymer. Alternatevly, negative parts of polymer can be produced, that in turn are used to produse pozitive pieces. The mixture of pozitive and negative chunks, as they overlap, help the polymerization of longer chunks of corect sequence. Related to copying, its reading, a certain category of polymer fibers tend to be "copyied", but useles on there own. These are "read", very inperfectly, acording to some arbitrary rules, and a polymer of an other category is produced. This last 1 is actualy useful, "reading" has the extra overhead of a second copying, but the first polymer can now be more suted for copying, and the second for catalitic action. Of caurse these systems are very restricted, they work beater for certain componds, on average the catalisys is closer to copying, while for the rest the average is closer to random.
If the filaments can do something more to help, then just siting there and sucking H2O it would be nice, maybe some kind of catalysis, or something structural or some assistance to the crystals or by cooperating with each other or some kind of cooperation between encapsulated vesicles or simply avoiding toxic products or what ever that can help, no mater how small, it's probable, that any functionality will outweigh quite easily the base function. Crystals are rather not good as catalysts, they introduce a lot of mistakes, even there own replication is plagued with a bunch of mistakes. But mistakes at this stage in the replication of the filaments is very well tolerated, since it doesn't corespond with virtualy 0 functionality as in modern cells, they are still useful for H2O absorption, there main function.
There extra functionality, that at our stage, is realy a bonus, doesn't need either to be always present, at the start they come and go intermitently, as they are produced randomly, but still the protocel is favored by natural selection. The crystals will tend to "copy" those functioning filaments in to something "resembling" them, protocells that contain the most filaments that "resemble" the functioning filaments, will also tend to produce the most functioning filaments, thus constituting an advantage,that will be favored by natural selection. Since theres a higher probability that a crystal produces some correct filaments by wrongly copying a huge number of resembling it, filaments, rather then by wrongly copying huge numbers of some completely random filaments, thus overcoming somewhat the low quality of the crystaline catalysys.
[edit] autocatalitic
From these functioning catalytic polymers, it's not the 1s that do something new that are of great interest, but the 1s that do something old, in particular the catalytic function of the crystal that created them. Simply as, helper conponds, or out right doing the entire catalysis on there own. There adition in the mixture of crystals will lower the level of mistakes in polymers production ("copying").
In turn the quantity of this polymer will increase, since it catalizes its own production, bringing the level of mistakes further down. Starting a positive feed back loop, incrementaly reducing the level of mistakes up to a level. At some point, a second polymer apears, of greater still quality then the first becauze of the lowering of mistakes brought by the first polymer, its adition in the mixture of catalyts will bring the level of mistakes further down. Numerus sucesions of superior vertions get aded thru this mecanism, coexisting with or replacing old 1s or with some complicated helpful interaction. The reduction of mistakes permits to increase the quantity, quality and diversity of polymers that have a bonus fonction, giving an edge to the protocell. At some point, the quality of the mixture of catalysing polymers becomes so good, that it breaks even. It is barely above replacement rate and it no longeur depends on the self replication capacity of the crystals, and they are dumped, but the mixture still depends on the lower quality but easyier to copy polymers. The first such "self replicating" polymers or group of polymers, would still "copy" them selves in a very erratic way, producing a gigantic number of failures, from the point of view of copying, but good enough from the point of view of H2O absorbtion.
The group of polymers will continiou to evolve higher quality polymers, that in turn will permit higher still quality of polymers in a sucession of generations. Complexity increase incrementaly, with the sucession of multiple generations of replicators: increases in size, utilization of other monomers that need more precise handling(that the previous generation couldn't achieve) more complex cooperation among the polymers, production de novo of more and more componds, and what ever else can help, no mater how small. After an unspecified number of biological generations, we arrive at some alternate simple nucleic acid, that is used somehow, probably cataliticaly in paralel with other creatures. Evolving gradualy, to more and more complex nucleic acids, untill we finaly arive to the RNA world, from here what hapens next is far less speculative. Examples of alternate nucleic acids: GNA, GmNA, PNA, TNA, p-RNA; with alternate bases, huge number of combinations, PNA seems particularly interesting becauze it resembles somewhat a proteine. RNA have in it self enzymatic properties, acting like proteins, the ribosomes, are mainly RNA, with some proteins atached, presumably, ribosomes at first where RNA only(and precursors?), hinting that proteins came after RNA. DNA can not be a precursor of anything, DNA is derived from RNA, the 2 are almost identical, the tiny changes gives to DNA greater rigidity, thus being a more reliable longterm carrier of information, while RNA is flexible and can fold in complex 3D structures(uridine turn).
Most probably the protein world began, with an enzyme(RNA?) ataching an amino acid on a proto-t-RNA, later a proto-ribozome transfered an amino acid from 1 proto-t-RNA on the amino acid of an other proto-t-RNA, crudely building a first tiny protein(2 amino acids). A first arbitrary proto-m-RNA precursor(imagine something rather folded) was aded, so that a diferent type of proto-t-RNA can atach at 1 of the binding sites(a trace in modern translation code?), producing a micro-protein slightly longer. Proto-m-RNA, expanded with the ability to bind a second proto-t-RNA, giving it higher probability that it will be used because of its spacial proximity, producing a random chain, but with certain prefered proportions in amino acides. As proto-m-RNA expanded more and more to bind more and more proto-t-RNA, the proto-ribozome got refind in to processing the proto-m-RNA. For example adopting a ring configuration around the proto-m-RNA(can we check that on modern ribosomes?) would aloud it at first to translate preferably from the same proto-m-RNA, but in a random back and forth reading(with misses). A second ring around the forming aminoacid chain would increse the chance that it will be ading on the same chain.The adition of a rachet mecanism(like backwards looking hairs) will alow a 1 way reading, but still with misses. Proteins got gradualy longer and more complex as errors whent down. The whole process got refined to todays mecanism, speling errors got way down and in particular m-RNA precursor got simplified and straighten up.
[edit] protocel cooperation
More macroscopicaly, a detail of vesicule configuration is potentialy relevant, in general vesicules are rather messy, multiply encapsulating vesicles in various complex ways(hmm, spliting could still work for iner vesicules?). Initialy cooperating among them, after heavy reorganizations, most of them would eventualy be merged together. Functionalities would be moved around so that vesicules get very specialized and at the same time systems for coordination and transports would coevolve between them. For some the cooperation could have become entrenched, but still there genetic system would be complitly absorbed by the ancestor of the nucleus(contains the DNA today). These would be the ancestors of several cellular organels. And finaly for some, the inner genetic system them selves would be entrenched(for regulatory reazons). This would be an alternative explanation to the theory of the origine of mitohondria and chloroplasts(a bacteria got domesticated like a cow by a biger cell inside it), but without precluding this kind of event from hapening. Folowing this thinking, the bacteria would have evolved from these early inner vesicules. Giving an explanation why the lineage between archea(like bacteria, but diferent), bacteria and eucariotes become blured very early in there evolution(apart becose its only 3bilion year ago). They would echange gene between them, more intencely then if they where always separate as the oficial explaination. The dates given for the formation of eucariotes would simply be the time of the formation of the nucleus.
The bacteria/archea would be too miniaturized(read advance) and less fault tolerant, then bulkier cells, for natural selection to start from scrach with them(because of the "copying"). Once the biological technology reaches a certain threshold, some inner vesicules are more alowed to become outside symbionts and eventualy independent. Above a certain threshold, the components have become too integrated to be able to separate. The bacteria and archea lineages, would corespond to 2 distinct populations of "organeles" that became vagabonds. Perhaps 2 pics of oportunity for independence, 1 at the start of the window(minimum technology, low entrenchment) giving the more versatile archea, and a second at the end(more advanced and entrenchment) giving the bacteria. Viruses would have emerged at a third stage(even more advanced and entrenched), a virus is so minimalistic that it needs good quality industry to usurp for it self, but at this point entrenchment is so great, that only a very simple organel has a reasonable chance to become independent. Theres enough holes in the raw data to acomodate this upside down theory. Other proposed theories its that the independent bacteria/archea merged in various ways to set up the eucariotes, with the adition of my theory all the posibilities about who get inside of what are covered, at least 1 has to be true. All these theories have in comon that they see eucariotes as a kind of extremely centralized bacterial colony.
[edit] paleontology
Apart from trying to replicate the process in a lab, there is some hope that we can extract archeological evidence. Even, maybe they still can form, or found refuge, in weird special places, and we simply didn't looked for them. The organic parts, of the protocells, have decayed to oblivion eons ago, but there's a chance that there gene-crystals, didn't. It should be feasible to recover a fossilized signature of some kind. Say if we find significant quantities, with a shape/defects distribution that strangely deviates from normal, packed in a certain geological layer bilions of years old. I'm not aware that any systematic study of this kind, on minerals , is done at all. We would have acess to a sequence of fossils extremely early in evolution, and some study on there catalytic properties would give hint on the chemistry of there environment, and from that we could extrapolate on potential decedents. Specificities from todays cells, like: the genetic code (triplet synonims, triplet amino acid corelation, start/end sequences), the amino acid in use, ribozome structure, the sugars in use, lipids in use, ect ; could be used to bridge the gap between the crystal era and the RNA era.
Of course, if the cool mars theory is true, we should find no crystal-fosils at all on earth, and we would have to wait for a marsian colony to setle the issue :( .
[edit] All work and no play, make jhonny a dull boy
In theory at least, it should be possible to build a working protocell in a lab today, with some figling of this basic blue print. It seems reasonable to assume that there are more then 1 recipes, and once you know the recipe it should be reproducible quite easily. Having a model of a protocel would be nice, but it would be far cooler if we tried with more exotic recipes, using other liquids (dihydrogen monoxide, alcohols, oils, Hg, melted metals, H2O2, liquid He, H2SO4, NH3, plasma, what ever), with the apropriate surfactant molecules ,molecules with a liquid-phobic tail and a liquid-phile head , with crystals and other molecules that dissolve willingly in that liquid, all that at some unspecified temperature and pressure. For example, alcohol and NH3 should be straight forward, an inverted vesicle in oil with some organic crystal, for liquid metals maybe some sort of ceramic particules. Apart for H2O, knowledge for other liquids is almost completely inexistent. All money is spend on carbon based molecules, that work in H2O, or other organic liquids. Why would anyone spend money in to surfactants that work in liquid He?
No need to be C chauvinists, if you play with temperature and presure, a lot of atoms should adopt carbon like properties, capable of forming long chains. Under high enough presure H2 becomes metalic, while we stay alive inside a very narow window of presure and temperature, this just showes that the posibilities are almost infinit. For example the other atoms of the C group in the periodic table, have the posibility to have 4 bonds, for the N2 group atoms it's 3 bonds, but all are less stable then carbon INSIDE OUR WINDOW OF SURVIVABILITY. Naivly, by changing the temperature and pressure, exotic complex compauonds should be more usable. Compounds usable at very low/high temperatures, should look extremely fragile/rigid at our temperatures. In general they should exibit complex behavior inside some narow window of survivability(like C), the least exotic would be Si. Alternatives to O2, it could be simply electricity given by us, chemical alternative should be very reactive molecules, for example halogens, like Cl.
A realy exotic biology would be dust particles suspended in plasma. Say, the use of big enough, specialy manufactured dust particles, that act as "molecules" but can be seen in the naked eye or a simple magnifier, in real time, in room temperature. Amfifilic dust particles, with a very inert chain, and a easily exitable head, with the corect geometry. Other "molecules" with carefuly manufactured shape and certain of it surfaces, either inert or exitable or magnetized so that they stick together and simulate polymers and catalyts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNaXlK_3Fik continuous artificial evolution of bacteria since 1988(21 years as i wright this). A total of 44.000 generations, from generation 31.500, they unexpectedly evolved in eating there citrate substrate
Of cource they are interesting theoretical ramifications about extraterrestrial life forms, of a diferent biology, at protocell or advanced state. From liquid He plutonians to plasma space amibas. But they would also be interesting as nanomachines working for us, for imposible tasks to natural living cell, with some acelarated artificial evolution. For example Molten-metal-cells(metaloids) for the metalurgic industry, H2SO4-cells(sulfuroids) for the chemical industry, liquid-N2-cells(nitrogenoids) for the cryogenic undustry etc. They could be used for teraforming, a sucession of cell biologies, that incrementaly come closer and closer to earth standards, this way we could start even with an iradiated dead rock bringing it the state of a lush jungle.
This evolution, of course will cheat a lot, she will have a lot of input from us(we don't want to wait milions of years). We could do this with evolution factories at an industrial scale(read, absolutely huuuuge), not just in a lab by hand as pore Zachary. To reduce costs and increase speed, it could be caried out on some extraterestial location, with an environment very close to the desired, while suplementing artificialy what ever is missing.
[edit] Transformers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCXzcPNsqGA Simulation of Evolution by Natural Selection
When you finaly have a decent cell, the rest is ..... trivial. An overview, bits and bolts from all over the place:
Bacteria(simple) develop in to bigger and more complex cells, they get compartmentalized, active transport with litle molecular trains tracking vesicles, passive difusion isn't enough for same rate metabolism. A bacterium, enters a biger cell and get stocked inside, it becomes the mitochondria.
Extension of the membrane, increase the surface of the cell, molecular trains, start tracking a portion of the cytoskeleton instead of vesicles in these extensions, a protoflagelum develops. The flagelum is used to bring food particles to the numerous membrane extensions around it by creating a H2O current. Cells come together in spherical free swiming colonies (active flagelums outside), the surface cells feed the inner cells that are dividing, during division cells can't hunt for food, hence growth gets acelarated.
Some become too big and sit on the ocean floor, active flagelums upside, H2O flow on the surface. It folds in to a cup shape structure, in order to increase surface for the flagelums(first simple sponge, no galeries). Now H2O flow from the outside thru litle pores and filtered for food, depleted H2O gets rejected by a central chimney.
Limited constriction capability, is aded for flow regulation and for obstruction protection, on pores and chimney opening, this last one is particularly important for the sponge. A signaling system develops for the constriction coordination of the chimney opening at its opening edges(pre-nerves), probably just a primitive pacemaker. The edges of the chimney opening, get sutured together leaving 2 chimney holes. Becauze of H2O curents and anatomical factors, at various times, either chimney hole suck H2O, filtering of bigger food particles. System optimized by controled chimney constriction, an input only(mouth) and output only(cloaca) opening. H2O pumping with flagelums get replaced gradualy by muscular suction at mouth and muscular ejection at the cloaca. The pores are used to filter H2O in the reverse direction, retaining big particles. Pores near the mouth become a filter(gils for eating), while the rest close and become the first digestive track(cells with the membrane extensions). The initial signaling system around the old lips, gets upgraded in to nerves and forms a stripe (spinal cord/brain) coordinating muscular contractions. A bundle of muscles, contracts inside the animal, pushing fluid around, as a simple agitator(first heart). The larva develop a litle tail as a simple dispersion mechanism(like dandelion), capabilities get enhanced with various sensors(example simple eyes), a litle brain at the front etc. When it has found a good place, it ataches and digest all the bling bling (sea squirts).
The larva becomes fertile and start to reproduce, adulthood stage mutates to oblivion, and develops in to a very primitive filter eating tadpod-like fish. Extensive rearrangements folow, the stripe of nerves gets invaginated below the surface as a tube(old surface points in the inside of the tube), for protection, and becomes the spinal cord. Scales apear and some are brought in to the mouth, where they become tooths. Gils get specialized, 1 pair for hearing, the gil cartilage becomes the first cartilaginous ear "bone", the gil cartilages of the firsts pairs become the jaw, and the rest specializes for breading.
If we aply the names of human structures on a sponge: It sits on the ocean floor on his tumy(on his navel/placenta?), it takes H2O in thru his ears. Dumps it outside thru his mouth and ass hole, that are merged in to one opening across a slit all the long of his back. The slit opens in to the entire length of his digestive track. His spinal cord and brain are cut longitudinaly in the midle and the 2 bands lie on each side of the slit, exposed on the surface. Corect that the slit is supozed to be circular, and here you have it. That would make interesting art, i can see the title from here, "the human sponge", i want to see these imagess roling ;), or may be some thing like "body wolds". The more grotesque the beater, people will for sure learn there embriology in 3 seconds.
Patches of skin become fotosensible, develop in to flat rudimentary eyes, they get depressed in a cup for limited directional detection, further shaped in to a pin hole camera(sea H2O gets in and out through the iris), a transparent membrane encloses the hole to prevent crap from geting in, the membrane is shaped in to a lens. An out pocketing of the farynx, is used to control buoyancy by varying the amount of gas in it, gas can get in by swalowing or by the blood(O2), gas can get removed by burping or through the blood(O2).
Cartilaginous skeletons get ossified, rigid fins develop in swamp to push away the vegetation as it swims, toes are aded for holding on things in currents. The out pocketing of the farynx gets refined in to lungs. First amfibian tetrapods, resemble something like a salamander, the animal it self becomes terrestial, scales become fur, specialized sweat glans develop to keep the eggs moist and laid on dry land instead in H2O, glans secrete nutrients too that eggs absorb. Eggs are adapted further, absorb nutrients from the mother directly in the uterus, with minimal contact to avoid the mothers imune system. An aids like virus, weakens the mothers imune system permiting the egg to evolve in being more and more invasive, while virus toxicity gets targeted in protecting the foetus. The sweat glands specialize primarily for nutrient production. Around this period, 2 extra ear bones are aded(sound amplification) and a testicular hernia increases fertility due to lower temperature(until then testicles, where inside the body).
[edit] imperfect beings
A mouse-like ground-creature adapts to the trees, lemurs(like a monkey, but with the head of a dog, wet nose....). Lemurs become monkeys, the forest of a particular group is replaced by a savana due to climate change. There lower hands are morfed in to foots, since moving around gets more important then climbing on the rare trees of the savana. Brains get bigger(embryonic brain cells divide for longer), in combination with hands, more elaborate tools are made in order to cope with the more dificult environment. Females, add in there lists of atractiveness proxies of inteligence. Inteligence hapens to be also a proxy for genetic fitness, the brain is very delicate, efects of bad genes get demultiplied, females start over selecting for inteligence, with genetic fitness as a real goal. Brain size, increase well above any practical usefulness due to female pervertion(other victim, peacok). 10.000 years ago, climate change forces them in to agriculture, once agriculture under control, population explodes, first cities, first civilization around natural navigable H2O ways(for comerce). With no central empire, to build and maintain roads, only boats and ports are feasible.
Mediterranean sea particularly advantaged as a navigable H2O way. Roman empire conquer relatively disperse populations, Mediterranean shores are taken with ships, and then go inland by building roads. Because of the geography, on the European side, it's hard to fight organized armies, army rebelions are hard to tackle and weaken the empire to it's colapse. Daughter kingdoms run in to the same problem when they try to conquer each other, the fear that enemy kingdoms will become too powerful for all the rest, ensures aliances against them. The kingdoms are blocked in perpetual wars, with ever changing oportunistic aliances that ensures that no kingdom get disbanded. Huge and prolonged war expenses is a drive for new military technology that spills over in to civilian technology. In contrast the others just made palaces or worse (Hai jin (海禁). This intense competition among Europeans, push them out of Europe, where the local powers can't compeat centuries of military technological advancement, virtualy the entire planet gets colonized. At some point, mass education is used to produce more obedient soldiers and workers(for the war eforts). As a byproduct the regimes get gradualy democratized, not necessarily something unitended, the ruling elites would be outcompeted if they didn't have massively educated there serfs.
WW1 and WW2, just the continuation of the previous line of wars, are particularly eficient, European powers got complitly ruined, and massively decolonize. Inside Europeans states, social services develop for the traumatized European populations, as the trauma receded, the services didn't and inadvertently started a chain reaction lowering general violence levels(violence breeds violence, S-SAD). Rendering religion less important (=source of confort), and further liberalizing society. Between european states, traumatized political elites get motivated for seting up a confederation(1952).
Today between world states, becauze of economic competition, dictatorships have no choice then to promote education or remain very weak, again unintended byproduct is gradual democratization.
To be continued...
[edit] suplement
- Apart the brute force, and EXPENSIVE experiment, that is out side my budget. We can try to simulate the primodial soup with raw petrol(water from my city's river should do as well :) ), use some kind of comercial soap as amphiphile and somekind of comercial clay, Montmorillonite seams to be popular. All that in an agitator, hopefully, sterilization will not be needed and we could detect something under an unexpensive microscope. It's like cooking, but i'm a louzy cook.
- print in too organs the new biology cells.
- Exotic cells, could be "frozen" or "re-hydrated".
